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Peripheral device: Keep advertising during connection

Hi ,

The device required to keep advertising during the connection established.

It is human interface device which mean it is peripheral device as well.

I would like to know whether there is any sample I could take as reference for the structure.

Or it is possible to keep the keyboard_sample for development? If yes, which API or function I should integrate?

In further, I would like to know is it possible to proceed connectable advertisement.

Currently, I just understand that is possible to do non-connectable advertisement.

Thanks.

Parents
  • HI,

    I did the example (https://github.com/jimmywong2003/nrf5-bond-with-2nd-central-example).

    You can find the details in the readme (LINK).

    It uses 2 peripheral roles on the device.

  • Hi Jimmy,

    Thanks for the reply. But it seem a little be different from my requirement.

    Based on your program, it seems that it is still need to interrupt the host A then start advertising again to connect with host B. It is pretty much like the multiperipheral_keyboard does.

    However, the mechanism I would like to achieve is keep the advertise function during the device is still connecting with the host A.

    You can imaging that it is a keyboard with beacon service.

    Thanks.

  • Is it possible to proceed the different service for each host? 

    For instance, run HID service with host A and run HRS service with host B at the same time?

  • CY said:
    Thus, I would like to know if I remove the function will it cause any effect to the HID service?

     You should keep the Peer Manager if you are developing a HID keyboard.

    CY said:
    Could you give me some guide, which parts are necessary to add in the keyboard sample to support multi-peripheral sample?

    I don't have a guide for this, but start by setting NRF_SDH_BLE_PERIPHERAL_LINK_COUNT and NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT in sdk_config.h to 2. You should then replace:

    NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr);                                             /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/

    with

    NRF_BLE_QWRS_DEF(m_qwr, NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT);                          /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/

     in qwr_init(), replace

    err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init_obj);

    with

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT; i++)
        {
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr[i], &qwr_init_obj);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        }

    Add the ble_conn_state Connection state module, and call 

    ble_conn_state_init(); in your service init code.
    Add the on_connected() and on_disconnected() functions found in  ble_app_multiperipheral to your keyboard project.
    CY said:
    For instance, run HID service with host A and run HRS service with host B at the same time?
    Yes, it's possible. But note that the service attribute table is shared, so a master/central has potentially access to both services.
  • Hi Sigurd,

    After I trying to implant the program into my main.c as below code.

    #define HID_MULT 1
    
    #define DEVICE_NAME                         "HID_MULTI"                                 /**< Name of device. Will be included in the advertising data. */
    #define MANUFACTURER_NAME                   "CY"                               /**< Manufacturer. Will be passed to Device Information Service. */
    
    #define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO               3                                          /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */
    #define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG                1                                          /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */
    
    #define BATTERY_LEVEL_MEAS_INTERVAL         APP_TIMER_TICKS(2000)                      /**< Battery level measurement interval (ticks). */
    #define MIN_BATTERY_LEVEL                   5                                          /**< Minimum simulated battery level.*/
    #define MAX_BATTERY_LEVEL                   100                                        /**< Maximum simulated battery level. */
    #define BATTERY_LEVEL_INCREMENT             5                                          /**< Increment between each simulated battery level measurement. */
    
    #define PNP_ID_VENDOR_ID_SOURCE             0x02                                       /**< Vendor ID Source. */
    #define PNP_ID_VENDOR_ID                    0x413C			                               /**< Vendor ID. */
    #define PNP_ID_PRODUCT_ID                   0x81D5 						                         /**< Product ID.*/
    #define PNP_ID_PRODUCT_VERSION              0x0001                                     /**< Product Version. */
    
    
    #define APP_ADV_FAST_INTERVAL               0x0028                                     /**< Fast advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms. This value corresponds to 25 ms.). */
    #define APP_ADV_SLOW_INTERVAL               0x00A0                                     /**< Slow advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms. This value corrsponds to 100 ms). */
    
    #define APP_ADV_FAST_DURATION               0                                     		 /**< The advertising duration of fast advertising in units of 10 milliseconds. */
    #define APP_ADV_SLOW_DURATION               18000                                      /**< The advertising duration of slow advertising in units of 10 milliseconds. */
    
    
    /*lint -emacro(524, MIN_CONN_INTERVAL) // Loss of precision */
    #define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL                   MSEC_TO_UNITS(7.5, UNIT_1_25_MS)           /**< Minimum connection interval (7.5 ms) */
    #define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL                   MSEC_TO_UNITS(15, UNIT_1_25_MS)            /**< Maximum connection interval (15 ms). */
    #define SLAVE_LATENCY                       20                                          /**< Slave latency. */
    #define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT                    MSEC_TO_UNITS(3000, UNIT_10_MS)             /**< Connection supervisory timeout (3000 ms). */
    
    #define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY      APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000)                      /**< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (5 seconds). */
    #define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY       APP_TIMER_TICKS(30000)                     /**< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (30 seconds). */
    #define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT        3                                          /**< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation. */
    
    #define SEC_PARAM_BOND                      1                                          /**< Perform bonding. */
    #define SEC_PARAM_MITM                      0                                          /**< Man In The Middle protection not required. */
    #define SEC_PARAM_LESC                      0                                          /**< LE Secure Connections not enabled. */
    #define SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS                  0                                          /**< Keypress notifications not enabled. */
    #define SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES           BLE_GAP_IO_CAPS_NONE                       /**< No I/O capabilities. */
    #define SEC_PARAM_OOB                       0                                          /**< Out Of Band data not available. */
    #define SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE              7                                          /**< Minimum encryption key size. */
    #define SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE              16                                         /**< Maximum encryption key size. */
    
    
    #define OUTPUT_REPORT_INDEX                 0                                          /**< Index of Output Report. */
    #define OUTPUT_REPORT_MAX_LEN               1                                          /**< Maximum length of Output Report. */
    #define INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_INDEX             0                                          /**< Index of Input Report. */
    #define OUTPUT_REPORT_BIT_MASK_CAPS_LOCK    0x02                                       /**< CAPS LOCK bit in Output Report (based on 'LED Page (0x08)' of the Universal Serial Bus HID Usage Tables). */
    #define INPUT_REP_REF_ID                    0                                          /**< Id of reference to Keyboard Input Report. */
    #define OUTPUT_REP_REF_ID                   0                                          /**< Id of reference to Keyboard Output Report. */
    #define FEATURE_REP_REF_ID                  0                                          /**< ID of reference to Keyboard Feature Report. */
    #define FEATURE_REPORT_MAX_LEN              2                                          /**< Maximum length of Feature Report. */
    #define FEATURE_REPORT_INDEX                0                                          /**< Index of Feature Report. */
    
