Hello, please help. I want to use nrf54L15 to connect to Bluetooth devices (Bluetooth headsets or other Bluetooth devices) and test the throughput between them. Is there any related routine?
I use the following routine to connect to GATT. Based on this routine, you can connect to any LE device, not necessarily the development board.The version is 2.9.0.
I am glad to receive the modified reply, thank you. I would like to know if there is an example that can directly connect to the BLE device and test throughput .
First, according to the sample, I modified his connection method using the following functionFirst, use the device found() function to find Bluetooth devices with rssi greater than -50. The core function is (void)bt_addr_le_to_str(addr, addr_str, sizeof(addr_str));
After finding it, use the bt_le_scan_stop() function to stop scanning, and then use bt_conn_le_create(addr, BT_CONN_LE_CREATE_CONN, BT_LE_CONN_PARAM_DEFAULT, &default_conn); to create a connection. I can also scan the surrounding devices and establish a connection using this method,
but I changed the nus service to the gatt service, but it shows an error in the detection. The following are related pictures and source code.
/*
* Copyright (c) 2018 Nordic Semiconductor ASA
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Nordic-5-Clause
*/
/** @file
* @brief Nordic UART Service Client sample
*/
#include <errno.h>
#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
#include <zephyr/device.h>
#include <zephyr/devicetree.h>
#include <zephyr/sys/byteorder.h>
#include <zephyr/sys/printk.h>
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/bluetooth.h>
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/hci.h>
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/conn.h>
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/uuid.h>
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/gatt.h>
#include <bluetooth/services/nus.h>
#include <bluetooth/services/nus_client.h>
#include <bluetooth/gatt_dm.h>
#include <bluetooth/scan.h>
#include <zephyr/settings/settings.h>
#include <zephyr/drivers/uart.h>
#include <zephyr/logging/log.h>
#define LOG_MODULE_NAME central_uart
LOG_MODULE_REGISTER(LOG_MODULE_NAME);
/* UART payload buffer element size. */
#define UART_BUF_SIZE 20
#define KEY_PASSKEY_ACCEPT DK_BTN1_MSK
#define KEY_PASSKEY_REJECT DK_BTN2_MSK
#define NUS_WRITE_TIMEOUT K_MSEC(150)
#define UART_WAIT_FOR_BUF_DELAY K_MSEC(50)
#define UART_RX_TIMEOUT 50000 /* Wait for RX complete event time in microseconds. */
static const struct device *uart = DEVICE_DT_GET(DT_CHOSEN(nordic_nus_uart));
static struct k_work_delayable uart_work;
K_SEM_DEFINE(nus_write_sem, 0, 1);
struct uart_data_t {
void *fifo_reserved;
uint8_t data[UART_BUF_SIZE];
uint16_t len;
};
static K_FIFO_DEFINE(fifo_uart_tx_data);
static K_FIFO_DEFINE(fifo_uart_rx_data);
static struct bt_conn *default_conn;
static struct bt_nus_client nus_client;
static void ble_data_sent(struct bt_nus_client *nus, uint8_t err,
const uint8_t *const data, uint16_t len)
{
ARG_UNUSED(nus);
ARG_UNUSED(data);
ARG_UNUSED(len);
k_sem_give(&nus_write_sem);
if (err) {
LOG_WRN("ATT error code: 0x%02X", err);
}
}
static uint8_t ble_data_received(struct bt_nus_client *nus,
const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
{
ARG_UNUSED(nus);
int err;
for (uint16_t pos = 0; pos != len;) {
struct uart_data_t *tx = k_malloc(sizeof(*tx));
if (!tx) {
LOG_WRN("Not able to allocate UART send data buffer");
return BT_GATT_ITER_CONTINUE;
}
/* Keep the last byte of TX buffer for potential LF char. */
size_t tx_data_size = sizeof(tx->data) - 1;
if ((len - pos) > tx_data_size) {
tx->len = tx_data_size;
} else {
tx->len = (len - pos);
}
memcpy(tx->data, &data[pos], tx->len);
pos += tx->len;
/* Append the LF character when the CR character triggered
* transmission from the peer.
