This one gets complicated as I cannot reproduce the problem with my original NRF5340 DK.
Steps to reproduce are trivially easy, but only fail when using my favourite OEM J-Link (Silicon Labs PCB4001) that has a display and an ethernet port.
nrfutil device erase --core networknrfutil device reset
This puts the network core in a state where you need to "recover" it from.
When you now use
west flash --recover
It will always fail with the OEM J-Link but work with NRF5340 DK hardware - tested with both internal and externally connected MCU.
The interesting part is that
west flash --recover -r nrjfprog
works even with the OEM J-Link hardware and will yield a successful flashing procedure.
Side note: Older SDK/toolchain versions also work when using nrfjprog as the default runner, but newer SDKs use nrfutil by default.
Could just be a "too old firmware" problem, the OEM J-Link says its firmware is from Jan 2018. Workaround with nrfjprog might be useful for people that don't want to upgrade J-Link firmware.
The OEM J-Link has no problems flashing or debugging NRF5340 otherwise.