Error in Cellular IoT Fundamentals Course Lesson 3 Exercise 1 - Project will not build. Solution provided includes CONFIG_POSIX_API=y in prj.conf which is not mentioned in the tutorial.

I have followed the instructions in the DevAcademy Cellular IoT Fundamentals Lesson 3 Exercise 1 exactly, (whilist filling in the gaps from the cloned cell-fund repo) and I receive build errors after configuring the build configuration file and attempting to build the project. All build errors seem to be related to the socket API fxns. 

One thing I have noticed is that the solution code has CONFIG_POSIX_API=y included in the application configuration file (prj.conf) but this is never mentioned in the tutorial walk through. I am able to build the l3_e1_sol project fine, but when I run the example, my nRF9151DK never log prints the 'Data received...' message. Which makes me think that this example is not working properly.

I suspect this project doesn't work (server never recevies message) when CONFIG_POSIX_API=y is set, because the socket offloading is not working properly and thus the BSD socket fxn calls are using the traditional BSD socket library.

Attempted solution:

  • I have tried using the verbose prefixed  'z_sock...' socket functions and not including the CONFIG_POSIX_API=y config line. The project builds now, but the server still never prints the log 'data recevied ....'

Context Info:

  • nRF Connect SDK v2.9.99
  • nRF Connect Toolchain v2.9.1
  • cell-fund repo main branch cloned - most recent commit: 0c9ab78441ecda47650d3be45011d9274880bbcc
  • Visual Studio Code v1.98.2
  • Ubuntu 24.04.1  on x86_64 
  • Hardware : 
    • Device: nRF9151DK
    • Hardware Version: 0.9.0

Log of failed build (exact copy of solution code without CONFIG_POSIX_API=y in prj.conf):

 *  Executing task: nRF Connect: Build [pristine]: l3_e1/build (active) 

Building l3_e1
west build --build-dir /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1 --pristine --board nrf9151dk/nrf9151/ns --sysbuild -- -DNCS_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=NONE -DCONF_FILE=prj.conf

-- west build: generating a build system
Loading Zephyr module(s) (Zephyr base): sysbuild_default
-- Found Python3: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/usr/local/bin/python3.12 (found suitable version "3.12.4", minimum required is "3.10") found components: Interpreter 
-- Cache files will be written to: /home/devin/.cache/zephyr
-- Found west (found suitable version "1.2.0", minimum required is "0.14.0")
-- Board: nrf9151dk, qualifiers: nrf9151/ns
Parsing /home/devin/ncs/zephyr/share/sysbuild/Kconfig
Loaded configuration '/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/_sysbuild/empty.conf'
Merged configuration '/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/_sysbuild/empty.conf'
Configuration saved to '/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/zephyr/.config'
Kconfig header saved to '/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/_sysbuild/autoconf.h'
-- 
   ***************************
   * Running CMake for l3_e1 *
   ***************************

