SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

Shuhao Dong — Fri, 16 May 2025 11:55:09 GMT

I have recently purchased this one and had the same problem. We solved this problem simply by switching to another CS pin and make sure CS pin is active low. Not sure if it will work for you.

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

runsiv — Thu, 19 Sep 2024 12:14:50 GMT

I will try to see if I can find anything. Just as a good to know. I also saw you asked on the zephyr discord thats good.

Regards

Runar

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

Loubear — Tue, 17 Sep 2024 18:12:33 GMT

Runar,

Adding the wait to sd init did not solve this issue. Please let me know if you find anything else that may resolve this issue.

Thanks,

Louis

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

runsiv — Mon, 16 Sep 2024 09:06:17 GMT

Thank you for your patience. It's proven more difficult than what I thought to find someone who has experienced this issue before.

As it works on a reset I would suggest that you add a

void k_busy_wait(uint32_t usec_to_wait);

inside the init function to the SDCard driver as it looks like the boot time might be the issue. It might be also be possible to ask on the Zephyr discord if anyone has seen the issue there. I would however first test if adding the delay fixes the issue.

Regards

Runar

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

Loubear — Thu, 05 Sep 2024 20:41:08 GMT

Thank you.

If it helps here is the location where the SPI bus is supposed to set the CS line to active high.

ncs\v2.6.1\zephyr\drivers\sdhc.c line 127-157:

static int sdhc_spi_init_card(const struct device *dev)
{
	/* SD spec requires at least 74 clocks be send to SD to start it.
	 * for SPI protocol, this will be performed by sending 10 0xff values
	 * to the card (this should result in 80 SCK cycles)
	 */
	const struct sdhc_spi_config *config = dev->config;
	struct sdhc_spi_data *data = dev->data;
	struct spi_config *spi_cfg = data->spi_cfg;
	int ret;

	if (spi_cfg->frequency == 0) {
		/* Use default 400KHZ frequency */
		spi_cfg->frequency = SDMMC_CLOCK_400KHZ;
	}
	/* the initial 74 clocks must be sent while CS is high */
	spi_cfg->operation |= SPI_CS_ACTIVE_HIGH;
    LOG_DBG("Initializing SPI CS PIN: %d", spi_cfg->cs.gpio.pin);  // I ADDED FOR DEBUGGING
    LOG_DBG("SPI operation flags: %x", spi_cfg->operation);        // I ADDED FOR DEBUGGING
	ret = sdhc_spi_rx(config->spi_dev, spi_cfg, data->scratch, 10);
	if (ret != 0) {
		spi_cfg->operation &= ~SPI_CS_ACTIVE_HIGH;
		return ret;
	}
	/* Release lock on SPI bus */
	ret = spi_release(config->spi_dev, spi_cfg);
	spi_cfg->operation &= ~SPI_CS_ACTIVE_HIGH;
    LOG_DBG("Initializing SPI CS PIN: %d", spi_cfg->cs.gpio.pin);  // I ADDED FOR DEBUGGING
    LOG_DBG("SPI operation flags: %x", spi_cfg->operation);        // I ADDED FOR DEBUGGING
	return ret;
}

Now, when running this code I can see the CS active high bit is getting flipped as expected in my log output:

...
[00:00:00.267,242] <dbg> sd: sd_init_io: Host controller support 3.3V max
[00:00:00.267,242] <dbg> sd: sd_init_io: Resetting power to card
[00:00:00.268,341] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_init_card: Initializing SPI CS PIN: 28
[00:00:00.268,371] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_init_card: SPI operation flags: 7100         // bit 14 is set high
[00:00:00.268,768] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_init_card: DONE Initializing SPI CS PIN: 28
[00:00:00.268,768] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_init_card: DONE SPI operation flags: 3100    // bit 14 set back to low after init
[00:00:00.270,996] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd0 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.271,728] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
...

However when probing the CS line I can see that it is still being treated as active low.

Thanks,

Louis

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

runsiv — Wed, 04 Sep 2024 13:12:14 GMT

Thanks for the good data. I'm discussing this internally it appear to be the same issue as you linked https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/issues/29946. I will update you as soon as I have something

Regards

Runar

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

Loubear — Tue, 03 Sep 2024 22:53:51 GMT

Here is a link to the exact card which I am having issues with here.

I realized that when the Samsung card is first initialized it fails and then if I reset the board it then works as expected... The other two cards however succeed on the first attempt. Here are the steps I took to produce those logs:

Power on board with SD card slot empty.
insert the Samsung SD card.
Click the reset button on the devkit
SD card init fails...
wait 1 second
click the reset button on the devkit again
SD card init success!

