undefined reference twi error

[simon1516]

Hi,

I hope you can help me. I get an error while compiling. I merge "twi sensor" example from sdk to the "ble app uart" example from sdk. So I customize the sdk_config to enable twi. In addition to that, I add all missing nRF_Drivers to make it work. While compiling, I get the following output:

1> "C:/Program Files/SEGGER/SEGGER Embedded Studio for ARM 4.50/gcc/arm-none-eabi/bin/as" --traditional-format -I../../../config -I../../../../../../components -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_advertising -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_dtm -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_link_ctx_manager -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_racp -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_ancs_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_ans_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_bas -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_bas_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_cscs -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_cts_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_dfu -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_dis -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_gls -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_hids -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_hrs -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_hrs_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_hts -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_ias -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_ias_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_lbs -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_lbs_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_lls -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_nus -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_nus_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_rscs -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_rscs_c -I../../../../../../components/ble/ble_services/ble_tps -I../../../../../../components/ble/common -I../../../../../../components/ble/nrf_ble_gatt -I../../../../../../components/ble/nrf_ble_qwr -I../../../../../../components/ble/peer_manager -I../../../../../../components/boards -I../../../../../../components/libraries/atomic -I../../../../../../components/libraries/atomic_fifo -I../../../../../../components/libraries/atomic_flags -I../../../../../../components/libraries/balloc -I../../../../../../components/libraries/bootloader/ble_dfu -I../../../../../../components/libraries/bsp -I../../../../../../components/libraries/button -I../../../../../../components/libraries/cli -I../../../../../../components/libraries/crc16 -I../../../../../../components/libraries/crc32 -I../../../../../../components/libraries/crypto -I../../../../../../components/libraries/csense -I../../../../../../components/libraries/csense_drv -I../../../../../../components/libraries/delay -I../../../../../../components/libraries/ecc -I../../../../../../components/libraries/experimental_section_vars -I../../../../../../components/libraries/experimental_task_manager -I../../../../../../components/libraries/fds -I../../../../../../components/libraries/fifo -I../../../../../../components/libraries/fstorage -I../../../../../../components/libraries/gfx -I../../../../../../components/libraries/gpiote -I../../../../../../components/libraries/hardfault -I../../../../../../components/libraries/hci -I../../../../../../components/libraries/led_softblink -I../../../../../../components/libraries/log -I../../../../../../components/libraries/log/src -I../../../../../../components/libraries/low_power_pwm -I../../../../../../components/libraries/mem_manager -I../../../../../../components/libraries/memobj -I../../../../../../components/libraries/mpu -I../../../../../../components/libraries/mutex -I../../../../../../components/libraries/pwm -I../../../../../../components/libraries/pwr_mgmt -I../../../../../../components/libraries/queue -I../../../../../../components/libraries/ringbuf -I../../../../../../components/libraries/scheduler -I../../../../../../components/libraries/sdcard -I../../../../../../components/libraries/slip -I../../../../../../components/libraries/sortlist -I../../../../../../components/libraries/spi_mngr -I../../../../../../components/libraries/stack_guard -I../../../../../../components/libraries/strerror -I../../../../../../components/libraries/svc -I../../../../../../components/libraries/timer -I../../../../../../components/libraries/twi_mngr -I../../../../../../components/libraries/twi_sensor -I../../../../../../components/libraries/uart -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd/class/audio -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd/class/cdc -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd/class/cdc/acm -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd/class/hid -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd/class/hid/generic -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd/class/hid/kbd -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd/class/hid/mouse -I../../../../../../components/libraries/usbd/class/msc -I../../../../../../components/libraries/util -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/conn_hand_parser -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/conn_hand_parser/ac_rec_parser -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/conn_hand_parser/ble_oob_advdata_parser -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/conn_hand_parser/le_oob_rec_parser -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ac_rec -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ble_oob_advdata -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ble_pair_lib -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ble_pair_msg -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/common -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ep_oob_rec -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/hs_rec -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/le_oob_rec -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/generic/message -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/generic/record -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/launchapp -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/parser/message -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/parser/record -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/text -I../../../../../../components/nfc/ndef/uri -I../../../../../../components/nfc/platform -I../../../../../../components/nfc/t2t_lib -I../../../../../../components/nfc/t2t_parser -I../../../../../../components/nfc/t4t_lib -I../../../../../../components/nfc/t4t_parser/apdu -I../../../../../../components/nfc/t4t_parser/cc_file -I../../../../../../components/nfc/t4t_parser/hl_detection_procedure -I../../../../../../components/nfc/t4t_parser/tlv -I../../../../../../components/softdevice/common -I../../../../../../components/softdevice/s140/headers -I../../../../../../components/softdevice/s140/headers/nrf52 -I../../../../../../components/toolchain/cmsis/include -I../../../../../../external/fprintf -I../../../../../../external/segger_rtt -I../../../../../../external/utf_converter -I../../../../../../integration/nrfx -I../../../../../../integration/nrfx/legacy -I../../../../../../modules/nrfx -I../../../../../../modules/nrfx/drivers/include -I../../../../../../modules/nrfx/hal -I../../../../../../modules/nrfx/mdk -I../config -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mlittle-endian -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mthumb "C:/Users/hp/Desktop/Firmware Entwicklung/nRF5SDK160098a08e2.zip/examples/ble_peripheral/ble_app_uart/pca10100/s140/ses/Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/main.asm" -o "Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/main.o"
1> rm "C:/Users/hp/Desktop/Firmware Entwicklung/nRF5SDK160098a08e2.zip/examples/ble_peripheral/ble_app_uart/pca10100/s140/ses/Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/main.asm"
1> Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/main.o (28.06.2020 20:58:16) is newer than Output/Debug/Exe/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140.elf (28.06.2020 20:57:32).
1> Linking ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140.elf
1> "C:/Program Files/SEGGER/SEGGER Embedded Studio for ARM 4.50/gcc/arm-none-eabi/bin/ld" -X --omagic -eReset_Handler --defsym=__vfprintf=__vfprintf_long --defsym=__vfscanf=__vfscanf_long -EL --gc-sections "-TC:/Users/hp/Desktop/Firmware Entwicklung/nRF5SDK160098a08e2.zip/examples/ble_peripheral/ble_app_uart/pca10100/s140/ses/Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140.ld" -Map Output/Debug/Exe/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140.map -u_vectors -o Output/Debug/Exe/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140.elf --emit-relocs --start-group "@C:/Users/hp/Desktop/Firmware Entwicklung/nRF5SDK160098a08e2.zip/examples/ble_peripheral/ble_app_uart/pca10100/s140/ses/Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140.ind" --end-group
1> C:/Program Files/SEGGER/SEGGER Embedded Studio for ARM 4.50/gcc/arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/nrf_drv_twi.o: in function `nrf_drv_twi_init':
1> C:\Users\hp\Desktop\Firmware Entwicklung\nRF5SDK160098a08e2.zip\integration\nrfx\legacy/nrf_drv_twi.c:186: undefined reference to `nrfx_twi_init'
1> C:/Program Files/SEGGER/SEGGER Embedded Studio for ARM 4.50/gcc/arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/main.o: in function `nrf_drv_twi_enable':
1> C:\Users\hp\Desktop\Firmware Entwicklung\nRF5SDK160098a08e2.zip\examples\ble_peripheral\ble_app_uart\pca10100\s140\ses/../../../../../../integration/nrfx/legacy/nrf_drv_twi.h:513: undefined reference to `nrfx_twim_enable'
1> C:/Program Files/SEGGER/SEGGER Embedded Studio for ARM 4.50/gcc/arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: Output/ble_app_uart_pca10100_s140 Debug/Obj/main.o: in function `nrf_drv_twi_tx':
1> C:\Users\hp\Desktop\Firmware Entwicklung\nRF5SDK160098a08e2.zip\examples\ble_peripheral\ble_app_uart\pca10100\s140\ses/../../../../../../integration/nrfx/legacy/nrf_drv_twi.h:544: undefined reference to `nrfx_twim_tx'
Build failed

But I don´t know what I´m making wrong.

Could you help me with that?

