Hi there,
I am trying to interface SPH0465 microphone with nRF Dev Kit 52832 with the following configurations of I2S:
config.word_size = 24; config.channels = 1; config.format = I2S_FMT_DATA_FORMAT_I2S; config.options = I2S_OPT_BIT_CLK_SLAVE | I2S_OPT_FRAME_CLK_SLAVE; config.frame_clk_freq = 44100; // from the datasheet of microphone config.mem_slab = &mem_slab; config.block_size = BLOCK_SIZE; config.timeout = TIMEOUT;
I have followed the code from echo example in Zephyr samples. Here is what it looks like now:
/*
* Copyright (c) 2021 Nordic Semiconductor ASA
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
#include <zephyr/sys/printk.h>
#include <zephyr/drivers/i2s.h>
#include <zephyr/drivers/gpio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <zephyr/drivers/pwm.h>
#define I2S_RX_NODE DT_NODELABEL(i2s_rx)
#define SAMPLE_FREQUENCY 44100
#define SAMPLE_BIT_WIDTH 24
#define BYTES_PER_SAMPLE sizeof(int32_t)
#define NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS 1
/* Such block length provides an echo with the delay of 100 ms. */
#define SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK 1//((SAMPLE_FREQUENCY / 30) * NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS) //((SAMPLE_FREQUENCY / 30) * NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS)
#define INITIAL_BLOCKS 2
#define TIMEOUT 1000
// PWM DEFINES
static const struct pwm_dt_spec pwm_led0 = PWM_DT_SPEC_GET(DT_ALIAS(pwm_led0));
static const struct pwm_dt_spec pwm_led1 = PWM_DT_SPEC_GET(DT_ALIAS(pwm_led1));
#define BITCLK PWM_KHZ(4000U)
#define WORD_S PWM_HZ(62500U)
// // frequency for pwm1 module
// // Frequency: 4 MHz -> Period: 250 ns (1 / 4 MHz)
// // Duty cycle: 50% -> Pulse width: 125 ns
#define PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC PWM_NSEC(375U) // 250 nanoseconds for 4 MHz frequency
#define PULSE_WIDTH_PWM1_NSEC PWM_NSEC(PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC / 2U) // 50% duty cycle, so pulse width is half the period
// // frequency for pwm0 module
// // Frequency: 62,500 Hz -> Period: 16 µs (1 / 62500)
// // Duty cycle: 50% -> Pulse width: 8 µs
#define PERIOD_PWM0_NSEC PWM_NSEC(PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC * 64U) // 16 µs period for pwm1
#define PULSE_WIDTH_PWM0_NSEC PWM_NSEC(PERIOD_PWM0_NSEC / 2U) // 50% duty cycle = 8 µs pulse width
#define BLOCK_SIZE (BYTES_PER_SAMPLE * SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK)
#define BLOCK_COUNT (INITIAL_BLOCKS + 2)
K_MEM_SLAB_DEFINE_STATIC(mem_slab, BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_COUNT, 4);
static int32_t echo_block[SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK];
static volatile bool echo_enabled = false;
static K_SEM_DEFINE(toggle_transfer, 1, 1);
static void process_block_data(void *mem_block, uint32_t number_of_samples)
{
static bool clear_echo_block;
if (echo_enabled) {
for (int i = 0; i < number_of_samples; ++i) {
int32_t *sample = &((int32_t *)mem_block)[i];
*sample += echo_block[i];
echo_block[i] = (*sample) / 2;
}
clear_echo_block = true;
} else if (clear_echo_block) {
clear_echo_block = false;
memset(echo_block, 0, sizeof(echo_block));
}
}
static bool configure_streams(const struct device *i2s_dev_rx,
const struct i2s_config *config)
{
int ret;
ret = i2s_configure(i2s_dev_rx, I2S_DIR_RX, config);
if (ret < 0) {
printk("Failed to configure RX stream: %d\n", ret);
return false;