Loading Zephyr default modules (Zephyr base).
-- Application: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1
-- CMake version: 3.21.0
-- Found Python3: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/usr/local/bin/python (found suitable version "3.12.4", minimum required is "3.10") found components: Interpreter 
-- Cache files will be written to: /home/devin/.cache/zephyr
-- Zephyr version: 4.0.99 (/home/devin/ncs/zephyr)
-- Found west (found suitable version "1.2.0", minimum required is "0.14.0")
-- Board: nrf9151dk, qualifiers: nrf9151/ns
-- Found host-tools: zephyr 0.17.0 (/home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/opt/zephyr-sdk)
-- Found toolchain: zephyr 0.17.0 (/home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/opt/zephyr-sdk)
-- Found Dtc: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/usr/bin/dtc (found suitable version "1.5.0", minimum required is "1.4.6") 
-- Found BOARD.dts: /home/devin/ncs/zephyr/boards/nordic/nrf9151dk/nrf9151dk_nrf9151_ns.dts
-- Generated zephyr.dts: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/zephyr.dts
-- Generated pickled edt: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/edt.pickle
-- Generated zephyr.dts: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/zephyr.dts
-- Generated devicetree_generated.h: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/devicetree_generated.h
-- Including generated dts.cmake file: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/dts.cmake
Parsing /home/devin/ncs/zephyr/Kconfig
Loaded configuration '/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/boards/nordic/nrf9151dk/nrf9151dk_nrf9151_ns_defconfig'
Merged configuration '/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/prj.conf'
Merged configuration '/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/.config.sysbuild'
Configuration saved to '/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/.config'
Kconfig header saved to '/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/autoconf.h'
-- Found GnuLd: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd (found version "2.38") 
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
-- Found assembler: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/arm-zephyr-eabi-gcc
=========== Generating psa_crypto_config ===============
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_SPM: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_KEY_ID_ENCODES_OWNER: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_SETUP_TEARDOWN_ALT: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_THREADING: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_THREADING_ALT: False
=========== Checkpoint: backup ===============
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_SPM: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_KEY_ID_ENCODES_OWNER: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_SETUP_TEARDOWN_ALT: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_THREADING: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_THREADING_ALT: False
=========== End psa_crypto_config ===============
=========== Generating psa_crypto_library_config ===============
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_KEY_ID_ENCODES_OWNER: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_SPM: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO: True
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_PRINTF_ALT: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_THREADING: False
Backup: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_THREADING_ALT: False
=========== Checkpoint: backup ===============
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_C: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_KEY_ID_ENCODES_OWNER: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_SPM: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO: True
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_PLATFORM_PRINTF_ALT: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_THREADING: False
Restore: CONFIG_MBEDTLS_THREADING_ALT: False
=========== End psa_crypto_library_config ===============
-- Using ccache: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/usr/bin/ccache
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1
Dropping partition 'nrf_modem_lib_trace' since its size is 0.
Dropping partition 'nonsecure_storage' since it is empty.
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build
-- west build: building application
[1/289] Preparing syscall dependency handling

