How do I redirect printf in ble_template_app?

[Nick_RA]

So I'm trying to start off development of my project using the PCA10040 development board. I have downloaded the SDK16 and built a couple of examples no problem using SES. Now I have started using the ble_app_template  - which builds fine and seems just right to base development on.

Until I try to use the UART. I've searched & tried dozens of things, none of which work and often break the project. Often the Googled answer to a question is just "please look at the UART example" which doesn't help with modifying another example. After two days of trying to get this one simple thing working I've finally decided to ask here..

It looks like the printf redirect is the simplest option, but there isn't any option in the sdconfig.h which is incomplete.

So what do I need to do to turn off the debug logging and to output to the UART?

Thanks!

[Jørgen Holmefjord]

Hi,

To enable retargeting of the STDIO functions, you need to include the source file into the project:

nRF5_SDK_16.0.0_684aa2c\components\libraries\uart\retarget.c

And enable it in your sdk_config.h file (add the lines yourself if they are not there):

// <q> RETARGET_ENABLED  - retarget - Retargeting stdio functions

#ifndef RETARGET_ENABLED
#define RETARGET_ENABLED 1
#endif

This uses the app_uart library, so you need to include and initialize this as well, similar to how it is done in the UART peripheral example.

Also, make sure that the UART backend is disabled for NRF_LOG module, otherwise, you may get errors when initializing logger (if you want to keep logging over RTT, etc.):

// <e> NRF_LOG_BACKEND_UART_ENABLED - nrf_log_backend_uart - Log UART backend
//==========================================================
#ifndef NRF_LOG_BACKEND_UART_ENABLED
#define NRF_LOG_BACKEND_UART_ENABLED 0
#endif

Best regards,
Jørgen

[Jørgen Holmefjord]

First of all, you should use app_uart_fifo.c and not app_uart.c. The latter does not support sending/receiving multiple bytes. You also need to enable the module in your sdk_config.h file:

// <e> APP_UART_ENABLED - app_uart - UART driver
//==========================================================
#ifndef APP_UART_ENABLED
#define APP_UART_ENABLED 1
#endif
// <o> APP_UART_DRIVER_INSTANCE  - UART instance used
 
// <0=> 0 

#ifndef APP_UART_DRIVER_INSTANCE
#define APP_UART_DRIVER_INSTANCE 0
#endif

// </e>

Then you need to setup and initialize the app_uart library in your application before you can use printf():

#include "app_uart.h"

#define UART_TX_BUF_SIZE 256                         /**< UART TX buffer size. */
#define UART_RX_BUF_SIZE 256                         /**< UART RX buffer size. */

void uart_error_handle(app_uart_evt_t * p_event)
{
    if (p_event->evt_type == APP_UART_COMMUNICATION_ERROR)
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_communication);
    }
    else if (p_event->evt_type == APP_UART_FIFO_ERROR)
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_code);
    }
}

static void uart_init(void)
{
	ret_code_t err_code;

    const app_uart_comm_params_t comm_params =
      {
          RX_PIN_NUMBER,
          TX_PIN_NUMBER,
          RTS_PIN_NUMBER,
          CTS_PIN_NUMBER,
          APP_UART_FLOW_CONTROL_DISABLED,
          false,
          NRF_UARTE_BAUDRATE_115200
      };

    APP_UART_FIFO_INIT(&comm_params,
                         UART_RX_BUF_SIZE,
                         UART_TX_BUF_SIZE,
                         uart_error_handle,
                         APP_IRQ_PRIORITY_LOWEST,
                         err_code);

    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


int main(void)
{
	...
	
    uart_init();
    printf("\r\nUART initialized\r\n");

	...
}

There may also be other libraries that need to be included (source file) and enabled (in sdk_config.h), for instance, app_fifo, nrf_drv_uart/nrfx_uart/nrfx_uarte, etc. You should then get undefined references when building.

[Nick_RA]

It does look strange, yes. Stranger when I perform "build & debug", because when I click "go" it works as expected (!)

I noticed that the output actually  looks like "He" <pause> "llo world", where the <pause> is maybe 100ms. So maybe something to do with power management?

[Jørgen Holmefjord]

The power management should not affect this, as the events from the UART peripheral should wake the CPU. 

Could you upload your current project for us to reproduce and debug the behavior that you are seeing?

