How to interface external TWI sensor (MAX30105) with Nordic Thingy 52 application source?

[Kartik]

I am trying to implement the MAX30105 pulse oximeter sensor along with the Nordic Thingy 52 application source.

I referred the sample ADXL375 code provided by Simon here https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/members/simoniversen and have integrated source for max30105 accordingly.

Now as I debug the code, it goes into infinite loop while executing the nrf_drv_twi_init() function invoked by twi_init().

Can you please help me understand the issue here?

I see that the handler function is missing; is it a mandatory function to have?

[Jørgen Holmefjord]

Hi,

Can you post the exact code you used? Have you called nrf_drv_twi_init/twi_init elsewhere in the code? Have you tried debugging the application, to look for error codes?

Best regards,
Jørgen

[Kartik]

I used the below inserted code shared by Simon at https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic-q-a/43442/nordic-thingy-52---external-i2c-sensor-device-driver-implementation/170220#170220

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/** @file
 *
 * @brief    Thingy application main file.
 *
 * This file contains the source code for the Thingy application that uses the Weather Station service.
 */

#include <stdint.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "softdevice_handler.h"
#include "app_scheduler.h"
#include "app_button.h"
#include "app_util_platform.h"
#include "m_ble.h"
#include "m_environment.h"
#include "m_sound.h"
#include "m_motion.h"
#include "m_ui.h"
#include "m_batt_meas.h"
#include "drv_ext_light.h"
#include "drv_ext_gpio.h"
#include "nrf_delay.h"
#include "twi_manager.h"
#include "support_func.h"
#include "pca20020.h"
#include "app_error.h"

/////Added for TWI/////
#include "nrf_drv_twi.h"
#include "ADXL375_I2C.h"
/////Added for TWI/////

#define  NRF_LOG_MODULE_NAME "main          "
#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"

#define DEAD_BEEF   0xDEADBEEF          /**< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind. */
#define SCHED_MAX_EVENT_DATA_SIZE   MAX(APP_TIMER_SCHED_EVENT_DATA_SIZE, BLE_STACK_HANDLER_SCHED_EVT_SIZE) /**< Maximum size of scheduler events. */
#define SCHED_QUEUE_SIZE            60  /**< Maximum number of events in the scheduler queue. */

/////Added for TWI/////
/* TWI instance ID. */
#define TWI_INSTANCE_ID     0
/* TWI instance. */
static const nrf_drv_twi_t m_twi = NRF_DRV_TWI_INSTANCE(TWI_INSTANCE_ID);
/////Added for TWI/////

static const nrf_drv_twi_t     m_twi_sensors = NRF_DRV_TWI_INSTANCE(TWI_SENSOR_INSTANCE);
static m_ble_service_handle_t  m_ble_service_handles[THINGY_SERVICES_MAX];

void app_error_fault_handler(uint32_t id, uint32_t pc, uint32_t info)
{
    #if NRF_LOG_ENABLED
        error_info_t * err_info = (error_info_t*)info;
        NRF_LOG_ERROR(" id = %d, pc = %d, file = %s, line number: %d, error code = %d = %s \r\n", \
        id, pc, nrf_log_push((char*)err_info->p_file_name), err_info->line_num, err_info->err_code, nrf_log_push((char*)nrf_strerror_find(err_info->err_code)));
    #endif
    
    (void)m_ui_led_set_event(M_UI_ERROR);
    NRF_LOG_FINAL_FLUSH();
    nrf_delay_ms(5);
    
    // On assert, the system can only recover with a reset.
    #ifndef DEBUG
        NVIC_SystemReset();
    #endif

    app_error_save_and_stop(id, pc, info);
}


/**@brief Function for assert macro callback.
 *
 * @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
 *
 * @param[in] line_num    Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
 * @param[in] p_file_name File name of the failing ASSERT call.
 */
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}

/**@brief Function for putting Thingy into sleep mode.
 *
 * @note This function will not return.
 */
static void sleep_mode_enter(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Entering sleep mode \r\n");
    err_code = m_motion_sleep_prepare(true);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = support_func_configure_io_shutdown();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
    // Enable wake on button press.
    nrf_gpio_cfg_sense_input(BUTTON, NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLUP, NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_LOW);
    // Enable wake on low power accelerometer.
    nrf_gpio_cfg_sense_input(LIS_INT1, NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOPULL, NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_HIGH);
   
