Application fails with ""CMakeCCompilerId.c" failed" and ""CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" failed"

[Joao Colombari]

Hi,  

I am playing with the nRF5340 Audio Application and trying to read several mics and saving these audio files somewhere. There is an issue open for that here. With the cues you gave I could read and listen to the read audio in the same board (some help from the Cirrus windows SW), so I created a new application based on some files from the audio app, namely hw_codec.c and .h, cs47l63_comm.c and .h and cs47l63_reg_conf.

The issues I am facing to build this new application are probably related only to my poor knowledge on the sdk, so I opened this new issue to understand these error I have. 

My first couple of errors came from functions within the headers I used, such as:

/Users/joaovitor/Documents/VSCode/Tiresias/microphone_read/src/hw_codec.c:123: undefined reference to `cs47l63_write_reg’
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: app/libapp.a(hw_codec.c.obj): in function `hw_codec_init':
/Users/joaovitor/Documents/VSCode/Tiresias/microphone_read/src/hw_codec.c:180: undefined reference to `cs47l63_comm_init’
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

 

The workaround was including every c file in the project directory as targets and have all the referenced header directories included in the CMakeLists.txt file:

#
# Copyright (c) 2024 Nordic Semiconductor
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Nordic-5-Clause
#

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20.0)
find_package(Zephyr REQUIRED HINTS $ENV{ZEPHYR_BASE})
project(microphone_read)

target_sources(app PRIVATE 
    src/main.c src/drivers/cs47l63_comm.c 
    ${ZEPHYR_CIRRUS_LOGIC_MODULE_DIR}/cs47l63/cs47l63.c
    ${ZEPHYR_CIRRUS_LOGIC_MODULE_DIR}/common/regmap.c
    ${ZEPHYR_CIRRUS_LOGIC_MODULE_DIR}/cs47l63/generated/cs47l63_syscfg_regs.c
)

# Add the main directory and its subdirectories to the include directories
include_directories(
    /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0-rc2/modules/hal/cirrus-logic
    /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0-rc2/modules/hal/cirrus-logic/common
    /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0-rc2/modules/hal/cirrus-logic/cs47l63
    /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0-rc2/modules/hal/cirrus-logic/cs47l63/config
    /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0-rc2/modules/hal/cirrus-logic/cs47l63/generated
    # Add more directories as needed
)

It does not look as the right way to do it, so this is my first question - what is the best way to show the compiler the referenced header files?

Nevertheless, I could fix the errors, but then I came to another one, for which I couldn't find any solution. I have an error that seems to be unrelated to my application:

Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" failed.
Compiler: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/arm-zephyr-eabi-gcc 
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/lib/libc.a(lib_a-exit.o): in function `exit':
exit.c:(.text.exit+0x34): undefined reference to `_exit'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status


Compiling the CXX compiler identification source file "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" failed.
Compiler: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/arm-zephyr-eabi-g++ 
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/lib/libc.a(lib_a-exit.o): in function `exit':
exit.c:(.text.exit+0x34): undefined reference to `_exit'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

This issue is similar but didn't solve my problem. So my second question is what do I do to solve this problem??

I'll attach my application folder.
Best regards!

SDK version: 2.6.0

Build target: nRF5340 Audio DK

OS: MacOS Sonoma 14.1.2

microphone_read.zip

[dejans]

Hi,

My first couple of errors came from functions within the headers I used, such as:

Can you provide build command and full log?

It does not look as the right way to do it, so this is my first question - what is the best way to show the compiler the referenced header files?

I do not think there is the best way, but there are some options. There are several discussions which mention this - including header files from directory into cmake, adding include directories into cmake and cmake - including h files from other directories. For additional information, you could look at cmake tutorial and importing and exporting guide.

This issue is similar but didn't solve my problem. So my second question is what do I do to solve this problem??

Mentioned issue was due to corrupt Python installation. What have you tried so far and what were the results?