*/
if ((pos == len) && (data[len - 1] == '\r')) {
tx->data[tx->len] = '\n';
tx->len++;
}
err = uart_tx(uart, tx->data, tx->len, SYS_FOREVER_MS);
if (err) {
k_fifo_put(&fifo_uart_tx_data, tx);
}
}
return BT_GATT_ITER_CONTINUE;
}
static void uart_cb(const struct device *dev, struct uart_event *evt, void *user_data)
{
ARG_UNUSED(dev);
static size_t aborted_len;
struct uart_data_t *buf;
static uint8_t *aborted_buf;
static bool disable_req;
switch (evt->type) {
case UART_TX_DONE:
LOG_DBG("UART_TX_DONE");
if ((evt->data.tx.len == 0) ||
(!evt->data.tx.buf)) {
return;
}
if (aborted_buf) {
buf = CONTAINER_OF(aborted_buf, struct uart_data_t,
data[0]);
aborted_buf = NULL;
aborted_len = 0;
} else {
buf = CONTAINER_OF(evt->data.tx.buf,
struct uart_data_t,
data[0]);
}
k_free(buf);
buf = k_fifo_get(&fifo_uart_tx_data, K_NO_WAIT);
if (!buf) {
return;
}
if (uart_tx(uart, buf->data, buf->len, SYS_FOREVER_MS)) {
LOG_WRN("Failed to send data over UART");
}
break;
case UART_RX_RDY:
LOG_DBG("UART_RX_RDY");
buf = CONTAINER_OF(evt->data.rx.buf, struct uart_data_t, data[0]);
buf->len += evt->data.rx.len;
if (disable_req) {
return;
}
if ((evt->data.rx.buf[buf->len - 1] == '\n') ||
(evt->data.rx.buf[buf->len - 1] == '\r')) {
disable_req = true;
uart_rx_disable(uart);
}
break;
case UART_RX_DISABLED:
LOG_DBG("UART_RX_DISABLED");
disable_req = false;
buf = k_malloc(sizeof(*buf));
if (buf) {
buf->len = 0;
} else {
LOG_WRN("Not able to allocate UART receive buffer");
k_work_reschedule(&uart_work, UART_WAIT_FOR_BUF_DELAY);
return;
}
uart_rx_enable(uart, buf->data, sizeof(buf->data),
UART_RX_TIMEOUT);
break;
case UART_RX_BUF_REQUEST:
LOG_DBG("UART_RX_BUF_REQUEST");
buf = k_malloc(sizeof(*buf));
if (buf) {
buf->len = 0;
uart_rx_buf_rsp(uart, buf->data, sizeof(buf->data));
} else {
LOG_WRN("Not able to allocate UART receive buffer");
}
break;
case UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED:
LOG_DBG("UART_RX_BUF_RELEASED");
buf = CONTAINER_OF(evt->data.rx_buf.buf, struct uart_data_t,
data[0]);
if (buf->len > 0) {
k_fifo_put(&fifo_uart_rx_data, buf);
} else {
k_free(buf);
}
break;
case UART_TX_ABORTED:
LOG_DBG("UART_TX_ABORTED");
if (!aborted_buf) {
aborted_buf = (uint8_t *)evt->data.tx.buf;
}
aborted_len += evt->data.tx.len;
buf = CONTAINER_OF(aborted_buf, struct uart_data_t,
data[0]);
uart_tx(uart, &buf->data[aborted_len],
buf->len - aborted_len, SYS_FOREVER_MS);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
static void uart_work_handler(struct k_work *item)
{
struct uart_data_t *buf;
buf = k_malloc(sizeof(*buf));
if (buf) {
buf->len = 0;
} else {
LOG_WRN("Not able to allocate UART receive buffer");
k_work_reschedule(&uart_work, UART_WAIT_FOR_BUF_DELAY);
return;
}
uart_rx_enable(uart, buf->data, sizeof(buf->data), UART_RX_TIMEOUT);
}
static int uart_init(void)
{
int err;
struct uart_data_t *rx;
if (!device_is_ready(uart)) {
LOG_ERR("UART device not ready");
return -ENODEV;
}
rx = k_malloc(sizeof(*rx));
if (rx) {
rx->len = 0;
} else {
return -ENOMEM;
}
k_work_init_delayable(&uart_work, uart_work_handler);
err = uart_callback_set(uart, uart_cb, NULL);
if (err) {
return err;
}
return uart_rx_enable(uart, rx->data, sizeof(rx->data),
UART_RX_TIMEOUT);
}
static void discovery_complete(struct bt_gatt_dm *dm,
void *context)
{
struct bt_nus_client *nus = context;
LOG_INF("Service discovery completed");
bt_gatt_dm_data_print(dm);
bt_nus_handles_assign(dm, nus);
bt_nus_subscribe_receive(nus);
bt_gatt_dm_data_release(dm);
}
static void discovery_service_not_found(struct bt_conn *conn,
void *context)
{
LOG_INF("Service not found");
}
static void discovery_error(struct bt_conn *conn,
int err,
void *context)
{
LOG_WRN("Error while discovering GATT database: (%d)", err);
}
struct bt_gatt_dm_cb discovery_cb = {
.completed = discovery_complete,
.service_not_found = discovery_service_not_found,
.error_found = discovery_error,
};
static void gatt_discover(struct bt_conn *conn)
{
int err;
if (conn != default_conn) {
return;
}
err = bt_gatt_dm_start(conn,
BT_UUID_GATT,
&discovery_cb,
&nus_client);
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("could not start the discovery procedure, error "
"code: %d", err);
}
}
