I'm encountering linker errors while attempting to build dmic (PDM mic for data logging) using the Nordic SDK. However, during compilation, I'm facing linker errors related to standard C library functions such as close, read, write, lseek, and open.
Below are the details of my setup and the errors encountered:
This code will write the received audio data to a file named "audio.pcm" in the current directory in PCM format.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
#include <zephyr/audio/dmic.h>
#include <zephyr/logging/log.h>
LOG_MODULE_REGISTER(dmic_sample);
#define MAX_SAMPLE_RATE 16000
#define SAMPLE_BIT_WIDTH 16
#define BYTES_PER_SAMPLE sizeof(int16_t)
/* Milliseconds to wait for a block to be read. */
#define READ_TIMEOUT 1000
/* Size of a block for 100 ms of audio data. */
#define BLOCK_SIZE(_sample_rate, _number_of_channels) \
(BYTES_PER_SAMPLE * (_sample_rate / 10) * _number_of_channels)
/* Driver will allocate blocks from this slab to receive audio data into them.
* Application, after getting a given block from the driver and processing its
* data, needs to free that block.
*/
#define MAX_BLOCK_SIZE BLOCK_SIZE(MAX_SAMPLE_RATE, 2)
#define BLOCK_COUNT 4
K_MEM_SLAB_DEFINE_STATIC(mem_slab, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_COUNT, 4);
static int do_pdm_transfer(const struct device *dmic_dev,
struct dmic_cfg *cfg,
size_t block_count)
{
int ret;
LOG_INF("PCM output rate: %u, channels: %u",
cfg->streams[0].pcm_rate, cfg->channel.req_num_chan);
ret = dmic_configure(dmic_dev, cfg);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("Failed to configure the driver: %d", ret);
return ret;
}
ret = dmic_trigger(dmic_dev, DMIC_TRIGGER_START);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("START trigger failed: %d", ret);
return ret;
}
FILE *pcm_file = fopen("audio.pcm", "wb");
if (!pcm_file) {
LOG_ERR("Failed to open PCM file for writing");
return -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < block_count; ++i) {
void *buffer;
uint32_t size;
ret = dmic_read(dmic_dev, 0, &buffer, &size, READ_TIMEOUT);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("%d - read failed: %d", i, ret);
fclose(pcm_file);
return ret;
}
// Write audio data to PCM file
fwrite(buffer, 1, size, pcm_file);
k_mem_slab_free(&mem_slab, buffer);
}
fclose(pcm_file);
ret = dmic_trigger(dmic_dev, DMIC_TRIGGER_STOP);
if (ret < 0) {
LOG_ERR("STOP trigger failed: %d", ret);
return ret;
}
return ret;
}
int main(void)
{
const struct device *const dmic_dev = DEVICE_DT_GET(DT_NODELABEL(dmic_dev));
int ret;
LOG_INF("DMIC sample");
if (!device_is_ready(dmic_dev)) {
LOG_ERR("%s is not ready", dmic_dev->name);
return 0;
}
struct pcm_stream_cfg stream = {
.pcm_width = SAMPLE_BIT_WIDTH,
.mem_slab = &mem_slab,
};
struct dmic_cfg cfg = {
.io = {
.min_pdm_clk_freq = 1000000,
.max_pdm_clk_freq = 3500000,
.min_pdm_clk_dc = 40,
.max_pdm_clk_dc = 60,
},
.streams = &stream,
.channel = {
.req_num_streams = 1,
},
};
cfg.channel.req_num_chan = 1;
cfg.channel.req_chan_map_lo =
dmic_build_channel_map(0, 0, PDM_CHAN_LEFT);
cfg.streams[0].pcm_rate = MAX_SAMPLE_RATE;
cfg.streams[0].block_size =
BLOCK_SIZE(cfg.streams[0].pcm_rate, cfg.channel.req_num_chan);
ret = do_pdm_transfer(dmic_dev, &cfg, 2 * BLOCK_COUNT);
if (ret < 0) {
return 0;
}
cfg.channel.req_num_chan = 2;
cfg.channel.req_chan_map_lo =
dmic_build_channel_map(0, 0, PDM_CHAN_LEFT) |
dmic_build_channel_map(1, 0, PDM_CHAN_RIGHT);
cfg.streams[0].pcm_rate = MAX_SAMPLE_RATE;
cfg.streams[0].block_size =
BLOCK_SIZE(cfg.streams[0].pcm_rate, cfg.channel.req_num_chan);
ret = do_pdm_transfer(dmic_dev, &cfg, 2 * BLOCK_COUNT);
if (ret < 0) {
return 0;
}
LOG_INF("Exiting");
return 0;
}
Error-
s\ANUSHKA\dmic\build\zephyr && D:\ncs\toolchains\c57af46cb7\opt\bin\cmake.exe -E true""
d:/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd.exe: d:\ncs\toolchains\c57af46cb7\opt\zephyr-sdk\arm-zephyr-eabi\bin\../lib/gcc/../../picolibc/arm-zephyr-eabi/lib/thumb/v8-m.main/nofp\libc.a(libc_tinystdio_fdopen.c.o): in function `fdopen':
fdopen.c:(.text.fdopen+0x20): undefined reference to `close'
d:/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd.exe: fdopen.c:(.text.fdopen+0xa4): undefined reference to `read'
d:/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd.exe: fdopen.c:(.text.fdopen+0xa8): undefined reference to `write'
d:/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd.exe: fdopen.c:(.text.fdopen+0xac): undefined reference to `lseek'
d:/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd.exe: fdopen.c:(.text.fdopen+0xb0): undefined reference to `close'
d:/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd.exe: d:\ncs\toolchains\c57af46cb7\opt\zephyr-sdk\arm-zephyr-eabi\bin\../lib/gcc/../../picolibc/arm-zephyr-eabi/lib/thumb/v8-m.main/nofp\libc.a(libc_tinystdio_fopen.c.o): in function `fopen':
fopen.c:(.text.fopen+0x1e): undefined reference to `open
Host operating system- Windows 11
nRF connect sdk toolchain- v2.5.2
nrf sdk- v2.5.99-dev1
I am using the nRF Connect for VS Code extension.