}
return true;
}
static bool trigger_command(const struct device *i2s_dev_rx,
enum i2s_trigger_cmd cmd)
{
int ret;
ret = i2s_trigger(i2s_dev_rx, I2S_DIR_RX, cmd);
if (ret < 0) {
printk("Failed to trigger command %d on RX: %d\n", cmd, ret);
return false;
}
return true;
}
int main(void)
{
uint32_t bclk_period;
uint32_t ws_period;
int ret1;
int ret2;
printk("Starting main thread\n\r");
if (!pwm_is_ready_dt(&pwm_led0)) {
printk("Error: PWM device %s is not ready\n",
pwm_led0.dev->name);
return 0;
}
if (!pwm_is_ready_dt(&pwm_led1)) {
printk("Error: PWM device %s is not ready\n",
pwm_led0.dev->name);
return 0;
}
bclk_period = BITCLK;
while (pwm_set_dt(&pwm_led0, PERIOD_PWM0_NSEC, PULSE_WIDTH_PWM0_NSEC )) {
bclk_period /= 2U;
printk("half bclk");
}
ws_period = WORD_S;
while (pwm_set_dt(&pwm_led1, PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC, PULSE_WIDTH_PWM1_NSEC )) {
ws_period /= 2U;
printk("half ws");
}
ws_period = WORD_S;
bclk_period = BITCLK;
const struct device *const i2s_dev_rx = DEVICE_DT_GET(I2S_RX_NODE);
// const struct device *const i2s_dev_tx = DEVICE_DT_GET(I2S_TX_NODE);
struct i2s_config config;
if (!device_is_ready(i2s_dev_rx)) {
printk("%s is not ready\n", i2s_dev_rx->name);
return 0;
}
// if (i2s_dev_rx != i2s_dev_tx && !device_is_ready(i2s_dev_tx)) {
// printk("%s is not ready\n", i2s_dev_tx->name);
// return 0;
// }
config.word_size = SAMPLE_BIT_WIDTH;
config.channels = NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS;
config.format = I2S_FMT_DATA_FORMAT_I2S;
config.options = I2S_OPT_BIT_CLK_SLAVE | I2S_OPT_FRAME_CLK_SLAVE;
config.frame_clk_freq = SAMPLE_FREQUENCY;
config.mem_slab = &mem_slab;
config.block_size = BLOCK_SIZE;
config.timeout = TIMEOUT;
// if (!configure_streams(i2s_dev_rx, i2s_dev_tx, &config)) {
if (!configure_streams(i2s_dev_rx, &config)) {
return 0;
}
printk("Streams and I2S configured\n");
for (;;) {
k_sem_take(&toggle_transfer, K_FOREVER);
if (!trigger_command(i2s_dev_rx,
I2S_TRIGGER_START)) {
return 0;
}
printk("Streams started\n");
while (k_sem_take(&toggle_transfer, K_NO_WAIT) != 0) {
void *mem_block;
uint32_t block_size;
int ret;
ret = i2s_read(i2s_dev_rx, &mem_block, &block_size);
if (ret < 0) {
printk("Failed to read data: %d\n", ret);
break;
}
unsigned int* value_ptr = (unsigned int*)mem_block;
unsigned int value = *value_ptr;
printk("Received audio data: %d\n", value);
process_block_data(mem_block, SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK);
}
if (!trigger_command(i2s_dev_rx,
I2S_TRIGGER_DROP)) {
return 0;
}
printk("Streams stopped\n");
}
while (1) {
ret1 = pwm_set_dt(&pwm_led0, PERIOD_PWM0_NSEC, PULSE_WIDTH_PWM0_NSEC );
if (ret1) {
printk("Error %d: failed to set pulse width\n", ret1);
return 0;
}
ret2 =pwm_set_dt(&pwm_led1, PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC, PULSE_WIDTH_PWM1_NSEC );
if (ret2) {
printk("Error %d: failed to set pulse width\n", ret2);
return 0;
}
}
}
And here is the overlay file I am using. This has definition for two PWM modules 0 and 1 with output channel 0 for each on pins 17 and 13, respectively. The I2S module is interfaced with SDIN - 0.26, SCK - 0.31, LRCK - 0.30:
/*
* Copyright (c) 2021 Nordic Semiconductor ASA
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
&pinctrl {
pwm0_custom: pwm0_custom {
group1 {
psels = <NRF_PSEL(PWM_OUT0, 0, 17)>;
nordic,invert;
};
};
pwm0_csleep: pwm0_csleep {
group1 {
