Making a BLE iBeacon with GAP & GATT profiles on N52832 (nRF52-Development Kit)

[Ameer Usman]

I am trying to use the nRF52-Development kit with (N52832) and using nRF5_SDK_15.0.0. What my application is to broadcast an iBeacon Packet (with Major, Minor, RSSI and UUID) while also having a few GAP and GATT services.

I have tried the "ble_app_beacon" and am able to throw out an iBeacon packet but I am having difficulty in adding GAP and GATT profiles on it.

It would be greatly appreciated if a stepping stone be provided for this.

Regards.

Edit 1:
I have found a tutorial that shows how to introduce Services using this tutorial:
https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/nordic/short-range-guides/b/bluetooth-low-energy/posts/ble-characteristics-a-beginners-tutorial

followed by:

https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/nordic/short-range-guides/b/bluetooth-low-energy/posts/ble-characteristics-a-beginners-tutorial

using SDK 15.0.0. What I need is implementing on how to add the iBeacon along with the usual services?

Edit 2:

I found this resource which uses iBeacon packet and UART connectable packet:
https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/nordic/nordic-blog/b/blog/posts/concurrent-advertising

Edit 3:

This is another question similar to mine. I followed the steps in the thread but still gave an error when debugging it at

Question Link: https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic-q-a/33945/connectable-beacon

Code getting error at:

    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

I believe the above statement gives an err_code = 4

What I want to achieve is:
1) Connectable iBeacon packets 
2) Custom GAP services to be included in it.

[Simon]

I am not sure if I understand you correctly. What do you mean by adding GAP and GATT profiles to the iBeacon packet?

The GAP profile is a layer of BLE that is responsible for connecting two or more BLE devices, which includes scanning, advertising and link establishment. Broadcasting an iBeacon packet (advertising) is controlled by the GAP layer.

However, inclusion of services and characteristics happens on the GATT layer, and you don't include it in the advertising packet (iBeacon packet). The link you provided (ble characteristics tutorial) explain thoroughly how this works.

If you would like to put in your custom data into the iBeacon packet, you can use the AD type 0xFF («Manufacturer Specific Data»). Take a look at this thread, where I explain more around the advertising packet.

If anything is unclear, please tell me, and I will elaborate more.

Best regards,

Simon

[Ameer Usman]

What I want is to have GAP Profiles being broadcast simultaneously with an iBeacon packet. I was hoping for a starting point of how I should do that. As the ble_app_beacon example has a lot of header files missing for the inclusion of GAP profiles so I was hoping to take the ble_app_bms as a starting point and add an iBeacon into it but I am having difficulty with it.

[Ameer Usman]

I am getting an error at line 900 but I am unable to read the code returned from running the function "able_advdata_encode(....)".

I have also attached the main.c file which is a merger of ble_app_bms and adding ble_app_beacon functions into it.

Fullscreen 3821.main.c Download

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2016 - 2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
 *    Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
 *    such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
 *    conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 *    materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *    software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * 4. This software, with or without modification, must only be used with a
 *    Nordic Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit.
 *
 * 5. Any software provided in binary form under this license must not be reverse
 *    engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */
/** @file
 *
 * @defgroup ble_sdk_app_bms_main main.c
 * @{
 * @ingroup ble_sdk_app_bms
 * @brief Bond Management Service Sample Application
 *
 * This file contains the source code for a sample application using the Bond Management service.
 *
 */

#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf.h"
#include "app_error.h"
#include "ble.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_srv_common.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "peer_manager.h"
#include "peer_manager_handler.h"
#include "bsp_btn_ble.h"
#include "fds.h"
#include "ble_conn_state.h"
#include "ble_dis.h"
#include "nrf_ble_bms.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"

#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"




#define DEVICE_NAME                     "Averos"                   //If this length exceeds, the program will not run properly //!< Name of device. Will be included in the advertising data.
#define MANUFACTURER_NAME               "Averos"                   //!< Manufacturer. Will be passed to Device Information Service.

#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO           3                                       //!< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value.
#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG            1                                       //!< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration.

#define SECOND_10_MS_UNITS              100                                     //!< Definition of 1 second, when 1 unit is 10 ms.
#define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL               7                                       //!< Minimum acceptable connection interval (0.25 seconds), Connection interval uses 1.25 ms units.
#define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL               400                                     //!< Maximum acceptable connection interval (0.5 second), Connection interval uses 1.25 ms units.
#define SLAVE_LATENCY                   0                                       //!< Slave latency.
#define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT                (4 * SECOND_10_MS_UNITS)                //!< Connection supervisory timeout (4 seconds), Supervision Timeout uses 10 ms units.