    NRF_LOG_FLUSH();
    nrf_delay_ms(5);
    // Go to system-off (sd_power_system_off() will not return; wakeup will cause a reset). When debugging, this function may return and code execution will continue.
    err_code = sd_power_system_off();
    NRF_LOG_WARNING("sd_power_system_off() returned. -Probably due to debugger being used. Instructions will still run. \r\n");
    NRF_LOG_FLUSH();
    
    #ifdef DEBUG
        if(!support_func_sys_halt_debug_enabled())
        {
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code); // If not in debug mode, return the error and the system will reboot.
        }
        else
        {
            NRF_LOG_WARNING("Exec stopped, busy wait \r\n");
            NRF_LOG_FLUSH();
            
            while(true) // Only reachable when entering emulated system off.
            {
                // Infinte loop to ensure that code stops in debug mode.
            }
        }
    #else
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    #endif
}


/**@brief Function for placing the application in low power state while waiting for events.
 */
#define FPU_EXCEPTION_MASK 0x0000009F
static void power_manage(void)
{
    __set_FPSCR(__get_FPSCR()  & ~(FPU_EXCEPTION_MASK));
    (void) __get_FPSCR();
    NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ(FPU_IRQn);

    uint32_t err_code = sd_app_evt_wait();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Battery module data handler.
 */
static void m_batt_meas_handler(m_batt_meas_event_t const * p_batt_meas_event)
{
    NRF_LOG_INFO("Voltage: %d V, Charge: %d %%, Event type: %d \r\n",
                p_batt_meas_event->voltage_mv, p_batt_meas_event->level_percent, p_batt_meas_event->type);
   
    if (p_batt_meas_event != NULL)
    {
        if( p_batt_meas_event->type == M_BATT_MEAS_EVENT_LOW)
        {
            uint32_t err_code;

            err_code = support_func_configure_io_shutdown();
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            
            // Enable wake on USB detect only.
            nrf_gpio_cfg_sense_input(USB_DETECT, NRF_GPIO_PIN_NOPULL, NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_HIGH);

            NRF_LOG_WARNING("Battery voltage low, shutting down Thingy. Connect USB to charge \r\n");
            NRF_LOG_FINAL_FLUSH();
            // Go to system-off mode (This function will not return; wakeup will cause a reset).
            err_code = sd_power_system_off();

            #ifdef DEBUG
                if(!support_func_sys_halt_debug_enabled())
                {
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code); // If not in debug mode, return the error and the system will reboot.
                }
                else
                {
                    NRF_LOG_WARNING("Exec stopped, busy wait \r\n");
                    NRF_LOG_FLUSH();
                    while(true) // Only reachable when entering emulated system off.
                    {
                        // Infinte loop to ensure that code stops in debug mode.
                    }
                }
            #else
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            #endif
        }
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 */
static void thingy_ble_evt_handler(m_ble_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    switch (p_evt->evt_type)
    {
        case thingy_ble_evt_connected:
            NRF_LOG_INFO(NRF_LOG_COLOR_CODE_GREEN "Thingy_ble_evt_connected \r\n");
            break;

        case thingy_ble_evt_disconnected:
            NRF_LOG_INFO(NRF_LOG_COLOR_CODE_YELLOW "Thingy_ble_evt_disconnected \r\n");
            NRF_LOG_FINAL_FLUSH();
            nrf_delay_ms(5);
            NVIC_SystemReset();
            break;

        case thingy_ble_evt_timeout:
            NRF_LOG_INFO(NRF_LOG_COLOR_CODE_YELLOW "Thingy_ble_evt_timeout \r\n");
            sleep_mode_enter();
            NVIC_SystemReset();
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Thingy.
 */
static void thingy_init(void)
{
    uint32_t                 err_code;
    m_ui_init_t              ui_params;
    m_environment_init_t     env_params;
    m_motion_init_t          motion_params;
    m_ble_init_t             ble_params;
    batt_meas_init_t         batt_meas_init = BATT_MEAS_PARAM_CFG;