[6/289] Generating include/generated/zephyr/version.h
-- Zephyr version: 4.0.99 (/home/devin/ncs/zephyr), build: v3.7.99-ncs2-rc1-8095-g8dbca43a6a9d
[12/289] Generating ../../tfm/CMakeCache.txt
-- Found Git: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/usr/local/bin/git (found version "2.37.3") 
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
-- Found assembler: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/arm-zephyr-eabi-gcc
-- Found Python3: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/usr/local/bin/python (found version "3.12.4") found components: Interpreter 
-- Found Python3: /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/usr/local/bin/python (found suitable version "3.12.4", minimum required is "3.10") found components: Interpreter 
-- Cache files will be written to: /home/devin/.cache/zephyr
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/tfm
[135/139] Linking C executable bin/tfm_s.axf
Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used
           FLASH:       32092 B        32 KB     97.94%
             RAM:       10404 B        32 KB     31.75%
[19/289] Performing install step for 'tfm'
-- Install configuration: "MinSizeRel"
----- Installing platform NS -----
[282/289] Building C object CMakeFiles/app.dir/src/main.c.obj
FAILED: CMakeFiles/app.dir/src/main.c.obj 
ccache /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/arm-zephyr-eabi-gcc -DKERNEL -DK_HEAP_MEM_POOL_SIZE=4096 -DMBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE=\"nrf-config.h\" -DMBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CONFIG_FILE=\"nrf-psa-crypto-config.h\" -DNRF9120_XXAA -DNRF_SKIP_FICR_NS_COPY_TO_RAM -DNRF_TRUSTZONE_NONSECURE -DPICOLIBC_LONG_LONG_PRINTF_SCANF -DTFM_PSA_API -DUSE_PARTITION_MANAGER=1 -D__LINUX_ERRNO_EXTENSIONS__ -D__PROGRAM_START -D__ZEPHYR__=1 -I/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr -I/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/include -I/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/include/generated -I/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/soc/nordic -I/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/soc/nordic/nrf91/. -I/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/soc/nordic/common/. -I/home/devin/ncs/nrf/include -I/home/devin/ncs/nrf/lib/at_parser/include -I/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/tfm/api_ns/interface/include -I/home/devin/ncs/nrf/modules/trusted-firmware-m/. -I/home/devin/ncs/nrf/include/tfm -I/home/devin/ncs/nrf/tests/include -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/hal/cmsis/CMSIS/Core/Include -I/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/modules/cmsis/. -I/home/devin/ncs/nrf/modules/hal_nordic/. -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/hal/nordic/nrfx -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/hal/nordic/nrfx/drivers/include -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/hal/nordic/nrfx/mdk -I/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/modules/hal_nordic/nrfx/. -I/home/devin/ncs/nrfxlib/nrf_modem/include -I/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/generated/interface_nrf_security_psa -I/home/devin/ncs/nrf/subsys/nrf_security/include -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/crypto/oberon-psa-crypto/include -I/home/devin/ncs/nrf/subsys/nrf_security/src/utils -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/crypto/oberon-psa-crypto/library -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/crypto/mbedtls/library -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/crypto/mbedtls/include -I/home/devin/ncs/modules/crypto/mbedtls/include/library -I/home/devin/ncs/nrfxlib/crypto/nrf_oberon/include -I/home/devin/ncs/nrfxlib/crypto/nrf_oberon/include/mbedtls -isystem /home/devin/ncs/zephyr/lib/libc/common/include -fno-strict-aliasing -Os -imacros /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/autoconf.h -fno-printf-return-value -fno-common -g -gdwarf-4 -fdiagnostics-color=always -mcpu=cortex-m33 -mthumb -mabi=aapcs -mfp16-format=ieee -mtp=soft --sysroot=/home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/arm-zephyr-eabi -imacros /home/devin/ncs/zephyr/include/zephyr/toolchain/zephyr_stdint.h -Wall -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wno-format-zero-length -Wdouble-promotion -Wno-pointer-sign -Wpointer-arith -Wexpansion-to-defined -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -Werror=implicit-int -fno-pic -fno-pie -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -ftls-model=local-exec -fno-reorder-functions --param=min-pagesize=0 -fno-defer-pop -fmacro-prefix-map=/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1=CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR -fmacro-prefix-map=/home/devin/ncs/zephyr=ZEPHYR_BASE -fmacro-prefix-map=/home/devin/ncs=WEST_TOPDIR -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -specs=picolibc.specs -std=c99 -MD -MT CMakeFiles/app.dir/src/main.c.obj -MF CMakeFiles/app.dir/src/main.c.obj.d -o CMakeFiles/app.dir/src/main.c.obj -c /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c: In function 'server_resolve':
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:10: error: variable 'hints' has initializer but incomplete type
   43 |   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET, .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM};
      |          ^~~~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:29: error: 'struct addrinfo' has no member named 'ai_family'
   43 |   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET, .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM};
      |                             ^~~~~~~~~
In file included from /home/devin/ncs/zephyr/include/zephyr/net/socket.h:31,
                 from /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:16:
/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/include/zephyr/net/net_ip.h:45:25: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
   45 | #define PF_INET         1          /**< IP protocol family version 4. */
      |                         ^
/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/include/zephyr/net/net_ip.h:55:24: note: in expansion of macro 'PF_INET'
   55 | #define AF_INET        PF_INET     /**< IP protocol family version 4. */
      |                        ^~~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:41: note: in expansion of macro 'AF_INET'
   43 |   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET, .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM};
      |                                         ^~~~~~~
/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/include/zephyr/net/net_ip.h:45:25: note: (near initialization for 'hints')
   45 | #define PF_INET         1          /**< IP protocol family version 4. */
      |                         ^
