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nrf52832 .map file display arm_startup_nrf52.o use ZI-data 32KB (actually is RAM), that used nearly half of my RAM!

liefyuan
  • SDK: 15.0
  • SoftDevices: s132
  • IDE-Version:  μVision V5.26.2.0

  • Toolchain: MDK-ARM Plus Version: 5.26.2.0

  • OS:windows10
  • chip:nrf52832 (64KB/512KB)

Question:

first of all:

ROM space : Code+RO Data+RW Data

RAM space : RW Data + ZI Data

this is my project .map file description:

Obviously, my ram of chip is not enough.so,I found this in .map :

my  arm_startup_nrf52.o file use ZI data = 32768 ,that used nearly half of my RAM! (chip total RAM is 64KB, here 32KB )

this is my project arm_startup_nrf52.s code file

; Copyright (c) 2009-2018 ARM Limited. All rights reserved.
; 
;     SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
; 
; Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may
; not use this file except in compliance with the License.
; You may obtain a copy of the License at
; 
;     www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
; 
; Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
; distributed under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT
; WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
; See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
; limitations under the License.
; 
; NOTICE: This file has been modified by Nordic Semiconductor ASA.

                IF :DEF: __STARTUP_CONFIG
#ifdef  __STARTUP_CONFIG
#include "startup_config.h"
#ifndef __STARTUP_CONFIG_STACK_ALIGNEMENT
#define __STARTUP_CONFIG_STACK_ALIGNEMENT 3
#endif
#endif
                ENDIF

                IF :DEF: __STARTUP_CONFIG
Stack_Size      EQU __STARTUP_CONFIG_STACK_SIZE
                ELIF :DEF: __STACK_SIZE
Stack_Size      EQU __STACK_SIZE
                ELSE
Stack_Size      EQU 8192
                ENDIF
                
                IF :DEF: __STARTUP_CONFIG
Stack_Align     EQU __STARTUP_CONFIG_STACK_ALIGNEMENT
                ELSE
Stack_Align     EQU 3
                ENDIF

                AREA    STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=Stack_Align
Stack_Mem       SPACE   Stack_Size
__initial_sp

                IF :DEF: __STARTUP_CONFIG
Heap_Size       EQU __STARTUP_CONFIG_HEAP_SIZE
                ELIF :DEF: __HEAP_SIZE
Heap_Size       EQU __HEAP_SIZE
                ELSE
Heap_Size       EQU 8192
                ENDIF

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem        SPACE   Heap_Size
__heap_limit

                PRESERVE8
                THUMB

; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset

                AREA    RESET, DATA, READONLY
                EXPORT  __Vectors
                EXPORT  __Vectors_End
                EXPORT  __Vectors_Size

__Vectors       DCD     __initial_sp              ; Top of Stack
                DCD     Reset_Handler
                DCD     NMI_Handler
                DCD     HardFault_Handler
                DCD     MemoryManagement_Handler
                DCD     BusFault_Handler
                DCD     UsageFault_Handler
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     SVC_Handler
                DCD     DebugMon_Handler
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     PendSV_Handler
                DCD     SysTick_Handler

                ; External Interrupts
                DCD     POWER_CLOCK_IRQHandler
                DCD     RADIO_IRQHandler
                DCD     UARTE0_UART0_IRQHandler
                DCD     SPIM0_SPIS0_TWIM0_TWIS0_SPI0_TWI0_IRQHandler
                DCD     SPIM1_SPIS1_TWIM1_TWIS1_SPI1_TWI1_IRQHandler
                DCD     NFCT_IRQHandler
                DCD     GPIOTE_IRQHandler
                DCD     SAADC_IRQHandler
                DCD     TIMER0_IRQHandler
                DCD     TIMER1_IRQHandler
                DCD     TIMER2_IRQHandler
                DCD     RTC0_IRQHandler
                DCD     TEMP_IRQHandler
                DCD     RNG_IRQHandler
                DCD     ECB_IRQHandler
                DCD     CCM_AAR_IRQHandler
                DCD     WDT_IRQHandler
                DCD     RTC1_IRQHandler
                DCD     QDEC_IRQHandler
                DCD     COMP_LPCOMP_IRQHandler
                DCD     SWI0_EGU0_IRQHandler
                DCD     SWI1_EGU1_IRQHandler
                DCD     SWI2_EGU2_IRQHandler
                DCD     SWI3_EGU3_IRQHandler
                DCD     SWI4_EGU4_IRQHandler
                DCD     SWI5_EGU5_IRQHandler
                DCD     TIMER3_IRQHandler
                DCD     TIMER4_IRQHandler
                DCD     PWM0_IRQHandler
                DCD     PDM_IRQHandler
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     MWU_IRQHandler
                DCD     PWM1_IRQHandler
                DCD     PWM2_IRQHandler
                DCD     SPIM2_SPIS2_SPI2_IRQHandler
                DCD     RTC2_IRQHandler
                DCD     I2S_IRQHandler
                DCD     FPU_IRQHandler
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved
                DCD     0                         ; Reserved

__Vectors_End

__Vectors_Size  EQU     __Vectors_End - __Vectors

                AREA    |.text|, CODE, READONLY

; Reset Handler


Reset_Handler   PROC
                EXPORT  Reset_Handler             [WEAK]
                IMPORT  SystemInit
                IMPORT  __main


