Build fails when enabling SQSPI in Device Tree (with MCUBoot)

[Ghazi-Faisal]

Hi,
I’m seeing a build failure after enabling SQSPI in the device tree when building with MCUBoot on NCS v3.2.1 for nRF54L15.

The build works fine without SQSPI, but once it’s enabled the link step fails. 

In function 'nrf_sqspi_init',
    inlined from 'dev_init' at /opt/nordic/ncs/v3.2.1/nrf/drivers/mspi/mspi_sqspi.c:513:8:
/opt/nordic/ncs/v3.2.1/nrfxlib/softperipheral/sQSPI/src/nrf_sqspi.c:164:9: warning: 'memcpy' reading 14144 bytes from a region of size 12088 [-Wstringop-overread]
  164 |         memcpy((void *)vpr_init_pc, nvm_fw_addr, meta->fw_code_size << 4);
      |         ^
/opt/nordic/ncs/v3.2.1/nrfxlib/softperipheral/sQSPI/include/nrf54l/sqspi_firmware_v1.2.1.h: In function 'dev_init':
/opt/nordic/ncs/v3.2.1/nrfxlib/softperipheral/sQSPI/include/nrf54l/sqspi_firmware_v1.2.1.h:12:15: note: source object 'sqspi_firmware_bin' of size 12088
   12 | const uint8_t sqspi_firmware_bin[] = {
      |               ^
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /var/folders/1b/v55__bbd543bfrt51p0y5tq00000gp/T//ccXqqwuC.ltrans0.ltrans.o: in function `done_callback':
/Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1175: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_give'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /var/folders/1b/v55__bbd543bfrt51p0y5tq00000gp/T//ccXqqwuC.ltrans0.ltrans.o: in function `api_dev_config':
/Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1158: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_take'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1158: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_take'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1175: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_give'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1175: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_give'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /var/folders/1b/v55__bbd543bfrt51p0y5tq00000gp/T//ccXqqwuC.ltrans0.ltrans.o:/Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1175: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_give'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /var/folders/1b/v55__bbd543bfrt51p0y5tq00000gp/T//ccXqqwuC.ltrans0.ltrans.o:/Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1175: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_give'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /var/folders/1b/v55__bbd543bfrt51p0y5tq00000gp/T//ccXqqwuC.ltrans0.ltrans.o: in function `api_get_channel_status':
/Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1158: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_take'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1175: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_give'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1175: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_give'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /var/folders/1b/v55__bbd543bfrt51p0y5tq00000gp/T//ccXqqwuC.ltrans0.ltrans.o: in function `api_transceive':
/Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1158: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_take'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1175: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_give'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1158: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_take'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /var/folders/1b/v55__bbd543bfrt51p0y5tq00000gp/T//ccXqqwuC.ltrans0.ltrans.o: in function `dev_init':
/Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1141: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_init'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1141: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_init'
/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd: /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot/zephyr/include/generated/zephyr/syscalls/kernel.h:1141: undefined reference to `z_impl_k_sem_init'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
[15/20] Generating ../dfu_application.zip
FAILED: _sysbuild/sysbuild/images/bootloader/mcuboot-prefix/src/mcuboot-stamp/mcuboot-build /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/_sysbuild/sysbuild/images/bootloader/mcuboot-prefix/src/mcuboot-stamp/mcuboot-build 
cd /Users/ghazifaisal/github/project/build/mcuboot && /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/561dce9adf/Cellar/cmake/3.21.0/bin/cmake --build .
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

[Vidar Berg]

Hi,

sQSPI is currently not supported with the bootloader out of the box, but it is being added for the next SDK release. Please have a look at the following PRs:

- https://github.com/nrfconnect/sdk-nrf/pull/27046

- https://github.com/nrfconnect/sdk-mcuboot/pull/602

Best regards,

Vidar

[Ghazi-Faisal]

Thank for your confirmation.
Is there a way to make this work on the current NCS release without waiting for the next version?

[Ghazi-Faisal]

both samples given are sQSPI sample.
sQSPI is working on my pcb with the flash. I verified this by writing and reading and I was able to write across the full flash size 

[Vidar Berg]

Thanks for confirming. Are you using the nrf54l15dk as your build target (i.e. nrf54l15dk/nrf54l15/cpuapp), and does your board include the optional 32KHz crystal? If not, have you made sure to change the default LF clock source in the bootloader as well as in the application?

[Ghazi-Faisal]

Thanks. This worked with the sample.

However, in my main code the external flash is completely occupied by LittleFS, and slot0 and slot1 are being placed in internal flash.

In the sample, slot1 uses external flash, which creates an inconsistency between MCUboot and the main app in my case. This is happening because MCUboot is taking a large portion of the internal flash.

Is there a way to fix this?

For reference, I am using these flags to create a LittleFS partition on external flash (still based on the same sample).

CONFIG_FLASH=y
CONFIG_FLASH_MAP=y
CONFIG_FILE_SYSTEM=y
CONFIG_FILE_SYSTEM_LITTLEFS=y

CONFIG_SPI=y
CONFIG_NORDIC_QSPI_NOR=y

CONFIG_PM_PARTITION_REGION_LITTLEFS_EXTERNAL=y
CONFIG_PM_PARTITION_SIZE_LITTLEFS=0x800000

CONFIG_FS_LITTLEFS_CACHE_SIZE=4096
CONFIG_FS_LITTLEFS_LOOKAHEAD_SIZE=256

[Vidar Berg]

Are you enabling the symbol below in your sysbuild.conf file? 

(https://docs.nordicsemi.com/bundle/ncs-latest/page/nrf/releases_and_maturity/migration/migration_sysbuild.html)

[Ghazi-Faisal]

I think I may not have explained my case clearly.

In main application, I am using the entire external flash for data recording purposes.

However, after enabling MCUBoot, it now reserves a portion of the external flash for the secondary image slot. Because of this, the external flash is no longer fully available to my application.

As a result, the build fails when I try to enable SQSPI in the device tree, since there is now a conflict between the flash area used by MCUBoot and the one expected by my application.

Could you please advise how I can resolve this?

I have attached the modified sample code for your reference
1108.smp_svr.zip

[Vidar Berg]

So you want to keep the secondary slot in internal memory? Everything I have answered so far has been based on the impression that you wanted to use sQSPI in the bootloader to access FW updates staged in external flash. If you don't need this, then you should not be enabling MSPI or sQSPI in the bootloader as the build errors in your initial post show.

[Ghazi-Faisal]

Sorry for the misunderstanding.

The errors I posted at the beginning of this thread were for SQSPI being enabled only in the application, not in the bootloader.

The errors started showing only after adding SQSPI to the main application. Before that, OTA was working just fine.

[Ghazi-Faisal]

is there a sample with OTA over ble in which I can test my implementation?

[Vidar Berg]

I configured the littlefs sample to use sQSPI and to include MCUBoot, but did not manage to reproduce the problem here.

Memory layout 

Log output 

Ghazi-Faisal said:

The errors I posted at the beginning of this thread were for SQSPI being enabled only in the application, not in the bootloader.

I'm not sure what caused it, but the errors show the sQSPI being enabled in the bootloader. 

Attached below is the modified sample I used for test. Please try it on your side to see if it works on your end as well.

8054.littlefs.zip

[Vidar Berg]

We were posting in parallel, please see my previous reply.