    #define MAX_BUFFER_ENTRIES                  5                                          /**< Number of elements that can be enqueued */
    
    #define BASE_USB_HID_SPEC_VERSION           0x0101                                     /**< Version number of base USB HID Specification implemented by this application. */
    
    #define INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN           8                                          /**< Maximum length of the Input Report characteristic. */
    #define DEAD_BEEF                           0xDEADBEEF                                 /**< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind. */
    
    #define SCHED_MAX_EVENT_DATA_SIZE           APP_TIMER_SCHED_EVENT_DATA_SIZE            /**< Maximum size of scheduler events. */
    #ifdef SVCALL_AS_NORMAL_FUNCTION
    #define SCHED_QUEUE_SIZE                    20                                         /**< Maximum number of events in the scheduler queue. More is needed in case of Serialization. */
    #else
    #define SCHED_QUEUE_SIZE                    10                                         /**< Maximum number of events in the scheduler queue. */
    #endif
    
    
    #define MODIFIER_KEY_POS                    0                                          /**< Position of the modifier byte in the Input Report. */
    #define SCAN_CODE_POS                       2                                          /**< The start position of the key scan code in a HID Report. */
    #define MAX_KEYS_IN_ONE_REPORT              (INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN - SCAN_CODE_POS)/**< Maximum number of key presses that can be sent in one Input Report. */
    
    // General application timer settings.
    #define APP_TIMER_PRESCALER             16    // RTC PRESCALER register value.
    #define APP_TIMER_OP_QUEUE_SIZE         2     // Size of timer operation queues.
    
    #define UART_TX_BUF_SIZE                256                                         /**< UART TX buffer size. */
    #define UART_RX_BUF_SIZE                256                                         /**< UART RX buffer size. */
    
    /**Buffer queue access macros
     *
     * @{ */
    /** Initialization of buffer list */
    #define BUFFER_LIST_INIT()     \
        do                         \
        {                          \
            buffer_list.rp    = 0; \
            buffer_list.wp    = 0; \
            buffer_list.count = 0; \
        } while (0)
    
    /** Provide status of data list is full or not */
    #define BUFFER_LIST_FULL() \
        ((MAX_BUFFER_ENTRIES == buffer_list.count - 1) ? true : false)
    
    /** Provides status of buffer list is empty or not */
    #define BUFFER_LIST_EMPTY() \
        ((0 == buffer_list.count) ? true : false)
    
    #define BUFFER_ELEMENT_INIT(i)                 \
        do                                         \
        {                                          \
            buffer_list.buffer[(i)].p_data = NULL; \
        } while (0)
    
    /** @} */
    
    /** Abstracts buffer element */
    typedef struct hid_key_buffer
    {
        uint8_t      data_offset; /**< Max Data that can be buffered for all entries */
        uint8_t      data_len;    /**< Total length of data */
        uint8_t    * p_data;      /**< Scanned key pattern */
        ble_hids_t * p_instance;  /**< Identifies peer and service instance */
    } buffer_entry_t;
    
    STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(buffer_entry_t) % 4 == 0);
    
    /** Circular buffer list */
    typedef struct
    {
        buffer_entry_t buffer[MAX_BUFFER_ENTRIES]; /**< Maximum number of entries that can enqueued in the list */
        uint8_t        rp;                         /**< Index to the read location */
        uint8_t        wp;                         /**< Index to write location */
        uint8_t        count;                      /**< Number of elements in the list */
    } buffer_list_t;
    
    STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(buffer_list_t) % 4 == 0);
    
    
    APP_TIMER_DEF(m_battery_timer_id);                                  /**< Battery timer. */
    
    BLE_HIDS_DEF(m_hids,                                                /**< Structure used to identify the HID service. */
                 NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT,
                 INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN,
                 OUTPUT_REPORT_MAX_LEN,
                 FEATURE_REPORT_MAX_LEN);
    BLE_BAS_DEF(m_bas);                                                 /**< Structure used to identify the battery service. */
    NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt);                                           /**< GATT module instance. */
    
    #if HID_MULT == 0
    NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr);                                             /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/
    #else
    NRF_BLE_QWRS_DEF(m_qwr, NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT);
    static uint8_t m_adv_handle = BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_HANDLE_NOT_SET;
    #endif
    BLE_ADVERTISING_DEF(m_advertising);                                 /**< Advertising module instance. */
    APP_TIMER_DEF(m_button_action);																			/**<press button event.  */
    
    static bool              m_in_boot_mode = false;                    /**< Current protocol mode. */
    static uint16_t          m_conn_handle  = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;  /**< Handle of the current connection. */
    static sensorsim_cfg_t   m_battery_sim_cfg;                         /**< Battery Level sensor simulator configuration. */
    static sensorsim_state_t m_battery_sim_state;                       /**< Battery Level sensor simulator state. */
    static pm_peer_id_t      m_peer_id;                                 /**< Device reference handle to the current bonded central. */
    static buffer_list_t     buffer_list;                               /**< List to enqueue not just data to be sent, but also related information like the handle, connection handle etc */
    
    static ble_uuid_t m_adv_uuids[] = {
    																		{BLE_UUID_HUMAN_INTERFACE_DEVICE_SERVICE, BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE},
    																	};
    
    
    
    static void on_hids_evt(ble_hids_t * p_hids, ble_hids_evt_t * p_evt);
    
    /**@brief Callback function for asserts in the SoftDevice.
     *
     * @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
     *
     * @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. You need to analyze
     *          how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
     * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
     *
     * @param[in]   line_num   Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
     * @param[in]   file_name  File name of the failing ASSERT call.
     */
    void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
    {
        app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for setting filtered whitelist.
     *
     * @param[in] skip  Filter passed to @ref pm_peer_id_list.
     */
    static void whitelist_set(pm_peer_id_list_skip_t skip)
    {
        pm_peer_id_t peer_ids[BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT];
        uint32_t     peer_id_count = BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT;
    
        ret_code_t err_code = pm_peer_id_list(peer_ids, &peer_id_count, PM_PEER_ID_INVALID, skip);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        NRF_LOG_INFO("\tm_whitelist_peer_cnt %d, MAX_PEERS_WLIST %d",
                       peer_id_count + 1,
                       BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT);
    
        err_code = pm_whitelist_set(peer_ids, peer_id_count);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for setting filtered device identities.
     *
     * @param[in] skip  Filter passed to @ref pm_peer_id_list.
     */
    static void identities_set(pm_peer_id_list_skip_t skip)
    {
        pm_peer_id_t peer_ids[BLE_GAP_DEVICE_IDENTITIES_MAX_COUNT];
        uint32_t     peer_id_count = BLE_GAP_DEVICE_IDENTITIES_MAX_COUNT;
    
        ret_code_t err_code = pm_peer_id_list(peer_ids, &peer_id_count, PM_PEER_ID_INVALID, skip);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        err_code = pm_device_identities_list_set(peer_ids, peer_id_count);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Clear bond information from persistent storage.
     */
    static void delete_bonds(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
    