#define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY  APP_TIMER_TICKS(15000)                  //!< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (5 seconds).
#define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY   APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000)                   //!< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (30 seconds).
#define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT    3                                       //!< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation.

#define SEC_PARAM_BOND                  1                                       //!< Perform bonding.
#define SEC_PARAM_MITM                  0                                       //!< Man In The Middle protection not required.
#define SEC_PARAM_LESC                  0                                       //!< LE Secure Connections not enabled.
#define SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS              0                                       //!< Keypress notifications not enabled.
#define SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES       BLE_GAP_IO_CAPS_NONE                    //!< No I/O capabilities.
#define SEC_PARAM_OOB                   0                                       //!< Out Of Band data not available.
#define SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE          7                                       //!< Minimum encryption key size.
#define SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE          16                                      //!< Maximum encryption key size.

#define APP_ADV_FAST_INTERVAL           0x0028                                  //!< Fast advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms. This value corresponds to 25 ms.).
#define APP_ADV_DURATION                18000                                   //!< The advertising duration (180 seconds) in units of 10 milliseconds.

#define MEM_BUFF_SIZE                   512
#define DEAD_BEEF                       0xDEADBEEF                              //!< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind.


/*----------------------For iBeacon by AUAK--------------------*/

#define iBeacon_Variables   //The variables introduced for iBeacon settings

#ifdef iBeacon_Variables


/*----------for iBeacon-------------*/

#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "bsp.h"
#include "nrf_soc.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"

/*-------------------------------*/


#define NON_CONNECTABLE_ADV_INTERVAL    MSEC_TO_UNITS(1000, UNIT_0_625_MS)  /**< The advertising interval for non-connectable advertisement (100 ms). This value can vary between 100ms to 10.24s). */

#define APP_BEACON_INFO_LENGTH          0x17                               /**< Total length of information advertised by the Beacon. */
#define APP_ADV_DATA_LENGTH             0x15                               /**< Length of manufacturer specific data in the advertisement. */
#define APP_DEVICE_TYPE                 0x02                               /**< 0x02 refers to Beacon. */
#define APP_MEASURED_RSSI               60                               /**< The Beacon's measured RSSI at 1 meter distance in dBm. */
#define APP_COMPANY_IDENTIFIER          0x004C                             /**< Company identifier for Nordic Semiconductor ASA. as per www.bluetooth.org. */
#define APP_MAJOR_VALUE                 0x27, 0x10                         /**< Major value used to identify Beacons. */  //Changed by AUAK
#define APP_MINOR_VALUE                 0x00, 0x6F                         /**< Minor value used to identify Beacons. */  //Changed by AUAK
#define APP_BEACON_UUID                 0x01, 0x12, 0x23, 0x34, \
                                        0x45, 0x56, 0x67, 0x78, \
                                        0x89, 0x9a, 0xab, 0xbc, \
                                        0xcd, 0xde, 0xef, 0xf0            /**< Proprietary UUID for Beacon. */

static ble_gap_adv_params_t m_adv_params;                                  /**< Parameters to be passed to the stack when starting advertising. */
static uint8_t              m_adv_handle = BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_HANDLE_NOT_SET; /**< Advertising handle used to identify an advertising set. */
static uint8_t              m_enc_advdata[BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_DATA_SIZE_MAX];  /**< Buffer for storing an encoded advertising set. */

/**@brief Struct that contains pointers to the encoded advertising data. */
static ble_gap_adv_data_t m_adv_data =
{
    .adv_data =
    {
        .p_data = m_enc_advdata,
        .len    = BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_DATA_SIZE_MAX
    },
    .scan_rsp_data =
    {
        .p_data = NULL,
        .len    = 0

    }
};

static uint8_t m_beacon_info[APP_BEACON_INFO_LENGTH] =                    /**< Information advertised by the Beacon. */
{
    APP_DEVICE_TYPE,     // Manufacturer specific information. Specifies the device type in this
                         // implementation.
    APP_ADV_DATA_LENGTH, // Manufacturer specific information. Specifies the length of the
                         // manufacturer specific data in this implementation.
    APP_BEACON_UUID,     // 128 bit UUID value.
    APP_MAJOR_VALUE,     // Major arbitrary value that can be used to distinguish between Beacons.
    APP_MINOR_VALUE,     // Minor arbitrary value that can be used to distinguish between Beacons.
    APP_MEASURED_RSSI    // Manufacturer specific information. The Beacon's measured TX power in
                         // this implementation.
};