Thanks in advance

[Karl Ylvisaker]

Hello,

Which SDK are you using?
If you are using the newer versions in which nrf_drv_* is legacy, you will notice that they are forwarding macros to the new nrfx_ drivers.
Therefore, you will need to also add the nrfx_ drivers to your project for the TWI functionality to work. Namely, it seems you are missing nrfx_twim.c. You can see from the error codes that the problem is nrf_drv_twi_* making calls to undefined "nrfx_twim_*" functions.
I would also recommend you that you work directly with the nrfx_ drivers, instead of using the legacy layers - this will decrease future work in which you will have to port your code to the nrfx_ drivers, since nrf_drv is already legacy.

For future reference, it would be beneficial if you were specific when saying that you have added "all missing nRF_drivers to make it work" - which drivers have you added, and which changes have you made to sdk_config?

Please let me know if this does not resolve your problem, or if anything regarding the nrfx_* vs. nrf_drv_* drivers should be unclear.

Best regards,
Karl

[simon1516]

Hi,

I´m using SDK 16.

Karl Ylvisaker said:

Namely, it seems you are missing nrfx_twim.c.

I don´t think so. I added it in the folder "nRF_Drivers as shown in screenshot attached.

I have added the twi drivers in the BLE Uart example, to make TWI work (the same drivers are used in TWI Sensor example of SDK):

- nrfx_twim.c

- nrf_drv_twi.c

In addition to that, I customized sdk_config. In general I enabled all TWI options. Nothing special I think. I attached the sdk_config if it would help you for analyzing.

53234.sdk_config.h

Another thing is, that the application is compiling well in "release" build configuration, but not in "debug" configuration. But when I compile in "release", the BLE application doesn´t work.

Because of nrfx_twim.c is already in my driver folder the problem exists furthermore. Is there something else I could try? Thanks in advance.

Simon

[Karl Ylvisaker]

Hello Simon,

Are you attempting to use nrfx_twim, nrfx_twi or nrf_drv_twi?
I would recommend that you only use the nrfx_ drivers directly, and I would therefore recommend using the TWIM module since it has easyDMA.

From the looks of it, you are not actually enabling any TWI(M) instances in your sdk_config. Furthermore, you are enabling all the three different TWI drivers - nrf_twi, nrfx_twi, and nrfx_twim.
In essence: only add the nrfx_twim.c source file to your project, and remember to #include its header file in your main.
Then, you will need to setup the correct defines in sdk_config - you may not leave the enabling of the legacy layer in place, only the NRFX_TWIM_ENABLED should exist as a "TWI_ENABLED" in your sdk_config. For more information on why you can not leave a legacy " *_ENABLED " please see this ticket.
Since the ble_uart example's UART is using instance 0, your TWIM will have to use instance 1, as per the Shared Resources documentation.

I have merged the TWI sensor example functionality into the ble_uart peripheral example, please see the attached .zip folder.
Unfortunately I have not had the opportunity to test this code with a TWI sensor, so I can not guarantee that it works as provided.
Furthermore, it is worth noting that I have only make the necessary configurations and porting of functions from the TWI Sensor example - but no TWI functions is being scheduled / executed in the provided example. My intent is primarily to show you how you could go about adding an nrfx_ driver to your project.
If any of my previous comments were unclear, please have a look at how it is done in the included example.

Hope this is helpful, please let me know if your issue persists!

Best regards,
Karl


ble_app_uart_with_twim.zip

[simon1516]

Hi Karl,

when I try to compile your example I get an error.

Do I have to modify anything? I have attached the error message as screenshot.

In config_sdk I see that "NRFX_TWIM_ENABLED" is 0 and "NRFX_TWIM1_ENABLED" is 0 too. how could this work? When I change this to 1, it diesn´t work nevertheless.

How can I make it run?

Thanks in advance

Simon

[Karl Ylvisaker]

Hello Simon,

I see that I have made the example for the nRF52840 DK, instead of the nRF52833 DK - my apologies.
The configuration will be the same in the PCA10100 project though, so you may just have a look at how it is done in the PCA10056 project and then make the same changes to the PCA10100 project.

Best regards,
Karl