/home/devin/ncs/zephyr/include/zephyr/net/net_ip.h:55:24: note: in expansion of macro 'PF_INET'
   55 | #define AF_INET        PF_INET     /**< IP protocol family version 4. */
      |                        ^~~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:41: note: in expansion of macro 'AF_INET'
   43 |   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET, .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM};
      |                                         ^~~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:51: error: 'struct addrinfo' has no member named 'ai_socktype'
   43 |   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET, .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM};
      |                                                   ^~~~~~~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:65: warning: excess elements in struct initializer
   43 |   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET, .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM};
      |                                                                 ^~~~~~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:65: note: (near initialization for 'hints')
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:19: error: storage size of 'hints' isn't known
   43 |   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET, .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM};
      |                   ^~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:45:9: warning: implicit declaration of function 'getaddrinfo'; did you mean 'net_addr_ntop'? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
   45 |   err = getaddrinfo(SERVER_HOSTNAME, SERVER_PORT, &hints, &result);
      |         ^~~~~~~~~~~
      |         net_addr_ntop
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:59:36: error: invalid use of undefined type 'struct addrinfo'
   59 |       ((struct sockaddr_in *)result->ai_addr)->sin_addr.s_addr;
      |                                    ^~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:61:52: error: invalid use of undefined type 'struct addrinfo'
   61 |   server4->sin_port = ((struct sockaddr_in *)result->ai_addr)->sin_port;
      |                                                    ^~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:65:3: warning: implicit declaration of function 'inet_ntop' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
   65 |   inet_ntop(AF_INET, &server4->sin_addr.s_addr, ipv4_addr, sizeof(ipv4_addr));
      |   ^~~~~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:69:3: warning: implicit declaration of function 'freeaddrinfo'; did you mean 'zsock_freeaddrinfo'? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
   69 |   freeaddrinfo(result);
      |   ^~~~~~~~~~~~
      |   zsock_freeaddrinfo
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:43:19: warning: unused variable 'hints' [-Wunused-variable]
   43 |   struct addrinfo hints = {.ai_family = AF_INET, .ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM};
      |                   ^~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c: In function 'server_connect':
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:77:10: warning: implicit declaration of function 'socket' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
   77 |   sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
      |          ^~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:84:9: warning: implicit declaration of function 'connect' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
   84 |   err = connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
      |         ^~~~~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c: In function 'button_handler':
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:147:17: warning: implicit declaration of function 'send' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
  147 |       int err = send(sock, MESSAGE_TO_SEND, SSTRLEN(MESSAGE_TO_SEND), 0);
      |                 ^~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c: In function 'main':
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:190:16: warning: implicit declaration of function 'recv' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
  190 |     received = recv(sock, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf) - 1, 0);
      |                ^~~~
/home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/src/main.c:203:9: warning: implicit declaration of function 'close'; did you mean 'fclose'? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
  203 |   (void)close(sock);
      |         ^~~~~
      |         fclose
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
FAILED: _sysbuild/sysbuild/images/l3_e1-prefix/src/l3_e1-stamp/l3_e1-build /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/_sysbuild/sysbuild/images/l3_e1-prefix/src/l3_e1-stamp/l3_e1-build 
cd /home/devin/mmci/nordic/cell-fund/v2.9.0-v2.7.0/l3/l3_e1/build/l3_e1 && /home/devin/ncs/toolchains/b77d8c1312/usr/local/bin/cmake --build .
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

Serial terminal output after including CONFIG_POSIX_API=y (successful build, but I think offloading is not working):

*** Booting nRF Connect SDK v2.9.99-49c263509c74 ***
*** Using Zephyr OS v4.0.99-8dbca43a6a9d ***
[00:00:00.395,385] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: Initializing modem library
[00:00:00.661,010] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: Connecting to LTE network
[00:00:02.357,116] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: RRC mode: Connected
[00:00:02.696,838] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: RRC mode: Idle
[00:00:13.335,144] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: RRC mode: Connected
[00:00:20.396,331] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: Network registration status: Connected - roaming
[00:00:20.396,423] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: Connected to LTE network
[00:00:20.838,226] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: IPv4 Address found 20.82.16.164
[00:00:20.838,714] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: Successfully connected to server
[00:00:20.838,714] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: Press button 1 on your DK or Thingy:91 to send your message
[00:00:27.061,096] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: Successfully sent message: Hi from nRF91 Series device
[00:00:37.258,056] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: RRC mode: Idle
[00:00:53.547,271] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: Successfully sent message: Hi from nRF91 Series device
[00:00:53.636,779] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: RRC mode: Connected
[00:01:04.122,222] <inf> Lesson3_Exercise1: RRC mode: Idle

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