#endif

/*-------------------------------------------------------*/

NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr);                                                         //!< Context for the Queued Write module.
NRF_BLE_BMS_DEF(m_bms);                                                         //!< Structure used to identify the Bond Management service.
NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt);                                                       //!< GATT module instance.
BLE_ADVERTISING_DEF(m_advertising);                                             //!< Advertising module instance.

static uint16_t                      m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;   //!< Handle of the current connection.
static uint8_t                       m_qwr_mem[MEM_BUFF_SIZE];                  //!< Write buffer for the Queued Write module.
static ble_conn_state_user_flag_id_t m_bms_bonds_to_delete;                     //!< Flags used to identify bonds that should be deleted.

static ble_uuid_t m_adv_uuids[] = {{BLE_UUID_BMS_SERVICE,  BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE},}; //!< Universally unique service identifiers.

#ifdef USE_AUTHORIZATION_CODE
static uint8_t m_auth_code[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}; //0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44
static int m_auth_code_len = sizeof(m_auth_code);
#endif


/**@brief Callback function for asserts in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. You need to analyze
 *          how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
 * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
 *
 * @param[in]   line_num   Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
 * @param[in]   file_name  File name of the failing ASSERT call.
 */
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
 *
 * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
 *          application about an error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Service errors.
 *
 * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
 *          application about an error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void service_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for handling advertising errors.
 *
 * @param[in] nrf_error  Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void ble_advertising_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Clear bond information from persistent storage.
 */
static void delete_bonds(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Erase bonds!");

    err_code = pm_peers_delete();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for starting advertising.
 */
static void advertising_start(bool erase_bonds)
{
    if (erase_bonds == true)
    {
        delete_bonds();
        // Advertising is started by PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED event.
    }
    else
    {
        uint32_t ret;

        ret = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);

        /*--------------For iBeacon added by AUAK--------------*/
       
        #ifdef iBeacon_Variables

        ret_code_t err_code;

        err_code = sd_ble_gap_adv_start(m_adv_handle, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

        err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

        #endif

        /*----------------------------------------------------*/
    }
}


/**@brief Function for the Timer initialization.
 *
* @details Initializes the timer module. This creates and starts application timers.
*/
static void timers_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    // Initialize timer module, making it use the scheduler.
    err_code = app_timer_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
 *
 * @details This function sets up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of the
 *          device including the device name, appearance, and the preferred connection parameters.
 */
static void gap_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t              err_code;
    ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
    ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                          (const uint8_t *)DEVICE_NAME,
                                          strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_appearance_set(BLE_APPEARANCE_UNKNOWN);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));

    gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
    gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT module.
 */
static void gatt_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from bond management service.
 */
void bms_evt_handler(nrf_ble_bms_t * p_ess, nrf_ble_bms_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    bool is_authorized = true;

    switch (p_evt->evt_type)
    {
        case NRF_BLE_BMS_EVT_AUTH:
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Authorization request.");
#if USE_AUTHORIZATION_CODE
            if ((p_evt->auth_code.len != m_auth_code_len) ||
                (memcmp(m_auth_code, p_evt->auth_code.code, m_auth_code_len) != 0))
            {
                is_authorized = false;
            }
#endif
            err_code = nrf_ble_bms_auth_response(&m_bms, is_authorized);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


uint16_t qwr_evt_handler(nrf_ble_qwr_t * p_qwr, nrf_ble_qwr_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    return nrf_ble_bms_on_qwr_evt(&m_bms, p_qwr, p_evt);
}


/**@brief Function for deleting a single bond if it does not belong to a connected peer.
 *
 * This will mark the bond for deferred deletion if the peer is connected.
 */
static void bond_delete(uint16_t conn_handle, void * p_context)
{
    UNUSED_PARAMETER(p_context);
    ret_code_t   err_code;
    pm_peer_id_t peer_id;

    if (ble_conn_state_status(conn_handle) == BLE_CONN_STATUS_CONNECTED)
    {
        ble_conn_state_user_flag_set(conn_handle, m_bms_bonds_to_delete, true);
    }
    else
    {
        NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Attempting to delete bond.");
        err_code = pm_peer_id_get(conn_handle, &peer_id);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        if (peer_id != PM_PEER_ID_INVALID)
        {
            err_code = pm_peer_delete(peer_id);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            ble_conn_state_user_flag_set(conn_handle, m_bms_bonds_to_delete, false);
        }
    }
}