        NRF_LOG_INFO("Erase bonds!");
    
        err_code = pm_peers_delete();
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    
    /**@brief Function for starting advertising.
     */
    static void advertising_start(bool erase_bonds)
    {
        if (erase_bonds == true)
        {
            delete_bonds();
            // Advertising is started by PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED event.
        }
        else
        {
            whitelist_set(PM_PEER_ID_LIST_SKIP_NO_ID_ADDR);
    
            ret_code_t ret = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling Peer Manager events.
     *
     * @param[in] p_evt  Peer Manager event.
     */
    static void pm_evt_handler(pm_evt_t const * p_evt)
    {
        pm_handler_on_pm_evt(p_evt);
        pm_handler_flash_clean(p_evt);
    
        switch (p_evt->evt_id)
        {
            case PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED:
                advertising_start(false);
                break;
    
            case PM_EVT_PEER_DATA_UPDATE_SUCCEEDED:
                if (     p_evt->params.peer_data_update_succeeded.flash_changed
                     && (p_evt->params.peer_data_update_succeeded.data_id == PM_PEER_DATA_ID_BONDING))
                {
                    NRF_LOG_INFO("New Bond, add the peer to the whitelist if possible");
                    // Note: You should check on what kind of white list policy your application should use.
    
                    whitelist_set(PM_PEER_ID_LIST_SKIP_NO_ID_ADDR);
                }
                break;
    
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling Service errors.
     *
     * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
     *          application about an error.
     *
     * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
     */
    static void service_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling advertising errors.
     *
     * @param[in] nrf_error  Error code containing information about what went wrong.
     */
    static void ble_advertising_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for performing a battery measurement, and update the Battery Level characteristic in the Battery Service.
     */
    static void battery_level_update(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
        uint8_t  battery_level;
    
        battery_level = (uint8_t)sensorsim_measure(&m_battery_sim_state, &m_battery_sim_cfg);
    
        err_code = ble_bas_battery_level_update(&m_bas, battery_level, BLE_CONN_HANDLE_ALL);
        if ((err_code != NRF_SUCCESS) &&
            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_BUSY) &&
            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES) &&
            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_FORBIDDEN) &&
            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE) &&
            (err_code != BLE_ERROR_GATTS_SYS_ATTR_MISSING)
           )
        {
            APP_ERROR_HANDLER(err_code);
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling the Battery measurement timer timeout.
     *
     * @details This function will be called each time the battery level measurement timer expires.
     *
     * @param[in]   p_context   Pointer used for passing some arbitrary information (context) from the
     *                          app_start_timer() call to the timeout handler.
     */
    static void battery_level_meas_timeout_handler(void * p_context)
    {
        UNUSED_PARAMETER(p_context);
        battery_level_update();
    }
    
    
    
    
    /**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
     *
     * @details This function sets up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of the
     *          device including the device name, appearance, and the preferred connection parameters.
     */
    static void gap_params_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t              err_code;
        ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
        ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;
    
        BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);
    
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                              (const uint8_t *)DEVICE_NAME,
                                              strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_appearance_set(BLE_APPEARANCE_HID_KEYBOARD); 
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));
    
        gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
        gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
        gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
        gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;
    
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing the GATT module.
     */
    static void gatt_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, NULL);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
     *
     * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
     *          application about an error.
     *
     * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
     */
    static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing the Queued Write Module.
     */
    static void qwr_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t         err_code;
        nrf_ble_qwr_init_t qwr_init_obj = {0};
    
        qwr_init_obj.error_handler = nrf_qwr_error_handler;
    		
    	#if HID_MULT ==0
        err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init_obj);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    	#else
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT; i++)
        {
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr[i], &qwr_init_obj);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        }
    	#endif
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing Device Information Service.
     */
    static void dis_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t       err_code;
        ble_dis_init_t   dis_init_obj;
        ble_dis_pnp_id_t pnp_id;
    
        pnp_id.vendor_id_source = PNP_ID_VENDOR_ID_SOURCE;
        pnp_id.vendor_id        = PNP_ID_VENDOR_ID;
        pnp_id.product_id       = PNP_ID_PRODUCT_ID;
        pnp_id.product_version  = PNP_ID_PRODUCT_VERSION;
    
        memset(&dis_init_obj, 0, sizeof(dis_init_obj));
    
        ble_srv_ascii_to_utf8(&dis_init_obj.manufact_name_str, MANUFACTURER_NAME);
        dis_init_obj.p_pnp_id = &pnp_id;
    
        dis_init_obj.dis_char_rd_sec = SEC_OPEN;
    
        err_code = ble_dis_init(&dis_init_obj);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing Battery Service.
     */
    static void bas_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t     err_code;
        ble_bas_init_t bas_init_obj;
    
        memset(&bas_init_obj, 0, sizeof(bas_init_obj));
    
        bas_init_obj.evt_handler          = NULL;
        bas_init_obj.support_notification = true;
        bas_init_obj.p_report_ref         = NULL;
        bas_init_obj.initial_batt_level   = 100;
    
        bas_init_obj.bl_rd_sec        = SEC_OPEN;
        bas_init_obj.bl_cccd_wr_sec   = SEC_OPEN;
        bas_init_obj.bl_report_rd_sec = SEC_OPEN;
    
        err_code = ble_bas_init(&m_bas, &bas_init_obj);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing HID Service.
     */
    static void hids_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t                    err_code;
        ble_hids_init_t               hids_init_obj;
        ble_hids_inp_rep_init_t     * p_input_report;
        ble_hids_outp_rep_init_t    * p_output_report;
        ble_hids_feature_rep_init_t * p_feature_report;
        uint8_t                       hid_info_flags;
    
        static ble_hids_inp_rep_init_t     input_report_array[1];
        static ble_hids_outp_rep_init_t    output_report_array[1];
        static ble_hids_feature_rep_init_t feature_report_array[1];
        static uint8_t                     report_map_data[] =
        {
            0x05, 0x01,       // Usage Page (Generic Desktop)
            0x09, 0x06,       // Usage (Keyboard)
            0xA1, 0x01,       // Collection (Application)
    