                LDR     R0, =SystemInit
                BLX     R0
                LDR     R0, =__main
                BX      R0
                ENDP

; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)

NMI_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  NMI_Handler               [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  HardFault_Handler         [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
MemoryManagement_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  MemoryManagement_Handler  [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  BusFault_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  UsageFault_Handler        [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SVC_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  SVC_Handler               [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  DebugMon_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
PendSV_Handler  PROC
                EXPORT  PendSV_Handler            [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
                EXPORT  SysTick_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP

Default_Handler PROC

                EXPORT   POWER_CLOCK_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   RADIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   UARTE0_UART0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SPIM0_SPIS0_TWIM0_TWIS0_SPI0_TWI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SPIM1_SPIS1_TWIM1_TWIS1_SPI1_TWI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   NFCT_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   GPIOTE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SAADC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   TIMER0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   TIMER1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   TIMER2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   RTC0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   TEMP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   RNG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   ECB_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   CCM_AAR_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   WDT_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   RTC1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   QDEC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   COMP_LPCOMP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SWI0_EGU0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SWI1_EGU1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SWI2_EGU2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SWI3_EGU3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SWI4_EGU4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SWI5_EGU5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   TIMER3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   TIMER4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   PWM0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   PDM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   MWU_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   PWM1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   PWM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   SPIM2_SPIS2_SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   RTC2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   I2S_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT   FPU_IRQHandler [WEAK]
POWER_CLOCK_IRQHandler
RADIO_IRQHandler
UARTE0_UART0_IRQHandler
SPIM0_SPIS0_TWIM0_TWIS0_SPI0_TWI0_IRQHandler
SPIM1_SPIS1_TWIM1_TWIS1_SPI1_TWI1_IRQHandler
NFCT_IRQHandler
GPIOTE_IRQHandler
SAADC_IRQHandler
TIMER0_IRQHandler
TIMER1_IRQHandler
TIMER2_IRQHandler
RTC0_IRQHandler
TEMP_IRQHandler
RNG_IRQHandler
ECB_IRQHandler
CCM_AAR_IRQHandler
WDT_IRQHandler
RTC1_IRQHandler
QDEC_IRQHandler
COMP_LPCOMP_IRQHandler
SWI0_EGU0_IRQHandler
SWI1_EGU1_IRQHandler
SWI2_EGU2_IRQHandler
SWI3_EGU3_IRQHandler
SWI4_EGU4_IRQHandler
SWI5_EGU5_IRQHandler
TIMER3_IRQHandler
TIMER4_IRQHandler
PWM0_IRQHandler
PDM_IRQHandler
MWU_IRQHandler
PWM1_IRQHandler
PWM2_IRQHandler
SPIM2_SPIS2_SPI2_IRQHandler
RTC2_IRQHandler
I2S_IRQHandler
FPU_IRQHandler
                B .
                ENDP
                ALIGN

; User Initial Stack & Heap

                IF      :DEF:__MICROLIB

                EXPORT  __initial_sp
                EXPORT  __heap_base
                EXPORT  __heap_limit

                ELSE

                IMPORT  __use_two_region_memory
                EXPORT  __user_initial_stackheap

__user_initial_stackheap PROC

                LDR     R0, = Heap_Mem
                LDR     R1, = (Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
                LDR     R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
                LDR     R3, = Stack_Mem
                BX      LR
                ENDP

                ALIGN

                ENDIF

                END

  • 0

    Can anyone tell me how to reduce the RAM usage of the arm_startup_nrf52.o file?

  • 0

    Please check what the size of "STACK" is in your map file. You can change the size of the allocated call stack by changing the pre-processor definition as shown below. 

  • 0 in reply to Vidar Berg

    as you wish,I am pretty sure that the size of the heap and stack is very low in the engineering configuration, absolutely no 32KByte.In addition, my project is a project that adds audio decoding. In the audio decoding module, a large amount of RAM may be used.

    I just confirmed that it is indeed such a large RAM usage caused by the audio decoding module. But what I am puzzled now is that the stack or heap in my various places in the project configuration is 8KByte or 24KByte (?), but the RAM usage has reached 32KByte after the compilation is completed.

    Is it that the things in the keil project configuration are fake? The project compiled seems to be completely unaffected by the project configuration file.

    In addition, after I removed the audio decoding module, the ZI data of arm_startup_nrf52.o of nrf52832 .map became 8192, so I determined that the problem is here. However, another doubt is why the large value of ZI data is in the '.o' file like arm_startup_nrf52.o which is similar to the system file, not the '.o' file related to audio decoding. Large value

  • 0 in reply to liefyuan
    liefyuan said:
    as you wish,I am pretty sure that the size of the heap and stack is very low in the engineering configuration, absolutely no 32KByte.In addition, my project is a project that adds audio decoding. In the audio decoding module, a large amount of RAM may be used.

     You have __HEAP_SIZE  set to 0x6000 which means that 24KB of the RAM will be allocated to HEAP. But this section gets removed by the linker if you don't actually use HEAP. So it sounds like you are using heap memory in your audio module? 

     

  • 0 in reply to Vidar Berg

    My audio module uses the decoding library ".lib" file provided by the vendor. The module only provides several interfaces for me to use, so I am not sure if you are using heap memory in the audio module.

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