Linker fails, gcc, SDK 13.0.0, nRF52: "undefined reference to ..."

[Eliot Stock]

Hi.

I'm in the process of migrating an application from the nRF51822 and SDK 12.2.0 to the nRF52832 and SDK 13.0.0. My code now compiles but doesn't link. Here's the make output at the linking stage:

Linking target: _build/app_s132.out
"/Users/eliot/dev/gcc-arm-none-eabi-4_9-2015q3/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc" -Wl,-Map=_build/app_s132.map -mthumb -mabi=aapcs -L /Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/toolchain/gcc -T./app_gcc_nrf52.ld -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -Wl,--gc-sections --specs=nano.specs -lc -lnosys -u _printf_float -u _scanf_float @_build/app_s132.in -lm -o _build/app_s132.out
_build/app_s132_acc_kionix_ktxj2.c.o: In function `acc_kionix_clear_interrupt':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../acc_kionix_ktxj2.c:592: undefined reference to `app_twi_perform'
_build/app_s132_acc_kionix_ktxj2.c.o: In function `acc_kionix_init':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../acc_kionix_ktxj2.c:134: undefined reference to `app_twi_init'
_build/app_s132_acc_kionix_ktxj2.c.o: In function `acc_kionix_program':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../acc_kionix_ktxj2.c:310: undefined reference to `app_twi_perform'
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../acc_kionix_ktxj2.c:350: undefined reference to `app_twi_perform'
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../acc_kionix_ktxj2.c:359: undefined reference to `app_twi_perform'
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../acc_kionix_ktxj2.c:370: undefined reference to `app_twi_perform'
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../acc_kionix_ktxj2.c:384: undefined reference to `app_twi_perform'
_build/app_s132_acc_kionix_ktxj2.c.o:/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../acc_kionix_ktxj2.c:395: more undefined references to `app_twi_perform' follow
_build/app_s132_ble_periph.c.o: In function `tps_init':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../ble_periph.c:509: undefined reference to `ble_tps_init'
_build/app_s132_gps_antenova_m10478.c.o: In function `gps_get':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../gps_antenova_m10478.c:200: undefined reference to `nrf_pwr_mgmt_run'
_build/app_s132_main.c.o: In function `main':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../main.c:75: undefined reference to `nrf_pwr_mgmt_init'
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../main.c:128: undefined reference to `nrf_pwr_mgmt_run'
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../main.c:182: undefined reference to `nrf_pwr_mgmt_run'
_build/app_s132_modem_td1207.c.o: In function `modem_get':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../modem_td1207.c:191: undefined reference to `nrf_pwr_mgmt_run'
_build/app_s132_state.c.o: In function `state_change_sys_off_async':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../state.c:562: undefined reference to `nrf_pwr_mgmt_shutdown'
_build/app_s132_tracking.c.o: In function `alert':
/Users/eliot/dev/biketracker/biketracker-firmware/app/bt08_nrf52/../tracking.c:370: undefined reference to `nrf_pwr_mgmt_run'
_build/app_s132_nrf_drv_saadc.c.o: In function `nrf_drv_saadc_channel_init':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/drivers_nrf/saadc/nrf_drv_saadc.c:345: undefined reference to `nrf_saadc_channel_init'
_build/app_s132_nrf_drv_common.c.o: In function `POWER_CLOCK_IRQHandler':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/drivers_nrf/common/nrf_drv_common.c:284: undefined reference to `nrf_drv_power_onIRQ'
_build/app_s132_nrf_drv_uart.c.o: In function `nrf_drv_uart_init':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/drivers_nrf/uart/nrf_drv_uart.c:273: undefined reference to `nrf_strerror_get'
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/drivers_nrf/uart/nrf_drv_uart.c:296: undefined reference to `nrf_strerror_get'
_build/app_s132_nrf_drv_uart.c.o: In function `nrf_drv_uart_tx':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/drivers_nrf/uart/nrf_drv_uart.c:413: undefined reference to `nrf_strerror_get'
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/drivers_nrf/uart/nrf_drv_uart.c:428: undefined reference to `nrf_strerror_get'
_build/app_s132_nrf_drv_uart.c.o: In function `nrf_drv_uart_tx_for_uarte':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/drivers_nrf/uart/nrf_drv_uart.c:399: undefined reference to `nrf_strerror_get'
_build/app_s132_nrf_drv_uart.c.o:/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/drivers_nrf/uart/nrf_drv_uart.c:602: more undefined references to `nrf_strerror_get' follow
_build/app_s132_app_uart_fifo.c.o: In function `uart_event_handler':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/libraries/uart/app_uart_fifo.c:75: undefined reference to `app_fifo_put'
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/libraries/uart/app_uart_fifo.c:111: undefined reference to `app_fifo_get'
_build/app_s132_app_uart_fifo.c.o: In function `app_uart_init':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/libraries/uart/app_uart_fifo.c:144: undefined reference to `app_fifo_init'
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/libraries/uart/app_uart_fifo.c:148: undefined reference to `app_fifo_init'
_build/app_s132_app_uart_fifo.c.o: In function `app_uart_get':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/libraries/uart/app_uart_fifo.c:204: undefined reference to `app_fifo_get'
_build/app_s132_app_uart_fifo.c.o: In function `app_uart_put':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/libraries/uart/app_uart_fifo.c:223: undefined reference to `app_fifo_put'
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/libraries/uart/app_uart_fifo.c:236: undefined reference to `app_fifo_get'
_build/app_s132_softdevice_handler.c.o: In function `softdevice_handler_init':
/Users/eliot/dev/nRF5_SDK_13.0.0_04a0bfd/components/softdevice/common/softdevice_handler/softdevice_handler.c:380: undefined reference to `nrf_drv_power_on_sd_enable'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [_build/app_s132.out] Error 1

It seems that the sources that contain these functions are all being compiled OK. I can see their .o files in _build and if I run objdump on them, there's stuff in there. When I check the .in file in _build, all the right .o files are in there. For comparison, a couple of example projects in the SDK examples will build just fine.

Here's my full project Makefile:

Makefile

And here's the full, verbose output from the build:

make_output.txt

I'm stumped.

[edit]

Object and dependency files for app_twi.c:

app_s132_app_twi.c.o

app_s132_app_twi.c.d

[endnode]

I'd say you have included files from app_uart and app_fifo modules but you probably haven't defined few things in sdk_config.h or rather app_config.h like

#define APP_UART_ENABLED 1
#define UART_ENABLED 1
#define UART0_CONFIG_USE_EASY_DMA 1
#define APP_UART_DRIVER_INSTANCE 0
#define APP_FIFO_ENABLED 1

There were few changes around sdk_config.h (it's position in SDK, "default" content etc.)

[Eliot Stock]

For this migration I took the sdk_config.h file from examples/ble_peripheral/ble_app_template/pca10040/s132/config and used that, then diff'ed it against what I had from SDK 12 and just updated the values. I don't use the app_config.h because had nothing to add to sdk_config.h (except APP_FIFO_ENABLED, which you rightly identified was missing). Looking for sdk_config.h files in the SDK that might be being pulled in, I see only one that's outside of /examples and that's in /config. I don't have that directory on my include path. I can see that the sdk_config.h from in my project is the one being used by putting an #error Am I being used? in it and rebuilding. The build breaks as expected. I'll attach an .o and a .d file above in case that sheds any light on it. Thanks.