    		0x05, 0x07,       // Usage Page (Key Codes)
            0x19, 0xe0,       // Usage Minimum (224)
            0x29, 0xe7,       // Usage Maximum (231)
            0x15, 0x00,       // Logical Minimum (0)
            0x25, 0x01,       // Logical Maximum (1)
            0x75, 0x01,       // Report Size (1)
            0x95, 0x08,       // Report Count (8)
            0x81, 0x02,       // Input (Data, Variable, Absolute)
    
            0x95, 0x01,       // Report Count (1)
            0x75, 0x08,       // Report Size (8)
            0x81, 0x01,       // Input (Constant) reserved byte(1)
    
            0x95, 0x05,       // Report Count (5)
            0x75, 0x01,       // Report Size (1)
            0x05, 0x08,       // Usage Page (Page# for LEDs)
            0x19, 0x01,       // Usage Minimum (1)
            0x29, 0x05,       // Usage Maximum (5)
            0x91, 0x02,       // Output (Data, Variable, Absolute), Led report
            0x95, 0x01,       // Report Count (1)
            0x75, 0x03,       // Report Size (3)
            0x91, 0x01,       // Output (Data, Variable, Absolute), Led report padding
    
            0x95, 0x06,       // Report Count (6)
            0x75, 0x08,       // Report Size (8)
            0x15, 0x00,       // Logical Minimum (0)
            
            0x25, 0x65,       // Logical Maximum (101)
            
            0x05, 0x07,       // Usage Page (Key codes)
            0x19, 0x00,       // Usage Minimum (0)
            
            0x29, 0x65,       // Usage Maximum (101)
    
            
            0x81, 0x00,       // Input (Data, Array) Key array(6 bytes)
    
            0x09, 0x05,       // Usage (Vendor Defined)
            0x15, 0x00,       // Logical Minimum (0)
            0x26, 0xFF, 0x00, // Logical Maximum (255)
            0x75, 0x08,       // Report Size (8 bit)
            0x95, 0x02,       // Report Count (2)
            0xB1, 0x02,       // Feature (Data, Variable, Absolute)
    
            0xC0,              // End Collection (Application)
    };
    
        memset((void *)input_report_array, 0, sizeof(ble_hids_inp_rep_init_t));
        memset((void *)output_report_array, 0, sizeof(ble_hids_outp_rep_init_t));
        memset((void *)feature_report_array, 0, sizeof(ble_hids_feature_rep_init_t));
    
        // Initialize HID Service
        p_input_report                      = &input_report_array[INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_INDEX];
        p_input_report->max_len             = INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN;
        p_input_report->rep_ref.report_id   = INPUT_REP_REF_ID;
        p_input_report->rep_ref.report_type = BLE_HIDS_REP_TYPE_INPUT;
    
    
        p_input_report->sec.cccd_wr = SEC_OPEN;
        p_input_report->sec.wr      = SEC_OPEN;
        p_input_report->sec.rd      = SEC_OPEN;
    
        p_output_report                      = &output_report_array[OUTPUT_REPORT_INDEX];
        p_output_report->max_len             = OUTPUT_REPORT_MAX_LEN;
        p_output_report->rep_ref.report_id   = OUTPUT_REP_REF_ID;
        p_output_report->rep_ref.report_type = BLE_HIDS_REP_TYPE_OUTPUT;
    
        p_output_report->sec.wr = SEC_OPEN;
        p_output_report->sec.rd = SEC_OPEN;
    
        p_feature_report                      = &feature_report_array[FEATURE_REPORT_INDEX];
        p_feature_report->max_len             = FEATURE_REPORT_MAX_LEN;
        p_feature_report->rep_ref.report_id   = FEATURE_REP_REF_ID;
        p_feature_report->rep_ref.report_type = BLE_HIDS_REP_TYPE_FEATURE;
    
        p_feature_report->sec.rd              = SEC_OPEN;
        p_feature_report->sec.wr              = SEC_OPEN;
    
        hid_info_flags = HID_INFO_FLAG_REMOTE_WAKE_MSK | HID_INFO_FLAG_NORMALLY_CONNECTABLE_MSK;
    
        memset(&hids_init_obj, 0, sizeof(hids_init_obj));
    
        hids_init_obj.evt_handler                    = on_hids_evt;
        hids_init_obj.error_handler                  = service_error_handler;
        hids_init_obj.is_kb                          = true;
        hids_init_obj.is_mouse                       = false;
    	hids_init_obj.inp_rep_count                  = 1;
    
        hids_init_obj.p_inp_rep_array                = input_report_array;
        hids_init_obj.outp_rep_count                 = 1;
        hids_init_obj.p_outp_rep_array               = output_report_array;
        hids_init_obj.feature_rep_count              = 1;
        hids_init_obj.p_feature_rep_array            = feature_report_array;
        hids_init_obj.rep_map.data_len               = sizeof(report_map_data);
        hids_init_obj.rep_map.p_data                 = report_map_data;
        hids_init_obj.hid_information.bcd_hid        = BASE_USB_HID_SPEC_VERSION;
        hids_init_obj.hid_information.b_country_code = 0;
        hids_init_obj.hid_information.flags          = hid_info_flags;
        hids_init_obj.included_services_count        = 0;
        hids_init_obj.p_included_services_array      = NULL;
    
        hids_init_obj.rep_map.rd_sec         = SEC_OPEN;
        hids_init_obj.hid_information.rd_sec = SEC_OPEN;
    
        hids_init_obj.boot_kb_inp_rep_sec.cccd_wr = SEC_OPEN;
        hids_init_obj.boot_kb_inp_rep_sec.rd      = SEC_OPEN;
    
        hids_init_obj.boot_kb_outp_rep_sec.rd = SEC_OPEN;
        hids_init_obj.boot_kb_outp_rep_sec.wr = SEC_OPEN;
    
        hids_init_obj.protocol_mode_rd_sec = SEC_OPEN;
        hids_init_obj.protocol_mode_wr_sec = SEC_OPEN;
        hids_init_obj.ctrl_point_wr_sec    = SEC_OPEN;
    
        err_code = ble_hids_init(&m_hids, &hids_init_obj);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing services that will be used by the application.
     */
    static void services_init(void)
    {
        qwr_init();
        dis_init();
        bas_init();
        hids_init();
    	