/**@brief Function for performing deferred deletions.
*/
static void delete_disconnected_bonds(void)
{
    uint32_t n_calls = ble_conn_state_for_each_set_user_flag(m_bms_bonds_to_delete, bond_delete, NULL);
    UNUSED_RETURN_VALUE(n_calls);
}


/**@brief Function for marking the requester's bond for deletion.
*/
static void delete_requesting_bond(nrf_ble_bms_t const * p_bms)
{
    NRF_LOG_INFO("Client requested that bond to current device deleted");
    ble_conn_state_user_flag_set(p_bms->conn_handle, m_bms_bonds_to_delete, true);
}


/**@brief Function for deleting all bonds
*/
static void delete_all_bonds(nrf_ble_bms_t const * p_bms)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    uint16_t conn_handle;

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Client requested that all bonds be deleted");

    pm_peer_id_t peer_id = pm_next_peer_id_get(PM_PEER_ID_INVALID);
    while (peer_id != PM_PEER_ID_INVALID)
    {
        err_code = pm_conn_handle_get(peer_id, &conn_handle);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

        bond_delete(conn_handle, NULL);

        peer_id = pm_next_peer_id_get(peer_id);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for deleting all bet requesting device bonds
*/
static void delete_all_except_requesting_bond(nrf_ble_bms_t const * p_bms)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    uint16_t conn_handle;

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Client requested that all bonds except current bond be deleted");

    pm_peer_id_t peer_id = pm_next_peer_id_get(PM_PEER_ID_INVALID);
    while (peer_id != PM_PEER_ID_INVALID)
    {
        err_code = pm_conn_handle_get(peer_id, &conn_handle);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

        /* Do nothing if this is our own bond. */
        if (conn_handle != p_bms->conn_handle)
        {
            bond_delete(conn_handle, NULL);
        }

        peer_id = pm_next_peer_id_get(peer_id);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the services that will be used by the application.
 *
 * @details Initialize the Bond Management and Device Information services.
 */

static void services_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t           err_code;
    ble_dis_init_t       dis_init;
    nrf_ble_bms_init_t   bms_init;
    nrf_ble_qwr_init_t   qwr_init;

    // Initialize Queued Write Module
    memset(&qwr_init, 0, sizeof(qwr_init));
    qwr_init.mem_buffer.len   = MEM_BUFF_SIZE;
    qwr_init.mem_buffer.p_mem = m_qwr_mem;
    qwr_init.callback         = qwr_evt_handler;
    qwr_init.error_handler    = nrf_qwr_error_handler;

    err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Initialize Bond Management Service
    memset(&bms_init, 0, sizeof(bms_init));

    m_bms_bonds_to_delete        = ble_conn_state_user_flag_acquire();
    bms_init.evt_handler         = bms_evt_handler;
    bms_init.error_handler       = service_error_handler;
#if USE_AUTHORIZATION_CODE
    bms_init.feature.delete_requesting_auth         = true;
    bms_init.feature.delete_all_auth                = true;
    bms_init.feature.delete_all_but_requesting_auth = true;
#else
    bms_init.feature.delete_requesting              = true;
    bms_init.feature.delete_all                     = true;
    bms_init.feature.delete_all_but_requesting      = true;
#endif
    bms_init.bms_feature_sec_req = SEC_JUST_WORKS;
    bms_init.bms_ctrlpt_sec_req  = SEC_JUST_WORKS;

    bms_init.p_qwr                                       = &m_qwr;
    bms_init.bond_callbacks.delete_requesting            = delete_requesting_bond;
    bms_init.bond_callbacks.delete_all                   = delete_all_bonds;
    bms_init.bond_callbacks.delete_all_except_requesting = delete_all_except_requesting_bond;

    err_code = nrf_ble_bms_init(&m_bms, &bms_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Initialize Device Information Service.
    memset(&dis_init, 0, sizeof(dis_init));

    ble_srv_ascii_to_utf8(&dis_init.manufact_name_str, MANUFACTURER_NAME);

    dis_init.dis_char_rd_sec = SEC_OPEN;