psels = <NRF_PSEL(PWM_OUT0, 0, 17)>;
low-power-enable;
};
};
pwm1_custom: pwm1_custom {
group1 {
psels = <NRF_PSEL(PWM_OUT0, 0, 13)>;
nordic,invert;
};
};
pwm1_csleep: pwm1_csleep {
group1 {
psels = <NRF_PSEL(PWM_OUT0, 0, 13)>;
low-power-enable;
};
};
i2s0_default_alt: i2s0_default_alt {
group1 {
psels = <NRF_PSEL(I2S_SDIN, 0, 26)>,
<NRF_PSEL(I2S_SCK_S, 0, 31)>,
<NRF_PSEL(I2S_LRCK_S, 0, 30)>;
};
};
i2s0_sleep: i2s0_sleep {
group1 {
psels = <NRF_PSEL(I2S_SDIN, 0, 26)>,
<NRF_PSEL(I2S_SCK_S, 0, 31)>,
<NRF_PSEL(I2S_LRCK_S, 0, 30)>;
low-power-enable;
};
};
};
i2s_rx: &i2s0 {
status = "okay";
pinctrl-0 = <&i2s0_default_alt>;
pinctrl-names = "default";
};
&pwm0 {
status = "okay";
pinctrl-0 = <&pwm0_custom>;
pinctrl-1 = <&pwm0_csleep>;
pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
};
&pwm1 {
status = "okay";
pinctrl-0 = <&pwm1_custom>;
pinctrl-1 = <&pwm1_csleep>;
pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep";
};
/{
pwmleds {
compatible = "pwm-leds";
pwm_led0: pwm_led_0 {
// pwms = <&pwm0 0 PWM_MSEC(20) PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL>;
pwms = <&pwm0 0 PWM_NSEC(250) PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL>;
};
pwm_led1: pwm_led_1 {
// pwms = <&pwm1 0 PWM_MSEC(20) PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL>;
pwms = <&pwm1 0 PWM_NSEC(250) PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL>;
};
};
aliases {
pwm-led0 = &pwm_led0;
pwm-led1 = &pwm_led1;
};
};
There are no compilation errors but as I run the program, here is the output log:
*** Booting nRF Connect SDK v2.7.99-cs1-23a9baf2aed6 *** *** Using Zephyr OS v3.6.99-28b6861211d2 *** Starting main thread [00:00:00.492,156] <dbg> pwm_nrfx: pwm_nrfx_set_cycles: channel 0, pulse 192, period 384, prescaler: 0. [00:00:00.502,441] <dbg> pwm_nrfx: pwm_nrfx_set_cycles: channel 0, pulse 2, period 6, prescaler: 0. Streams and I2S configured Streams started Received audio data: 2621440 Received audio data: 825280 [00:00:00.620,788] <err> i2s_nrfx: Failed to allocate next RX buffer: -12 Received audio data: 890048 Received audio data: 688832 Failed to read data: -5 Streams stopped
Any advice on how to allocate the next RX buffer location will be appreciated.
Umer
Update: I was able to resolve the re-allocation error by rewriting the software main.c in the following way. The worker thread now keeps freeing the space after reading the data from I2S microphone.
/*
* Copyright (c) 2021 Nordic Semiconductor ASA
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
#include <zephyr/sys/printk.h>
#include <zephyr/drivers/i2s.h>
#include <zephyr/drivers/gpio.h>
#include <zephyr/logging/log.h>
#include <zephyr/logging/log_ctrl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <zephyr/drivers/pwm.h>
LOG_MODULE_REGISTER(MODULE, 3);
#define I2S_RX_NODE DT_NODELABEL(i2s_rx)
#define SAMPLE_FREQUENCY 44100
#define SAMPLE_BIT_WIDTH 24
#define BYTES_PER_SAMPLE sizeof(int32_t)
#define NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS 1
// #define SAMPLES_PER_BLOCK ((SAMPLE_FREQUENCY / 200) * NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS)
#define INITIAL_BLOCKS 2
#define TIMEOUT 2000
// size of a block for .3 ms of audio data
#define BLOCK_SIZE(_sample_rate, _number_of_channels) \
(BYTES_PER_SAMPLE * (_sample_rate / 200) * _number_of_channels)
/* Driver will allocate blocks from this slab to receive audio data into them.