    	#if HID_MULT==1
    	ble_conn_state_init();
    	#endif
    	
    }
    
    static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
    {
        uint32_t err_code;
    
        if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
        {
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        }
    }
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing the battery sensor simulator.
     */
    static void sensor_simulator_init(void)
    {
        m_battery_sim_cfg.min          = MIN_BATTERY_LEVEL;
        m_battery_sim_cfg.max          = MAX_BATTERY_LEVEL;
        m_battery_sim_cfg.incr         = BATTERY_LEVEL_INCREMENT;
        m_battery_sim_cfg.start_at_max = true;
    
        sensorsim_init(&m_battery_sim_state, &m_battery_sim_cfg);
    }
    
    /**@brief Function for handling a Connection Parameters error.
     *
     * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
     */
    static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module.
     */
    static void conn_params_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t             err_code;
        ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;
    
        memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));
    
        cp_init.p_conn_params                  = NULL;
        cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
        cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay  = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
        cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count   = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
        cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle    = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID;
        #if HID_MULT==1
        cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = true;
        cp_init.evt_handler                    = on_conn_params_evt;
        #else
        cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = false;
        cp_init.evt_handler                    = NULL;
        #endif
        cp_init.error_handler                  = conn_params_error_handler;
    
        err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for starting timers.
     */
    static void timers_start(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
    
        err_code = app_timer_start(m_battery_timer_id, BATTERY_LEVEL_MEAS_INTERVAL, NULL);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief   Function for transmitting a key scan Press & Release Notification.
     *
     * @warning This handler is an example only. You need to analyze how you wish to send the key
     *          release.
     *
     * @param[in]  p_instance     Identifies the service for which Key Notifications are requested.
     * @param[in]  p_key_pattern  Pointer to key pattern.
     * @param[in]  pattern_len    Length of key pattern. 0 < pattern_len < 7.
     * @param[in]  pattern_offset Offset applied to Key Pattern for transmission.
     * @param[out] actual_len     Provides actual length of Key Pattern transmitted, making buffering of
     *                            rest possible if needed.
     * @return     NRF_SUCCESS on success, NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES in case transmission could not be
     *             completed due to lack of transmission buffer or other error codes indicating reason
     *             for failure.
     */
    static uint32_t send_key_scan_press_release(ble_hids_t * p_hids,
                                                uint8_t    * p_key_pattern,
                                                uint16_t     pattern_len,
                                                uint16_t     pattern_offset,
                                                uint16_t   * p_actual_len)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
        uint16_t offset;
        uint16_t data_len;
        uint8_t  data[INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN];
    
        // HID Report Descriptor enumerates an array of size 6, the pattern hence shall not be any
        // longer than this.
        STATIC_ASSERT((INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN - 2) == 6);
    
        ASSERT(pattern_len <= (INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN - 2));
    
        offset   = pattern_offset;
        data_len = pattern_len;
    
        do
        {
            // Reset the data buffer.
            memset(data, 0, sizeof(data));
    
            // Copy the scan code.
            memcpy(data + SCAN_CODE_POS + offset, p_key_pattern + offset, data_len - offset);
    
            if (!m_in_boot_mode)
            {
                err_code = ble_hids_inp_rep_send(p_hids,
                                                 INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_INDEX,
                                                 INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN,
                                                 data,
                                                 m_conn_handle);
            }
            else
            {
                err_code = ble_hids_boot_kb_inp_rep_send(p_hids,
                                                         INPUT_REPORT_KEYS_MAX_LEN,
                                                         data,
                                                         m_conn_handle);
            }
    
            if (err_code != NRF_SUCCESS)
            {
                break;
            }
    
            offset++;
        }
        while (offset <= data_len);
    
        *p_actual_len = offset;
    
        return err_code;
    }
    
    
    /**@brief   Function for initializing the buffer queue used to key events that could not be
     *          transmitted
     *
     * @warning This handler is an example only. You need to analyze how you wish to buffer or buffer at
     *          all.
     *
     * @note    In case of HID keyboard, a temporary buffering could be employed to handle scenarios
     *          where encryption is not yet enabled or there was a momentary link loss or there were no
     *          Transmit buffers.
     */
    static void buffer_init(void)
    {
        uint32_t buffer_count;
    
        BUFFER_LIST_INIT();
    
        for (buffer_count = 0; buffer_count < MAX_BUFFER_ENTRIES; buffer_count++)
        {
            BUFFER_ELEMENT_INIT(buffer_count);
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for enqueuing key scan patterns that could not be transmitted either completely
     *        or partially.
     *
     * @warning This handler is an example only. You need to analyze how you wish to send the key
     *          release.
     *
     * @param[in]  p_hids         Identifies the service for which Key Notifications are buffered.
     * @param[in]  p_key_pattern  Pointer to key pattern.
     * @param[in]  pattern_len    Length of key pattern.
     * @param[in]  offset         Offset applied to Key Pattern when requesting a transmission on
     *                            dequeue, @ref buffer_dequeue.
     * @return     NRF_SUCCESS on success, else an error code indicating reason for failure.
     */
    static uint32_t buffer_enqueue(ble_hids_t * p_hids,
                                   uint8_t    * p_key_pattern,
                                   uint16_t     pattern_len,
                                   uint16_t     offset)
    {
        buffer_entry_t * element;
        uint32_t         err_code = NRF_SUCCESS;
    
        if (BUFFER_LIST_FULL())
        {
            // Element cannot be buffered.
            err_code = NRF_ERROR_NO_MEM;
        }
        else
        {
            // Make entry of buffer element and copy data.
            element              = &buffer_list.buffer[(buffer_list.wp)];
            element->p_instance  = p_hids;
            element->p_data      = p_key_pattern;
            element->data_offset = offset;
            element->data_len    = pattern_len;
    
            buffer_list.count++;
            buffer_list.wp++;
    
            if (buffer_list.wp == MAX_BUFFER_ENTRIES)
            {
                buffer_list.wp = 0;
            }
        }
    
        return err_code;
    }
    
    
    /**@brief   Function to dequeue key scan patterns that could not be transmitted either completely of
     *          partially.
     *
     * @warning This handler is an example only. You need to analyze how you wish to send the key
     *          release.
     *
     * @param[in]  tx_flag   Indicative of whether the dequeue should result in transmission or not.
     * @note       A typical example when all keys are dequeued with transmission is when link is
     *             disconnected.
     *
     * @return     NRF_SUCCESS on success, else an error code indicating reason for failure.
     */
    static uint32_t buffer_dequeue(bool tx_flag)
    {
        buffer_entry_t * p_element;
        uint32_t         err_code = NRF_SUCCESS;
        uint16_t         actual_len;
    
        if (BUFFER_LIST_EMPTY())
        {
            err_code = NRF_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        else
        {
            bool remove_element = true;
    
            p_element = &buffer_list.buffer[(buffer_list.rp)];
    
