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Does pairing occur every time there is a connection?

I am using an NRF52 dev board to develops a device that connects to an Android and IOS device.

I am unclear on where pairing comes into play with relation to connecting. For example I started off with the SDK example project BLE Peripheral Template, following along the general procedure from the beginners tutorials, I added a custom service and characteristics. I built up a GATT for my application just fine. What I don't understand is, does pairing occur every time there is connection? I am just not clear on when/ how often this occurs or if there is an easy way to tell. For instance of someone says that two devices are connected does that imply that a pairing must have occurred? Let me know if I am thinking of this all wrong. Any clarification on this would be greatly appreciated.

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