* Application, after getting a given block from the driver and processing its
* data, needs to free that block.
*/
#define MAX_BLOCK_SIZE BLOCK_SIZE(SAMPLE_FREQUENCY, 1)
#define BLOCK_COUNT 20
K_MEM_SLAB_DEFINE_STATIC(mem_slab, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_COUNT, 4);
// PWM DEFINES
static const struct pwm_dt_spec pwm_led0 = PWM_DT_SPEC_GET(DT_ALIAS(pwm_led0));
static const struct pwm_dt_spec pwm_led1 = PWM_DT_SPEC_GET(DT_ALIAS(pwm_led1));
// #define BITCLK PWM_KHZ(4000U)
// #define WORD_S PWM_HZ(62500U)
// // frequency for pwm1 module
// // Frequency: 4 MHz -> Period: 250 ns (1 / 4 MHz)
// // Duty cycle: 50% -> Pulse width: 125 ns
#define PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC PWM_NSEC(375U) // 250 nanoseconds for 4 MHz frequency
#define PULSE_WIDTH_PWM1_NSEC PWM_NSEC(PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC / 2U) // 50% duty cycle, so pulse width is half the period
// // frequency for pwm0 module
// // Frequency: 62,500 Hz -> Period: 16 µs (1 / 62500)
// // Duty cycle: 50% -> Pulse width: 8 µs
#define PERIOD_PWM0_NSEC PWM_NSEC(PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC * 64U) // 16 µs period for pwm1
#define PULSE_WIDTH_PWM0_NSEC PWM_NSEC(PERIOD_PWM0_NSEC / 2U) // 50% duty cycle = 8 µs pulse width
K_THREAD_STACK_DEFINE(recording_thread_stack, 20000);
static const struct device *mic = DEVICE_DT_GET(I2S_RX_NODE);
static K_SEM_DEFINE(enable_recording, 1, 1);
static bool recording_active=false;
static struct k_thread recording_thread;
static k_tid_t worker_thread_id ;
void mic_worker_thread(void *p1, void *p2, void *p3) ;
int ret;
// configuration of the i2s module and trigger prepare of the receiving part
void recording_init() {
if (!device_is_ready(mic)) {
LOG_INF("Microphone device is not supported : %s", mic->name);
return;
}
struct i2s_config config;
config.word_size = SAMPLE_BIT_WIDTH;
config.channels = NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS;
config.format = I2S_FMT_DATA_FORMAT_I2S;
config.options = I2S_OPT_BIT_CLK_SLAVE | I2S_OPT_FRAME_CLK_SLAVE;
config.frame_clk_freq = SAMPLE_FREQUENCY;
config.mem_slab = &mem_slab;
config.block_size = BLOCK_SIZE(SAMPLE_FREQUENCY, NUMBER_OF_CHANNELS);
config.timeout = TIMEOUT;
int err = i2s_configure(mic, I2S_DIR_RX, &config);
i2s_trigger(mic, I2S_DIR_RX, I2S_TRIGGER_PREPARE);
k_sleep(K_MSEC(100));
if (err < 0) {
LOG_ERR("Failed to initialize Microphone (%d)", err);
return;
}
k_sem_take(&enable_recording, K_FOREVER);
LOG_INF("Recording module initialized");
worker_thread_id = k_thread_create(&recording_thread, recording_thread_stack,
K_THREAD_STACK_SIZEOF(recording_thread_stack),
mic_worker_thread,
NULL, NULL, NULL,
4, 0, K_NO_WAIT);
}
// trigger for receiving
void start_recording() {
recording_active = true;
// Initialize file for recording.