            if (tx_flag)
            {
                err_code = send_key_scan_press_release(p_element->p_instance,
                                                       p_element->p_data,
                                                       p_element->data_len,
                                                       p_element->data_offset,
                                                       &actual_len);
                // An additional notification is needed for release of all keys, therefore check
                // is for actual_len <= element->data_len and not actual_len < element->data_len
                if ((err_code == NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES) && (actual_len <= p_element->data_len))
                {
                    // Transmission could not be completed, do not remove the entry, adjust next data to
                    // be transmitted
                    p_element->data_offset = actual_len;
                    remove_element         = false;
                }
            }
    
            if (remove_element)
            {
                BUFFER_ELEMENT_INIT(buffer_list.rp);
    
                buffer_list.rp++;
                buffer_list.count--;
    
                if (buffer_list.rp == MAX_BUFFER_ENTRIES)
                {
                    buffer_list.rp = 0;
                }
            }
        }
    
        return err_code;
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for sending sample key presses to the peer.
     *
     * @param[in]   key_pattern_len   Pattern length.
     * @param[in]   p_key_pattern     Pattern to be sent.
     */
    static void keys_send(uint8_t key_pattern_len, uint8_t * p_key_pattern)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
        uint16_t actual_len;
    
        err_code = send_key_scan_press_release(&m_hids,
                                               p_key_pattern,
                                               key_pattern_len,
                                               0,
                                               &actual_len);
        // An additional notification is needed for release of all keys, therefore check
        // is for actual_len <= key_pattern_len and not actual_len < key_pattern_len.
        if ((err_code == NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES) && (actual_len <= key_pattern_len))
        {
            // Buffer enqueue routine return value is not intentionally checked.
            // Rationale: Its better to have a a few keys missing than have a system
            // reset. Recommendation is to work out most optimal value for
            // MAX_BUFFER_ENTRIES to minimize chances of buffer queue full condition
            UNUSED_VARIABLE(buffer_enqueue(&m_hids, p_key_pattern, key_pattern_len, actual_len));
        }
    
    
        if ((err_code != NRF_SUCCESS) &&
            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE) &&
            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES) &&
            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_BUSY) &&
            (err_code != BLE_ERROR_GATTS_SYS_ATTR_MISSING)
           )
        {
            APP_ERROR_HANDLER(err_code);
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling the HID Report Characteristic Write event.
     *
     * @param[in]   p_evt   HID service event.
     */
    static void on_hid_rep_char_write(ble_hids_evt_t * p_evt)
    {
        if (p_evt->params.char_write.char_id.rep_type == BLE_HIDS_REP_TYPE_OUTPUT)
        {
            ret_code_t err_code;
            uint8_t  report_val;
            uint8_t  report_index = p_evt->params.char_write.char_id.rep_index;
    
            if (report_index == OUTPUT_REPORT_INDEX)
            {
                // This code assumes that the output report is one byte long. Hence the following
                // static assert is made.
                STATIC_ASSERT(OUTPUT_REPORT_MAX_LEN == 1);
    
                err_code = ble_hids_outp_rep_get(&m_hids,
                                                 report_index,
                                                 OUTPUT_REPORT_MAX_LEN,
                                                 0,
                                                 m_conn_handle,
                                                 &report_val);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for putting the chip into sleep mode.
     *
     * @note This function will not return.
     */
    static void sleep_mode_enter(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
    
        err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_IDLE);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        // Prepare wakeup buttons.
        err_code = bsp_btn_ble_sleep_mode_prepare();
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        // Go to system-off mode (this function will not return; wakeup will cause a reset).
        err_code = sd_power_system_off();
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling HID events.
     *
     * @details This function will be called for all HID events which are passed to the application.
     *
     * @param[in]   p_hids  HID service structure.
     * @param[in]   p_evt   Event received from the HID service.
     */
    static void on_hids_evt(ble_hids_t * p_hids, ble_hids_evt_t * p_evt)
    {
        switch (p_evt->evt_type)
        {
            case BLE_HIDS_EVT_BOOT_MODE_ENTERED:
                m_in_boot_mode = true;
                break;
    
            case BLE_HIDS_EVT_REPORT_MODE_ENTERED:
                m_in_boot_mode = false;
                break;
    
            case BLE_HIDS_EVT_REP_CHAR_WRITE:
                on_hid_rep_char_write(p_evt);
                break;
    
            case BLE_HIDS_EVT_NOTIF_ENABLED:
                break;
    
            default:
                // No implementation needed.
                break;
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling advertising events.
     *
     * @details This function will be called for advertising events which are passed to the application.
     *
     * @param[in] ble_adv_evt  Advertising event.
     */
    static void on_adv_evt(ble_adv_evt_t ble_adv_evt)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
    
        switch (ble_adv_evt)
        {
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_DIRECTED_HIGH_DUTY:
                NRF_LOG_INFO("High Duty Directed advertising.");
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING_DIRECTED);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
    
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_DIRECTED:
                NRF_LOG_INFO("Directed advertising.");
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING_DIRECTED);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
    
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST:
                NRF_LOG_INFO("Fast advertising.");
    
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_IDLE);
    						//err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
    
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_SLOW:
                NRF_LOG_INFO("Slow advertising.");
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING_SLOW);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
    
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST_WHITELIST:
                NRF_LOG_INFO("Fast advertising with whitelist.");
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING_WHITELIST);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
    
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_SLOW_WHITELIST:
                NRF_LOG_INFO("Slow advertising with whitelist.");
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING_WHITELIST);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
    
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_IDLE:
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_IDLE);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                
                sleep_mode_enter();
                break;
    
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_WHITELIST_REQUEST:
            {
                ble_gap_addr_t whitelist_addrs[BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT];
                ble_gap_irk_t  whitelist_irks[BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT];
                uint32_t       addr_cnt = BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT;
                uint32_t       irk_cnt  = BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT;
    
                err_code = pm_whitelist_get(whitelist_addrs, &addr_cnt,
                                            whitelist_irks,  &irk_cnt);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                NRF_LOG_DEBUG("pm_whitelist_get returns %d addr in whitelist and %d irk whitelist",
                              addr_cnt, irk_cnt);
    
                // Set the correct identities list (no excluding peers with no Central Address Resolution).
                identities_set(PM_PEER_ID_LIST_SKIP_NO_IRK);
    
                // Apply the whitelist.
                err_code = ble_advertising_whitelist_reply(&m_advertising,
                                                           whitelist_addrs,
                                                           addr_cnt,
                                                           whitelist_irks,
                                                           irk_cnt);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            } break; //BLE_ADV_EVT_WHITELIST_REQUEST
    
            case BLE_ADV_EVT_PEER_ADDR_REQUEST:
            {
                pm_peer_data_bonding_t peer_bonding_data;
    