    /**@brief Initialize the TWI manager. */
    err_code = twi_manager_init(APP_IRQ_PRIORITY_THREAD);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    /**@brief Initialize LED and button UI module. */
    ui_params.p_twi_instance = &m_twi_sensors;
    err_code = m_ui_init(&m_ble_service_handles[THINGY_SERVICE_UI],
                         &ui_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    /**@brief Initialize environment module. */
    env_params.p_twi_instance = &m_twi_sensors;
    err_code = m_environment_init(&m_ble_service_handles[THINGY_SERVICE_ENVIRONMENT],
                                  &env_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    /**@brief Initialize motion module. */
    motion_params.p_twi_instance = &m_twi_sensors;

    err_code = m_motion_init(&m_ble_service_handles[THINGY_SERVICE_MOTION],
                             &motion_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = m_sound_init(&m_ble_service_handles[THINGY_SERVICE_SOUND]);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    /**@brief Initialize the battery measurement. */
    batt_meas_init.evt_handler = m_batt_meas_handler;
    err_code = m_batt_meas_init(&m_ble_service_handles[THINGY_SERVICE_BATTERY], &batt_meas_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = m_batt_meas_enable(BATT_MEAS_INTERVAL_MS);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    /**@brief Initialize BLE handling module. */
    ble_params.evt_handler       = thingy_ble_evt_handler;
    ble_params.p_service_handles = m_ble_service_handles;
    ble_params.service_num       = THINGY_SERVICES_MAX;

    err_code = m_ble_init(&ble_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = m_ui_led_set_event(M_UI_BLE_DISCONNECTED);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


static void board_init(void)
{
    uint32_t            err_code;
    drv_ext_gpio_init_t ext_gpio_init;

    #if defined(THINGY_HW_v0_7_0)
        #error   "HW version v0.7.0 not supported."
    #elif defined(THINGY_HW_v0_8_0)
        NRF_LOG_WARNING("FW compiled for depricated Thingy HW v0.8.0 \r\n");
    #elif defined(THINGY_HW_v0_9_0)
        NRF_LOG_WARNING("FW compiled for depricated Thingy HW v0.9.0 \r\n");
    #endif

    static const nrf_drv_twi_config_t twi_config =
    {
        .scl                = TWI_SCL,
        .sda                = TWI_SDA,
        .frequency          = NRF_TWI_FREQ_400K,
        .interrupt_priority = APP_IRQ_PRIORITY_LOW
    };

    static const drv_sx1509_cfg_t sx1509_cfg =
    {
        .twi_addr       = SX1509_ADDR,
        .p_twi_instance = &m_twi_sensors,
        .p_twi_cfg      = &twi_config
    };

    ext_gpio_init.p_cfg = &sx1509_cfg;
    
    err_code = support_func_configure_io_startup(&ext_gpio_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    nrf_delay_ms(100);
}

/////Added for TWI/////
/**
 * @brief TWI initialization.
 */
void twi_init (void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    const nrf_drv_twi_config_t twi_config = {
       .scl                = 15,//ARDUINO_SCL_PIN, //27
       .sda                = 14,//ARDUINO_SDA_PIN, //26
       .frequency          = 0x06680000UL,//NRF_DRV_TWI_FREQ_400K,//<-- same as Bjorn, old -->NRF_DRV_TWI_FREQ_100K,
       .interrupt_priority = 2,//APP_IRQ_PRIORITY_HIGH,
       .clear_bus_init     = false
    };

    err_code = nrf_drv_twi_init(&m_twi, &twi_config, NULL, NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    nrf_drv_twi_enable(&m_twi);
}
/////Added for TWI/////

/**@brief Application main function.
 */
int main(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code;
    err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_INFO(NRF_LOG_COLOR_CODE_GREEN"===== Thingy started! =====\r\n");
    
    // Initialize.
    APP_SCHED_INIT(SCHED_MAX_EVENT_DATA_SIZE, SCHED_QUEUE_SIZE);
    err_code = app_timer_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    board_init();
    thingy_init();
	
		/////Added for TWI/////
		twi_init();
		err_code = ADXL375_I2C_init(&m_twi);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
		// Data rate set to 1010, which is 100 Hz
    ADXL375_I2C_data_rate_set(0x0A);
    ADXL375_I2C_offsets_set(0,0,0);

    int16_t x_val;
    int16_t y_val;
    int16_t z_val;
		ADXL375_I2C_acc_data_read(&x_val,&y_val,&z_val);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("ACC DATA:  X: %d  Y: %d  Z: %d  \n", x_val ,y_val, z_val);
		/////Added for TWI/////

    for (;;)
    {
        app_sched_execute();
        
        if (!NRF_LOG_PROCESS()) // Process logs
        { 
            power_manage();
        }
    }
}