I want to connect Bluetooth Smart chip to a weighting scale, read the data and send it to a phone. Is this possible and what requirements there are for the scale?
This is of course possible. There's even an official Bluetooth SIG approved profile for weight scale data. The requirement would be for you to be able to read the output from the scale with a digital interface from the sensor on the scale. Please have a look at the chip nRF51822 as it would be a good fit for this kind of project.
I guess the only requirements for the scale are that you must be able to read out the data from somewhere, and that the voltage levels are high enough. I doubt that regular weighing scales come with any low level communication interface like SPI or TWI, but maybe you are able to decode the 7 segment display information?