                // Only Give peer address if we have a handle to the bonded peer.
                if (m_peer_id != PM_PEER_ID_INVALID)
                {
                    err_code = pm_peer_data_bonding_load(m_peer_id, &peer_bonding_data);
                    if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_NOT_FOUND)
                    {
                        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
                        // Manipulate identities to exclude peers with no Central Address Resolution.
                        identities_set(PM_PEER_ID_LIST_SKIP_ALL);
    
                        ble_gap_addr_t * p_peer_addr = &(peer_bonding_data.peer_ble_id.id_addr_info);
                        err_code = ble_advertising_peer_addr_reply(&m_advertising, p_peer_addr);
                        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                    }
                }
            } break; //BLE_ADV_EVT_PEER_ADDR_REQUEST
    
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    
    #if HID_MULT ==1
    /**@brief Function for handling the Connected event.
     *
     * @param[in] p_gap_evt GAP event received from the BLE stack.
     */
    static void on_connected(const ble_gap_evt_t * const p_gap_evt)
    {
        ret_code_t  err_code;
        uint32_t    periph_link_cnt = ble_conn_state_peripheral_conn_count(); // Number of peripheral links.
    
        NRF_LOG_INFO("Connection with link 0x%x established.", p_gap_evt->conn_handle);
    
        // Assign connection handle to available instance of QWR module.
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < NRF_SDH_BLE_PERIPHERAL_LINK_COUNT; i++)
        {
            if (m_qwr[i].conn_handle == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr[i], p_gap_evt->conn_handle);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
            }
        }
        // Update LEDs
        bsp_board_led_on(LED_3);
        if (periph_link_cnt == NRF_SDH_BLE_PERIPHERAL_LINK_COUNT)
        {
            bsp_board_led_off(LED_4);
        }
        else
        {
            // Continue advertising. More connections can be established because the maximum link count has not been reached.
            advertising_start(true);
        }
    
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling the Disconnected event.
     *
     * @param[in] p_gap_evt GAP event received from the BLE stack.
     */
    static void on_disconnected(ble_gap_evt_t const * const p_gap_evt)
    {
        ret_code_t  err_code;
        uint32_t    periph_link_cnt = ble_conn_state_peripheral_conn_count(); // Number of peripheral links.
    
        NRF_LOG_INFO("Connection 0x%x has been disconnected. Reason: 0x%X",
                     p_gap_evt->conn_handle,
                     p_gap_evt->params.disconnected.reason);
    
        if (periph_link_cnt == 0)
        {
    		advertising_start(true);
            bsp_board_led_off(LED_3);
    		APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        }
    
        if (periph_link_cnt == (NRF_SDH_BLE_PERIPHERAL_LINK_COUNT - 1))
        {
            // Advertising is not running when all connections are taken, and must therefore be started.
            advertising_start(true);
            }
    }
    #endif
    
    /**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
     *
     * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
     * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.
     */
    static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
    
        switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
        {
            case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
                
    			NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected");
    			#if HID_MULT ==0
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_CONNECTED);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                m_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
                err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_conn_handle);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    			#else
    			on_connected(&p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt);
    			#endif
                break;
    
            case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
                NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected");
                // Dequeue all keys without transmission.
                (void) buffer_dequeue(false);
    			#if HID_MULT ==0
                m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
    
                err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ALERT_OFF);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    			#else
    			on_disconnected(&p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt);
    			#endif
    			delete_bonds();
    				
                break; // BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED
    
            case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
            {
                NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
                ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
                {
                    .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                    .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                };
                err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            } break;
    
            case BLE_GATTS_EVT_HVN_TX_COMPLETE:
                // Send next key event
                (void) buffer_dequeue(true);
                break;
    
            case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
                // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
                NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Client Timeout.");
                err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                                 BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
    
            case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
                // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
                NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Server Timeout.");
                err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                                 BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                break;
    
            default:
                // No implementation needed.
                break;
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
     *
     * @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupt.
     */
    static void ble_stack_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
    
        err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        // Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
        // Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
        uint32_t ram_start = 0;
        err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        // Enable BLE stack.
        err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        // Register a handler for BLE events.
        NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for the Event Scheduler initialization.
     */
    static void scheduler_init(void)
    {
        APP_SCHED_INIT(SCHED_MAX_EVENT_DATA_SIZE, SCHED_QUEUE_SIZE);
    }
    
    
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /**@brief Function for handling events from the BSP module.
     *
     * @param[in]   event   Event generated by button press.
     */
    static void bsp_event_handler(bsp_event_t event)
    {
        uint32_t         err_code;
        static uint8_t * p_key = 0;
        static uint8_t   size  = 0;
    
        switch (event)
        {
            case BSP_EVENT_SLEEP:
                sleep_mode_enter();
                break;
    
            case BSP_EVENT_DISCONNECT:
                err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle,
                                                 BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
                if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
                {
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
                break;
    
            case BSP_EVENT_WHITELIST_OFF:
                if (m_conn_handle == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
                {
                    err_code = ble_advertising_restart_without_whitelist(&m_advertising);
                    if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
                    {
                        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                    }
                }
                break;
    
            case BSP_EVENT_KEY_0:
    
                break;
    
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for the Peer Manager initialization.
     */
    static void peer_manager_init(void)
    {
        ble_gap_sec_params_t sec_param;
        ret_code_t           err_code;
    
        err_code = pm_init();
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        memset(&sec_param, 0, sizeof(ble_gap_sec_params_t));
    
        // Security parameters to be used for all security procedures.
        sec_param.bond           = SEC_PARAM_BOND;
        sec_param.mitm           = SEC_PARAM_MITM;
        sec_param.lesc           = SEC_PARAM_LESC;
        sec_param.keypress       = SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS;
        sec_param.io_caps        = SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES;
        sec_param.oob            = SEC_PARAM_OOB;
        sec_param.min_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE;
        sec_param.max_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE;
        sec_param.kdist_own.enc  = 1;
        sec_param.kdist_own.id   = 1;
        sec_param.kdist_peer.enc = 1;
        sec_param.kdist_peer.id  = 1;
    
        err_code = pm_sec_params_set(&sec_param);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        err_code = pm_register(pm_evt_handler);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing the Advertising functionality.
     */
    static void advertising_init(void)
    {
        uint32_t               err_code;
        uint8_t                adv_flags;
        ble_advertising_init_t init;
    	
        memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));
    
        adv_flags                            = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_GENERAL_DISC_MODE;
        init.advdata.name_type               = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
        init.advdata.include_appearance      = true;
        init.advdata.flags                   = adv_flags;
        init.advdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
        init.advdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids  = m_adv_uuids;
    
        init.config.ble_adv_whitelist_enabled          = false; 
        init.config.ble_adv_directed_high_duty_enabled = false; 
    
        init.config.ble_adv_fast_enabled               = true;
        init.config.ble_adv_fast_interval              = APP_ADV_FAST_INTERVAL;
        init.config.ble_adv_fast_timeout               = APP_ADV_FAST_DURATION;
    
        init.evt_handler   = on_adv_evt;
        init.error_handler = ble_advertising_error_handler;
    
        err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    		
        ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
    }
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing buttons and leds.
     *
     * @param[out] p_erase_bonds  Will be true if the clear bonding button was pressed to wake the application up.
     */
    static void buttons_leds_init(bool * p_erase_bonds)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
        bsp_event_t startup_event;
    	
        err_code = bsp_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS | BSP_INIT_BUTTONS, bsp_event_handler);
    