    err_code = ble_dis_init(&dis_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the Connection Parameter events.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all events in the Connection Parameters Module which
 *          are passed to the application.
 *          @note All this function does is to disconnect. This could have been done by simply
 *                setting the disconnect_on_fail configuration parameter, but instead we use the
 *                event handler mechanism to demonstrate its use.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_evt   Event received from the Connection Parameters Module.
 */
static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
    {
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling a Connection Parameters error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module.
 */
static void conn_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t             err_code;
    ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;

    memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));

    cp_init.p_conn_params                  = NULL;
    cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay  = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count   = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
    cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle    = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID;
    cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = false;
    cp_init.evt_handler                    = on_conn_params_evt;
    cp_init.error_handler                  = conn_params_error_handler;

    err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for putting the chip into sleep mode.
 *
 * @note This function will not return.
 */
static void sleep_mode_enter(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_IDLE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Prepare wakeup buttons.
    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_sleep_mode_prepare();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Go to system-off mode (this function will not return; wakeup will cause a reset).
    err_code = sd_power_system_off();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling advertising events.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for advertising events which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @param[in] ble_adv_evt  Advertising event.
 */
static void on_adv_evt(ble_adv_evt_t ble_adv_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    switch (ble_adv_evt)
    {
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Fast adverstising.");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_IDLE:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.
 */
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = NRF_SUCCESS;

    pm_handler_secure_on_connection(p_ble_evt);

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_CONNECTED);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            m_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
            err_code = nrf_ble_bms_set_conn_handle(&m_bms, m_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected");
            delete_disconnected_bonds();
            m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
            ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
            {
                .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
            };
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Client Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Server Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
 *
 * @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupt.
 */
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
    // Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
    uint32_t ram_start = 0;
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Enable BLE stack.
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Register a handler for BLE events.
    NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL); //Commented for testing AUAK
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from the BSP module.
 *
 * @param[in]   event   Event generated by button press.
 */
static void bsp_event_handler(bsp_event_t event)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    switch (event)
    {
        case BSP_EVENT_SLEEP:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;

        case BSP_EVENT_DISCONNECT:
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
            {
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling Peer Manager events.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Peer Manager event.
 */
static void pm_evt_handler(pm_evt_t const * p_evt)
{
    pm_handler_on_pm_evt(p_evt);
    pm_handler_flash_clean(p_evt);

    switch (p_evt->evt_id)
    {
        case PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED:
            advertising_start(false);
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for the Peer Manager initialization.
 */
static void peer_manager_init(void)
{
    ble_gap_sec_params_t sec_param;
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = pm_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&sec_param, 0, sizeof(ble_gap_sec_params_t));

    // Security parameters to be used for all security procedures.
    sec_param.bond           = SEC_PARAM_BOND;
    sec_param.mitm           = SEC_PARAM_MITM;
    sec_param.lesc           = SEC_PARAM_LESC;
    sec_param.keypress       = SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS;
    sec_param.io_caps        = SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES;
    sec_param.oob            = SEC_PARAM_OOB;
    sec_param.min_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_param.max_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_param.kdist_own.enc  = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_own.id   = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_peer.enc = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_peer.id  = 1;

    err_code = pm_sec_params_set(&sec_param);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = pm_register(pm_evt_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Advertising functionality.
 */
static void advertising_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t     err_code;
    uint8_t        adv_flags;
    ble_advertising_init_t init;



    memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));

    adv_flags                             = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_LIMITED_DISC_MODE; //Changing it (default is: BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_LIMITED_DISC_MODE)
    init.advdata.name_type                = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
    init.advdata.include_appearance       = true;
    init.advdata.flags                    = adv_flags;
    init.advdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt  = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
    init.advdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids   = m_adv_uuids;

    init.config.ble_adv_whitelist_enabled = false;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_enabled      = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_interval     = APP_ADV_FAST_INTERVAL;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_timeout      = APP_ADV_DURATION;
    init.config.ble_adv_slow_enabled      = false;

    init.evt_handler   = on_adv_evt;
    init.error_handler = ble_advertising_error_handler;

    /*------------iBeacon by AUAK------------*/
    #ifdef iBeacon_Variables

    uint32_t err_code_2;
    ble_advdata_t advdata;
    uint8_t       flags =  BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAG_LE_GENERAL_DISC_MODE;  //This changes the type probably (default is:BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAG_BR_EDR_NOT_SUPPORTED)

    ble_advdata_manuf_data_t manuf_specific_data;

    manuf_specific_data.company_identifier = APP_COMPANY_IDENTIFIER;  //Adds the company identifier