static void exchange_func(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err, struct bt_gatt_exchange_params *params)
{
if (!err) {
LOG_INF("MTU exchange done");
} else {
LOG_WRN("MTU exchange failed (err %" PRIu8 ")", err);
}
}
static void connected(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t conn_err)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
int err;
bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
if (conn_err) {
LOG_INF("Failed to connect to %s, 0x%02x %s", addr, conn_err,
bt_hci_err_to_str(conn_err));
if (default_conn == conn) {
bt_conn_unref(default_conn);
default_conn = NULL;
err = bt_scan_start(BT_SCAN_TYPE_SCAN_ACTIVE);
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("Scanning failed to start (err %d)",
err);
}
}
return;
}
LOG_INF("Connected: %s", addr);
static struct bt_gatt_exchange_params exchange_params;
exchange_params.func = exchange_func;
err = bt_gatt_exchange_mtu(conn, &exchange_params);
if (err) {
LOG_WRN("MTU exchange failed (err %d)", err);
}
err = bt_conn_set_security(conn, BT_SECURITY_L2);
if (err) {
LOG_WRN("Failed to set security: %d", err);
gatt_discover(conn);
}
err = bt_scan_stop();
if ((!err) && (err != -EALREADY)) {
LOG_ERR("Stop LE scan failed (err %d)", err);
}
}
static void disconnected(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t reason)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
int err;
bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
LOG_INF("Disconnected: %s, reason 0x%02x %s", addr, reason, bt_hci_err_to_str(reason));
if (default_conn != conn) {
return;
}
bt_conn_unref(default_conn);
default_conn = NULL;
err = bt_scan_start(BT_SCAN_TYPE_SCAN_ACTIVE);
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("Scanning failed to start (err %d)",
err);
}
}
static void security_changed(struct bt_conn *conn, bt_security_t level,
enum bt_security_err err)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
if (!err) {
LOG_INF("Security changed: %s level %u", addr, level);
} else {
LOG_WRN("Security failed: %s level %u err %d %s", addr, level, err,
bt_security_err_to_str(err));
}
gatt_discover(conn);
}
BT_CONN_CB_DEFINE(conn_callbacks) = {
.connected = connected,
.disconnected = disconnected,
.security_changed = security_changed
};
static void scan_filter_match(struct bt_scan_device_info *device_info,
struct bt_scan_filter_match *filter_match,
bool connectable)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
bt_addr_le_to_str(device_info->recv_info->addr, addr, sizeof(addr));
LOG_INF("Filters matched. Address: %s connectable: %d",
addr, connectable);
}
static void scan_connecting_error(struct bt_scan_device_info *device_info)
{
LOG_WRN("Connecting failed");
}
static void scan_connecting(struct bt_scan_device_info *device_info,
struct bt_conn *conn)
{
default_conn = bt_conn_ref(conn);
}
static int nus_client_init(void)
{
int err;
struct bt_nus_client_init_param init = {
.cb = {
.received = ble_data_received,
.sent = ble_data_sent,
}
};
err = bt_nus_client_init(&nus_client, &init);
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("NUS Client initialization failed (err %d)", err);
return err;
}
LOG_INF("NUS Client module initialized");
return err;
}
BT_SCAN_CB_INIT(scan_cb, scan_filter_match, NULL,
scan_connecting_error, scan_connecting);
static int scan_init(void)
{
int err;
struct bt_scan_init_param scan_init = {
.connect_if_match = 1,
};
bt_scan_init(&scan_init);
bt_scan_cb_register(&scan_cb);
err = bt_scan_filter_add(BT_SCAN_FILTER_TYPE_UUID, BT_UUID_NUS_SERVICE);
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("Scanning filters cannot be set (err %d)", err);
return err;
}
err = bt_scan_filter_enable(BT_SCAN_UUID_FILTER, false);
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("Filters cannot be turned on (err %d)", err);
return err;
}
LOG_INF("Scan module initialized");
return err;
}
static bool check_audio_support_and_connect(struct bt_data *data, void *user_data)
{
bt_addr_le_t *addr = user_data;
int err;
/* 停止扫描 */
err = bt_le_scan_stop();
if (err != 0) {
printk("Failed to stop scan: %d\n", err);
return false; /* 出错直接停止解析 */
}
printk("Device found, connecting...\n");
/* 创建连接 */
err = bt_conn_le_create(addr, BT_CONN_LE_CREATE_CONN,