*** Booting nRF Connect SDK v3.5.99-ncs1-1 ***
[00:00:00.251,953] <dbg> sd: sd_init_io: Host controller support 3.3V max
[00:00:00.251,953] <dbg> sd: sd_init_io: Resetting power to card
[00:00:00.255,554] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd0 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.256,317] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.257,049] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.257,049] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.257,781] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.257,812] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.258,544] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.258,575] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.259,307] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.259,338] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.260,040] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.260,070] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.260,803] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.260,833] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.261,566] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.261,596] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.262,329] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.262,329] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.263,061] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.263,092] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.263,824] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.263,854] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.264,587] <inf> sd: Legacy card detected, no CMD8 support
[00:00:00.264,587] <inf> sd: Card does not support CMD8, assuming legacy card
[00:00:00.264,617] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd0 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.265,350] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd58 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.266,204] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd55 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.266,937] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd41 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.267,669] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd58 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.268,432] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd10 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.268,768] <dbg> sd: sdmmc_spi_read_cxd: CMD10 failed: -22
[00:00:00.268,798] <dbg> sd: card_read_cid: Card MID: 0x0, OID:
[00:00:00.268,829] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd9 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.269,165] <dbg> sd: sdmmc_spi_read_cxd: CMD9 failed: -22
[00:00:00.269,195] <dbg> sd: sdmmc_read_csd: Card block count 0, block size 512
[00:00:00.269,195] <inf> sd: Maximum SD clock is under 25MHz, using clock of 8000000Hz
[00:00:00.269,226] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd55 arg 0x0
*** Booting nRF Connect SDK v3.5.99-ncs1-1 ***
[00:00:00.251,983] <dbg> sd: sd_init_io: Host controller support 3.3V max
[00:00:00.252,014] <dbg> sd: sd_init_io: Resetting power to card
[00:00:00.255,584] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd0 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.256,347] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd8 arg 0x1aa
[00:00:00.257,080] <dbg> sd: sd_send_interface_condition: Found SDHC with CMD8 support
[00:00:00.257,110] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd59 arg 0x1
[00:00:00.257,843] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd58 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.258,697] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd55 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.259,429] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd41 arg 0x40000000
[00:00:00.270,233] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd55 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.270,996] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd41 arg 0x40000000
[00:00:00.271,728] <dbg> sd: sdmmc_send_ocr: SDMMC responded to ACMD41 after 1 attempts
[00:00:00.271,728] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd58 arg 0x40000000
[00:00:00.272,491] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd10 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.273,742] <dbg> sd: card_read_cid: Card MID: 0x1b, OID: MS
[00:00:00.273,773] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd9 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.275,024] <dbg> sd: sdmmc_read_csd: Card block count 62521344, block size 512
[00:00:00.275,054] <inf> sd: Maximum SD clock is under 25MHz, using clock of 8000000Hz
[00:00:00.275,085] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd55 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.275,207] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd51 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.275,390] <dbg> sd: sdmmc_read_scr: SD reports specification version 8
[00:00:00.275,390] <inf> main: Block count 62521344
Sector size 512
Memory Size(MB) 30528
[00:00:00.275,482] <dbg> sd: card_read: READ: Sector = 0, Count = 1
[00:00:00.275,512] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd17 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.278,320] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd13 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.278,442] <dbg> sd: card_read: READ: Sector = 2048, Count = 1
[00:00:00.278,442] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd17 arg 0x800
[00:00:00.280,426] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd13 arg 0x0
[00:00:00.280,548] <dbg> sd: card_read: READ: Sector = 2049, Count = 1
[00:00:00.280,548] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd17 arg 0x801
[00:00:00.282,531] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd13 arg 0x0
Disk mounted.

Listing dir /SD: ...
[00:00:00.282,714] <dbg> sd: card_read: READ: Sector = 34816, Count = 1
[00:00:00.282,745] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd17 arg 0x8800
[00:00:00.284,698] <dbg> sdhc_spi: sdhc_spi_send_cmd: cmd13 arg 0x0
[DIR ] SYSTEM~1
[FILE] TEST.TXT (size = 24)

Looking at the logic analyzer the 2 signals from the above procedure look almost identical except the SD card's response to the CMD8 SD command is not correct the first time (see the SD card's response on the MISO line):

After step 3 above:

After step 6 above:

I took your suggestion and looked into the voltage levels and you can see that the voltage lines are at 3V voltage level in the analog waveform which is within spec for the Samsung card linked above.

To ensure it is not by board causing issues could this be tested with the Nordic 5340 Audio Devkit which has a built in SD card slot?

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

runsiv — Tue, 03 Sep 2024 12:05:09 GMT

Everything looks fine according the to konfiguration. Do you have anything more info regarding the samsung SDHC card? I'm just wondering if it could be something like in this issue where the card uses a different voltage.

It would be interresting if you could add

CONFIG_SD_LOG_LEVEL_DBG=y
CONFIG_SDHC_LOG_LEVEL_DBG=y
CONFIG_SDMMC_LOG_LEVEL_DBG=y

and run it again to see if we get more information

Regards

Runar

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

Loubear — Fri, 30 Aug 2024 22:33:17 GMT

I updated my board overlay in the following way:

&spi1 {
    status = "okay";
    cs-gpios = <&gpio0 28 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
    sdhc0: sdhc@0 {
        compatible = "zephyr,sdhc-spi-slot";
        reg = <0>;
        status = "okay";
        mmc {
            compatible = "zephyr,sdmmc-disk"; # Changed to sdmmc-disk from mmc-disk
            status = "okay";
        };
        spi-max-frequency = <25000000>;
    };
};

Changing from "zephyr,mmc-disk" to "zephyr,sdmmc-disk" fixed this issue for me on 2 of my SD cards; however it still does not work on one of my SD cards. I have a Lexar 64GB microSDXC and a SanDisk 64GB microSDXC both formatted with a 30GB Fat32 partition and it works fine. I have a Samsung 32GB microSDHC card and it still fails on this card. This card is not corrupt as I can plug it into a PC and see the files.

I'm still wondering if this is related to the initialization procedure I mentioned in my previous post...

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

Loubear — Fri, 30 Aug 2024 19:25:51 GMT

Runar,

I have verified the physical connection to the SD card. The traces you can see in my logic analyzer output above are connected directly to my SD card breakout board (as seen below):

My issue also seems similar to this: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/issues/29946

Thanks,

Louis

RE: SD Card error using fs_sample zephyr example code

runsiv — Fri, 30 Aug 2024 12:24:38 GMT

Hi Louis I will look into your case

It seems to me that is similar to https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/issues/55769 and I think I would start this by verifying the physical connection to the sdcard as it appears to not be detected.

Regards

Runar