#if defined(USE_UICR_FOR_MAJ_MIN_VALUES)
    // If USE_UICR_FOR_MAJ_MIN_VALUES is defined, the major and minor values will be read from the
    // UICR instead of using the default values. The major and minor values obtained from the UICR
    // are encoded into advertising data in big endian order (MSB First).
    // To set the UICR used by this example to a desired value, write to the address 0x10001080
    // using the nrfjprog tool. The command to be used is as follows.
    // nrfjprog --snr <Segger-chip-Serial-Number> --memwr 0x10001080 --val <your major/minor value>
    // For example, for a major value and minor value of 0xabcd and 0x0102 respectively, the
    // the following command should be used.
    // nrfjprog --snr <Segger-chip-Serial-Number> --memwr 0x10001080 --val 0xabcd0102
    uint16_t major_value = ((*(uint32_t *)UICR_ADDRESS) & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16;
    uint16_t minor_value = ((*(uint32_t *)UICR_ADDRESS) & 0x0000FFFF);

    uint8_t index = MAJ_VAL_OFFSET_IN_BEACON_INFO;

    m_beacon_info[index++] = MSB_16(major_value);
    m_beacon_info[index++] = LSB_16(major_value);

    m_beacon_info[index++] = MSB_16(minor_value);
    m_beacon_info[index++] = LSB_16(minor_value);
#endif

    manuf_specific_data.data.p_data = (uint8_t *) m_beacon_info;
    manuf_specific_data.data.size   = APP_BEACON_INFO_LENGTH;

    // Build and set advertising data.
    memset(&advdata, 0, sizeof(advdata));

    advdata.name_type             = BLE_ADVDATA_SHORT_NAME;    //Changes the name of the advertising beacon

    advdata.flags                 = flags;
    advdata.p_manuf_specific_data = &manuf_specific_data;

    // Initialize advertising parameters (used when starting advertising).
    memset(&m_adv_params, 0, sizeof(m_adv_params));

    m_adv_params.properties.type = BLE_GAP_ADV_TYPE_CONNECTABLE_NONSCANNABLE_DIRECTED;   //This is to make it connectable or not (default is:BLE_GAP_ADV_TYPE_NONCONNECTABLE_NONSCANNABLE_UNDIRECTED)
    m_adv_params.p_peer_addr     = NULL;    // Undirected advertisement.
    m_adv_params.filter_policy   = BLE_GAP_ADV_FP_ANY;
    m_adv_params.interval        = NON_CONNECTABLE_ADV_INTERVAL;
    m_adv_params.duration        = 0;       // Never time out.

    err_code_2 = ble_advdata_encode(&advdata, m_adv_data.adv_data.p_data, &m_adv_data.adv_data.len);  //Commented this as the code generated an error code
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code_2);

    err_code_2 = sd_ble_gap_adv_set_configure(&m_adv_handle, &m_adv_data, &m_adv_params); //Commented this as the code generated an error code
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code_2);

    #endif

    /*--------------------------------------------------*/

    err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing buttons and leds.
 *
 * @param[out] p_erase_bonds  Will be true if the clear bonding button was pressed to wake the application up.
 */
static void buttons_leds_init(bool * p_erase_bonds)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    bsp_event_t startup_event;

    err_code = bsp_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS | BSP_INIT_BUTTONS, bsp_event_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_init(NULL, &startup_event);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    *p_erase_bonds = (startup_event == BSP_EVENT_CLEAR_BONDING_DATA);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the nrf log module.
 */
static void log_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}


/**@brief Function for initializing power management.
 */
static void power_management_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
 *
 * @details If there is no pending log operation, then sleep until next the next event occurs.
 */
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
    if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
    {
        nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
    }
}


/**@brief Function for application main entry.
 */
int main(void)
{
    bool erase_bonds;

    // Initialize.
    log_init();
    timers_init();
    buttons_leds_init(&erase_bonds);
    power_management_init();
    ble_stack_init();
    gap_params_init();
    gatt_init();
    advertising_init();
    services_init();
    conn_params_init();
    peer_manager_init();

    // Start execution.
    NRF_LOG_INFO("Bond Management example started.");

    advertising_start(erase_bonds);

    // Enter main loop.
    for (;;)
    {
        idle_state_handle();
    }
}


/**
 * @}
 */