BT_LE_CONN_PARAM_DEFAULT,
&default_conn);
if (err != 0) {
printk("Failed to create connection (%d)\n", err);
it_start_scan();
}
/* 返回 false：停止继续解析其他广播数据 */
return false;
}
static void device_found(const bt_addr_le_t *addr, int8_t rssi, uint8_t type,
struct net_buf_simple *ad)
{
char addr_str[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
if (default_conn != NULL) {
/* Already connected */
return;
}
/* We're only interested in connectable events */
if (type != BT_GAP_ADV_TYPE_ADV_IND &&
type != BT_GAP_ADV_TYPE_ADV_DIRECT_IND &&
type != BT_GAP_ADV_TYPE_EXT_ADV) {
return;
}
(void)bt_addr_le_to_str(addr, addr_str, sizeof(addr_str));
printk("Device found: %s (RSSI %d)\n", addr_str, rssi);
/* connect only to devices in close proximity */
if (rssi < -50) {
return;
}
bt_data_parse(ad, check_audio_support_and_connect, (void *)addr);
}
void it_start_scan(void)
{
int err;
/* This demo doesn't require active scan */
err = bt_le_scan_start(BT_LE_SCAN_PASSIVE, device_found);
if (err != 0) {
printk("Scanning failed to start (err %d)\n", err);
return;
}
printk("Scanning successfully started\n");
}
static int scan_and_connect(void)
{
int err;
it_start_scan();
return 0;
}
static void auth_cancel(struct bt_conn *conn)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
LOG_INF("Pairing cancelled: %s", addr);
}
static void pairing_complete(struct bt_conn *conn, bool bonded)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
LOG_INF("Pairing completed: %s, bonded: %d", addr, bonded);
}
static void pairing_failed(struct bt_conn *conn, enum bt_security_err reason)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
LOG_WRN("Pairing failed conn: %s, reason %d %s", addr, reason,
bt_security_err_to_str(reason));
}
static struct bt_conn_auth_cb conn_auth_callbacks = {
.cancel = auth_cancel,
};
static struct bt_conn_auth_info_cb conn_auth_info_callbacks = {
.pairing_complete = pairing_complete,
.pairing_failed = pairing_failed
};
int main(void)
{
int err;
err = bt_conn_auth_cb_register(&conn_auth_callbacks);
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("Failed to register authorization callbacks.");
return 0;
}
err = bt_conn_auth_info_cb_register(&conn_auth_info_callbacks);
if (err) {
printk("Failed to register authorization info callbacks.\n");
return 0;
}
err = bt_enable(NULL);
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("Bluetooth init failed (err %d)", err);
return 0;
}
LOG_INF("Bluetooth initialized");
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SETTINGS)) {
settings_load();
}
err = uart_init();
if (err != 0) {
LOG_ERR("uart_init failed (err %d)", err);
return 0;
}
err = scan_init();
if (err != 0) {
LOG_ERR("scan_init failed (err %d)", err);
return 0;
}
err = nus_client_init();
if (err != 0) {
LOG_ERR("nus_client_init failed (err %d)", err);
return 0;
}
printk("Starting Bluetooth Central UART example\n");
err = scan_and_connect();
if (err) {
LOG_ERR("Scanning failed to start (err %d)", err);
return 0;
}
LOG_INF("Scanning successfully started");
struct uart_data_t nus_data = {
.len = 0,
};
for (;;) {
/* Wait indefinitely for data to be sent over Bluetooth */
struct uart_data_t *buf = k_fifo_get(&fifo_uart_rx_data,
K_FOREVER);
int plen = MIN(sizeof(nus_data.data) - nus_data.len, buf->len);
int loc = 0;
while (plen > 0) {
memcpy(&nus_data.data[nus_data.len], &buf->data[loc], plen);
nus_data.len += plen;
loc += plen;
if (nus_data.len >= sizeof(nus_data.data) ||
(nus_data.data[nus_data.len - 1] == '\n') ||
(nus_data.data[nus_data.len - 1] == '\r')) {
err = bt_nus_client_send(&nus_client, nus_data.data, nus_data.len);
if (err) {
LOG_WRN("Failed to send data over BLE connection"
"(err %d)", err);
}
err = k_sem_take(&nus_write_sem, NUS_WRITE_TIMEOUT);
if (err) {
LOG_WRN("NUS send timeout");
}
nus_data.len = 0;
}
plen = MIN(sizeof(nus_data.data), buf->len - loc);
}
k_free(buf);
}
}
I modified the function's parameters, BT_UUID_NUS_SERVICE is changed to BT_UUID_GATT. this change is OK? because general devices do not have nus services
original code
I modified the function's parameters, BT_UUID_NUS_SERVICE is changed to BT_UUID_GATT. this change is OK? because general devices do not have nus services
original code