int ret = i2s_trigger(mic, I2S_DIR_RX, I2S_TRIGGER_START);
if (ret) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to configure trigger start for I2S bus (%d)", ret);
return;
}
k_sem_give(&enable_recording);
}
// triggering to stop recording
void stop_recording() {
recording_active = false;
LOG_INF("Stopping recording");
int ret = i2s_trigger(mic, I2S_DIR_RX, I2S_TRIGGER_STOP);
if (ret) {
LOG_ERR("Unable to stop trigger for I2S bus (%d)", ret);
}
k_sem_take(&enable_recording, K_FOREVER);
}
void mic_worker_thread(void *p1, void *p2, void *p3) {
LOG_INF("Worker thread started");
void* rx_buffer;
size_t bytes_read;
while (k_sem_take(&enable_recording, K_FOREVER) == 0) {
bytes_read=0;
int ret=0;
if (k_mem_slab_alloc(&mem_slab, &rx_buffer, K_MSEC(500)) == 0) {
ret = i2s_read(mic, &rx_buffer, &bytes_read);
if (ret < 0) {
if ( ret != -5) {
LOG_INF("Worker thread error (%d)\r\n", ret);
}
} else {
LOG_INF(" raw rx: %d - Received %d bytes => %d samples ", ((uint32_t *)rx_buffer)[0], bytes_read, bytes_read / sizeof(uint32_t));
}
k_mem_slab_free(&mem_slab, &rx_buffer);
}
k_sem_give(&enable_recording);
}
LOG_INF("Worker thread ended");
}
int main(void)
{
int ret1;
int ret2;
LOG_INF("Starting main thread\n\r");
recording_init();
if (!pwm_is_ready_dt(&pwm_led0)) {
printk("Error: PWM device %s is not ready\n",
pwm_led0.dev->name);
return 0;
}
if (!pwm_is_ready_dt(&pwm_led1)) {
printk("Error: PWM device %s is not ready\n",
pwm_led0.dev->name);
return 0;
}
// enabling PWM signals for both modules
ret1 = pwm_set_dt(&pwm_led0, PERIOD_PWM0_NSEC, PERIOD_PWM0_NSEC / 2U);
if (ret1) {
printk("Error %d: failed to set pulse width\n", ret1);
return 0;
}
ret2 = pwm_set_dt(&pwm_led1, PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC, PERIOD_PWM1_NSEC / 2U);
if (ret2) {
printk("Error %d: failed to set pulse width\n", ret2);
return 0;
}
while(1){
LOG_INF("Start recording again\r\n");
start_recording();
k_sleep(K_MSEC(5000));
LOG_INF("Stop recording again\r\n");
stop_recording();
k_sleep(K_MSEC(5000));
}
}
The issue I face now is still an err=-5 but it states Unable to Stop Trigger for I2S bus and Unable to configure trigger start for I2S bus, after receiving one batch of data.
*** Booting nRF Connect SDK v2.7.99-cs1-23a9baf2aed6 *** *** Using Zephyr OS v3.6.99-28b6861211d2 *** [00:00:00.270,050] <inf> MODULE: Starting main thread [00:00:00.376,037] <inf> MODULE: Recording module initialized [00:00:00.382,507] <dbg> pwm_nrfx: pwm_nrfx_set_cycles: channel 0, pulse 192, period 384, prescaler: 0. [00:00:00.392,791] <dbg> pwm_nrfx: pwm_nrfx_set_cycles: channel 0, pulse 2, period 6, prescaler: 0. [00:00:00.402,679] <inf> MODULE: Start recording again [00:00:00.408,721] <inf> MODULE: Worker thread started [00:00:00.414,550] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: 0 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:00.422,760] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: -391232 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:00.431,488] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: -65024 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:00.440,155] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: 272768 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:00.461,608] <err> i2s_nrfx: No room in RX queue [00:00:00.482,696] <err> i2s_nrfx: No room in RX queue [00:00:00.448,822] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: 536893704 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:00.499,938] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: 610176 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:00.508,575] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: 536893704 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:00.517,456] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: 536893704 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:00.526,336] <inf> MODULE: raw rx: 793344 - Received 880 bytes => 220 samples [00:00:05.408,752] <inf> MODULE: Stop recording again [00:00:05.414,642] <inf> MODULE: Stopping recording [00:00:05.420,166] <err> MODULE: Unable to stop trigger for I2S bus (-5) [00:00:10.427,947] <inf> MODULE: Start recording again [00:00:10.433,929] <err> MODULE: Unable to configure trigger start for I2S bus (-5) [00:00:15.442,657] <inf> MODULE: Stop recording again [00:00:15.448,547] <inf> MODULE: Stopping recording [00:00:15.454,071] <err> MODULE: Unable to stop trigger for I2S bus (-5)