Best regards,
Dejan

[Joao Colombari]

Dejan,

My build command was a pristine in VSCode Extension. The full log is:

Building microphone_read
west build --build-dir /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read --pristine --board nrf5340_audio_dk_nrf5340_cpuapp --no-sysbuild -- -DNCS_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=NONE -DBOARD_ROOT=/Users/joaovitor/my_boards -DCACHED_CONF_FILE=/Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/prj.conf

-- west build: generating a build system
Loading Zephyr default modules (Zephyr base).
-- Application: /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read
-- CMake version: 3.21.0
-- Found Python3: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/python@3.9/bin/python3.9 (found suitable version "3.9.6", minimum required is "3.8") found components: Interpreter 
-- Cache files will be written to: /Users/joaovitor/Library/Caches/zephyr
-- Zephyr version: 3.5.99 (/opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/zephyr)
-- Found west (found suitable version "1.2.0", minimum required is "0.14.0")
-- Board: nrf5340_audio_dk_nrf5340_cpuapp
-- Found host-tools: zephyr 0.16.5 (/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk)
-- Found toolchain: zephyr 0.16.5 (/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk)
-- Found Dtc: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/bin/dtc (found suitable version "1.6.1", minimum required is "1.4.6") 
-- Found BOARD.dts: /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/zephyr/boards/arm/nrf5340_audio_dk_nrf5340/nrf5340_audio_dk_nrf5340_cpuapp.dts
-- Generated zephyr.dts: /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr/zephyr.dts
-- Generated devicetree_generated.h: /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr/include/generated/devicetree_generated.h
-- Including generated dts.cmake file: /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr/dts.cmake

warning: Experimental symbol SAMPLE_RATE_CONVERTER is enabled.

Parsing /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/zephyr/Kconfig
Loaded configuration '/opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/zephyr/boards/arm/nrf5340_audio_dk_nrf5340/nrf5340_audio_dk_nrf5340_cpuapp_defconfig'
Merged configuration '/Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/prj.conf'
Configuration saved to '/Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr/.config'
Kconfig header saved to '/Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr/include/generated/autoconf.h'
-- Found GnuLd: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd (found version "2.38") 
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
-- Found assembler: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/arm-zephyr-eabi-gcc
CMake Warning at /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/zephyr/CMakeLists.txt:126 (message):
  The environment variable 'CPPFLAGS' was set to
  -I/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/include, but Zephyr ignores flags from the
  environment.  Use 'cmake -DEXTRA_CPPFLAGS=-I/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/include'
  instead.


CMake Warning at /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/zephyr/CMakeLists.txt:126 (message):
  The environment variable 'LDFLAGS' was set to -L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib,
  but Zephyr ignores flags from the environment.  Use 'cmake
  -DEXTRA_LDFLAGS=-L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib' instead.


-- Using ccache: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/bin/ccache
CMake Warning at /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/zephyr/CMakeLists.txt:1957 (message):
  __ASSERT() statements are globally ENABLED


-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build
-- west build: building application
[1/806] Preparing syscall dependency handling