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        err_code = bsp_btn_ble_init(NULL, &startup_event);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        *p_erase_bonds = (startup_event == BSP_EVENT_CLEAR_BONDING_DATA);
    }
    
    /**@brief Function for the Timer initialization.
     *
     * @details Initializes the timer module.
     */
    static void timers_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
    
        err_code = app_timer_init();
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        // Create battery timer.
        err_code = app_timer_create(&m_battery_timer_id,
                                    APP_TIMER_MODE_REPEATED,
                                    battery_level_meas_timeout_handler);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
    }
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing the nrf log module.
     */
    static void log_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
        NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
    }
    
    /**@brief Function for initializing power management.
     */
    static void power_management_init(void)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
        err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
    
    
    /**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
     *
     * @details If there is no pending log operation, then sleep until next the next event occurs.
     */
    static void idle_state_handle(void)
    {
        app_sched_execute();
        if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
        {
            nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
        }
    }
    
    
    
    /**@brief Function for application main entry.
     */
    int main(void)
    {
    	ret_code_t err_code;
        
    	bool erase_bonds;
    	
        // Initialize.
        log_init();
        timers_init();
    
    		
    	buttons_leds_init(&erase_bonds);
    
        power_management_init();
        ble_stack_init();
        scheduler_init();
        gap_params_init();
        gatt_init();
    
    		
        advertising_init();
        services_init();
        sensor_simulator_init();
        conn_params_init();
        buffer_init();
        peer_manager_init();
    
    			
        // Start execution.
        NRF_LOG_INFO("HID MULTIPLE started.");
        timers_start();
        advertising_start(erase_bonds);
    		
        // Enter main loop.
        for (;;)
        {
            idle_state_handle();
        }
    }
    
    
    /**
     * @}
     */
    

    Though it could connect with 2 host by nRF connect it could not support windows HID service.

    Whenever it connect with PC, it just dropped then reconnect and dropped again.

    00> <info> app: HID MULTIPLE started.
    00> <info> app: m_whitelist_peer_cnt 1, MAX_PEERS_WLIST 8
    00> <info> app: Fast advertising.
    00> <info> app: Connected
    00> <info> app: Connection with link 0x0 established.
    00> <info> app: Erase bonds!
    00> <info> peer_manager_handler: All peers deleted.
    00> <info> app: m_whitelist_peer_cnt 1, MAX_PEERS_WLIST 8
    00> <info> app: Fast advertising.
    00> <info> peer_manager_handler: Connection security failed: role: Peripheral, conn_handle: 0x0, procedure: Encryption, error: 4102
    00> <error> app: Fatal error
    00> <warning> app: System reset
    00> <info> app: HID MULTIPLE started.
    00> <info> app: m_whitelist_peer_cnt 1, MAX_PEERS_WLIST 8
    00> <info> app: Fast advertising.
    00> <info> app: Connected
    00> <info> app: Connection with link 0x0 established.
    00> <info> app: Erase bonds!
    00> <info> peer_manager_handler: All peers deleted.
    00> <info> app: m_whitelist_peer_cnt 1, MAX_PEERS_WLIST 8
    00> <info> app: Fast advertising.
    00> <error> app: Fatal error
    00> <warning> app: System reset

    Besides, when the device is connected with 2 host once the device disconnect with on of them. It will disconnect for all.

    May I know how could I modified it? 

    When I program the code, I found that start_advertising are different. 

    Keyboard used the bond information  but multi-peripheral doesn't.

  • Hi Sigurd,

    I just tried to modified as below:

    erase_bonds = false

    set all related advertising_start(false) 

    block the delete_bond() in the case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCOONECTED

    As the result, it could connect with windows without dropped and connect with nRF connect at the same time.

    Somehow it show the message during I connect with PC.

    00> <info> app: Connection with link 0x0 established.
    00> <info> app: m_whitelist_peer_cnt 2, MAX_PEERS_WLIST 8
    00> <info> app: Fast advertising.
    00> <info> peer_manager_handler: Connection security failed: role: Peripheral, conn_handle: 0x0, procedure: Bonding, error: 133

    And "when the device is connected with 2 host once the device disconnect with on of them. It will disconnect for all." It has been solved after the modification.

    It show as below, 0x13 mean BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION, seem normal.

    00> <info> app: Connected
    00> <info> app: Connection with link 0x1 established.
    00> <info> app: Fast advertising.
    00> <info> app: Disconnected
    00> <info> app: Connection 0x1 has been disconnected. Reason: 0x13
    00> <info> app: Connected
    00> <info> app: Connection with link 0x1 established.
    00> <info> app: Fast advertising.
    00> <info> app: Disconnected

    However, after the disconnection the device could not be connectable anymore.

    I suppose it cause by the bonding information.

    Could you guide me how to fixed it?

    Thanks.

  • erase_bonds = false

    This could cause issues if you are keeping the bond on the central/phone. If you are keeping the bond on the central/phone, then in your on_connected() and on_disconnected() functions, try to change advertising_start(true); to advertising_start(false); instead. You might also need to remove delete_bonds() from the BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED handling. This blog post might be helpful.

    It show as below, 0x13 mean BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION

    BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION means that the central/phone has disconnected the link. If you take a look at the log on the phone side (swipe from left to right in nRFConnect) perhaps you could fine some more information there about why the phone disconnected.

Reply
  • erase_bonds = false

    This could cause issues if you are keeping the bond on the central/phone. If you are keeping the bond on the central/phone, then in your on_connected() and on_disconnected() functions, try to change advertising_start(true); to advertising_start(false); instead. You might also need to remove delete_bonds() from the BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED handling. This blog post might be helpful.

    It show as below, 0x13 mean BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION

    BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION means that the central/phone has disconnected the link. If you take a look at the log on the phone side (swipe from left to right in nRFConnect) perhaps you could fine some more information there about why the phone disconnected.

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