[10/806] Generating include/generated/version.h
-- Zephyr version: 3.5.99 (/opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/zephyr), build: d96769faceca
[801/806] Linking C executable zephyr/zephyr_pre0.elf
FAILED: zephyr/zephyr_pre0.elf zephyr/zephyr_pre0.map /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr/zephyr_pre0.map 
: && ccache /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/arm-zephyr-eabi-gcc  -L/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/lib   -gdwarf-4 zephyr/CMakeFiles/zephyr_pre0.dir/misc/empty_file.c.obj -o zephyr/zephyr_pre0.elf  zephyr/CMakeFiles/offsets.dir/./arch/arm/core/offsets/offsets.c.obj  -fuse-ld=bfd  -T  zephyr/linker_zephyr_pre0.cmd  -Wl,-Map=/Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr/zephyr_pre0.map  -Wl,--whole-archive  app/libapp.a  zephyr/libzephyr.a  zephyr/arch/common/libarch__common.a  zephyr/arch/arch/arm/core/libarch__arm__core.a  zephyr/arch/arch/arm/core/cortex_m/libarch__arm__core__cortex_m.a  zephyr/arch/arch/arm/core/cortex_m/cmse/libarch__arm__core__cortex_m__cmse.a  zephyr/arch/arch/arm/core/mpu/libarch__arm__core__mpu.a  zephyr/lib/libc/picolibc/liblib__libc__picolibc.a  zephyr/lib/libc/common/liblib__libc__common.a  zephyr/soc/soc/arm/nordic_nrf/libsoc__arm__nordic_nrf.a  zephyr/subsys/timing/libsubsys__timing.a  zephyr/drivers/clock_control/libdrivers__clock_control.a  zephyr/drivers/console/libdrivers__console.a  zephyr/drivers/gpio/libdrivers__gpio.a  zephyr/drivers/mbox/libdrivers__mbox.a  zephyr/drivers/pinctrl/libdrivers__pinctrl.a  zephyr/drivers/regulator/libdrivers__regulator.a  zephyr/drivers/serial/libdrivers__serial.a  zephyr/drivers/timer/libdrivers__timer.a  modules/nrf/lib/sample_rate_converter/lib..__nrf__lib__sample_rate_converter.a  modules/nrf/drivers/hw_cc3xx/lib..__nrf__drivers__hw_cc3xx.a  modules/cmsis-dsp/libmodules__cmsis-dsp.a  modules/hal_nordic/nrfx/libmodules__hal_nordic__nrfx.a  modules/segger/libmodules__segger.a  -Wl,--no-whole-archive  zephyr/kernel/libkernel.a  -L"/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/thumb/v8-m.main/nofp"  -L/Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr  -lgcc  zephyr/arch/common/libisr_tables.a  -mcpu=cortex-m33  -mthumb  -mabi=aapcs  -mfp16-format=ieee  -mtp=soft  -Wl,--gc-sections  -Wl,--build-id=none  -Wl,--sort-common=descending  -Wl,--sort-section=alignment  -Wl,-u,_OffsetAbsSyms  -Wl,-u,_ConfigAbsSyms  -nostdlib  -static  -Wl,-X  -Wl,-N  -Wl,--orphan-handling=warn  -Wl,-no-pie  -DPICOLIBC_LONG_LONG_PRINTF_SCANF  /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.6.0/nrfxlib/crypto/nrf_cc312_platform/lib/cortex-m33/soft-float/no-interrupts/libnrf_cc312_platform_0.9.19.a  --specs=picolibc.specs  -lc  -lgcc && cd /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build/zephyr && /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/Cellar/cmake/3.21.0/bin/cmake -E true
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: app/libapp.a(cs47l63_comm.c.obj):(.rodata.spi+0x0): undefined reference to `__device_dts_ord_151'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
FATAL ERROR: command exited with status 1: /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/580e4ef81c/bin/cmake --build /Users/joaovitor/Documents/vscode-study/Tiresias/microphone_read/build

 *  The terminal process terminated with exit code: 1. 
 *  Terminal will be reused by tasks, press any key to close it. 

Besides the links you sent, I also found this video from Circuit Dojo on which he teaches how Zephyr finds the drives files when interfacing a sensor with the API. Telling it where to look as I am trying here is basically the same thing without the kconfig files.

Most of my trials were around the make files, changing the command that shows the related files. Except when I simply can't show the compiler the files I need, I have this same error in the log I sent.

[dejans]

Hi,

 You could have a look at the troubleshooting steps for devicetree error undefined reference to __device_dts_ord_<N> in the Zephyr documentation.

EDIT: You can find this answer: "The undefined reference to __device... is a generic problem that happens if you try to get a device pointer from a devicetree node if no such device exists." in this reported Zephyr issue.

Best regards,
Dejan

[Joao Colombari]

Hi, Dejans, 

Thanks for the reply.

I'll take my time to study this and also walk through my code again, so I'll close it here and try to get you a more structured question, if needed. 

Best regards,
João.