[Nick_RA]

Sure,  Here's the main.c

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
 *    Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
 *    such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
 *    conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 *    materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *    software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * 4. This software, with or without modification, must only be used with a
 *    Nordic Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit.
 *
 * 5. Any software provided in binary form under this license must not be reverse
 *    engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */
/** @file
 *
 * @defgroup ble_sdk_app_template_main main.c
 * @{
 * @ingroup ble_sdk_app_template
 * @brief Template project main file.
 *
 * This file contains a template for creating a new application. It has the code necessary to wakeup
 * from button, advertise, get a connection restart advertising on disconnect and if no new
 * connection created go back to system-off mode.
 * It can easily be used as a starting point for creating a new application, the comments identified
 * with 'YOUR_JOB' indicates where and how you can customize.
 */

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf.h"
#include "app_error.h"
#include "ble.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_srv_common.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "fds.h"
#include "peer_manager.h"
#include "peer_manager_handler.h"
#include "bsp_btn_ble.h"
#include "sensorsim.h"
#include "ble_conn_state.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_qwr.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"

//#include "nrf_log.h"
//#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
//#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"

#include "app_uart.h"


#define DEVICE_NAME                     "Nordic_Template"                       /**< Name of device. Will be included in the advertising data. */
#define MANUFACTURER_NAME               "NordicSemiconductor"                   /**< Manufacturer. Will be passed to Device Information Service. */
#define APP_ADV_INTERVAL                300                                     /**< The advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms. This value corresponds to 187.5 ms). */

#define APP_ADV_DURATION                18000                                   /**< The advertising duration (180 seconds) in units of 10 milliseconds. */
#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO           3                                       /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */
#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG            1                                       /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */

#define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(100, UNIT_1_25_MS)        /**< Minimum acceptable connection interval (0.1 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(200, UNIT_1_25_MS)        /**< Maximum acceptable connection interval (0.2 second). */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY                   0                                       /**< Slave latency. */
#define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT                MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS)         /**< Connection supervisory timeout (4 seconds). */

#define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY  APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000)                   /**< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (5 seconds). */
#define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY   APP_TIMER_TICKS(30000)                  /**< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (30 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT    3                                       /**< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation. */

#define SEC_PARAM_BOND                  1                                       /**< Perform bonding. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MITM                  0                                       /**< Man In The Middle protection not required. */
#define SEC_PARAM_LESC                  0                                       /**< LE Secure Connections not enabled. */
#define SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS              0                                       /**< Keypress notifications not enabled. */
#define SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES       BLE_GAP_IO_CAPS_NONE                    /**< No I/O capabilities. */
#define SEC_PARAM_OOB                   0                                       /**< Out Of Band data not available. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE          7                                       /**< Minimum encryption key size. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE          16                                      /**< Maximum encryption key size. */

#define DEAD_BEEF                       0xDEADBEEF                              /**< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind. */



#define UART_TX_BUF_SIZE 256                         /**< UART TX buffer size. */
#define UART_RX_BUF_SIZE 256                         /**< UART RX buffer size. */

void uart_error_handle(app_uart_evt_t * p_event)
{
    if (p_event->evt_type == APP_UART_COMMUNICATION_ERROR)
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_communication);
    }
    else if (p_event->evt_type == APP_UART_FIFO_ERROR)
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_code);
    }
}

static void uart_init(void)
{
	ret_code_t err_code;

    const app_uart_comm_params_t comm_params =
      {
          RX_PIN_NUMBER,
          TX_PIN_NUMBER,
          RTS_PIN_NUMBER,
          CTS_PIN_NUMBER,
          APP_UART_FLOW_CONTROL_DISABLED,
          false,
          //NRF_UARTE_BAUDRATE_115200
          UARTE_BAUDRATE_BAUDRATE_Baud115200
      };

    APP_UART_FIFO_INIT(&comm_params,
                         UART_RX_BUF_SIZE,
                         UART_TX_BUF_SIZE,
                         uart_error_handle,
                         APP_IRQ_PRIORITY_LOWEST,
                         err_code);

    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}



NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt);                                                       /**< GATT module instance. */
NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr);                                                         /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/
BLE_ADVERTISING_DEF(m_advertising);                                             /**< Advertising module instance. */

static uint16_t m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;                        /**< Handle of the current connection. */

/* YOUR_JOB: Declare all services structure your application is using
 *  BLE_XYZ_DEF(m_xyz);
 */

// YOUR_JOB: Use UUIDs for service(s) used in your application.
static ble_uuid_t m_adv_uuids[] =                                               /**< Universally unique service identifiers. */
{
    {BLE_UUID_DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE, BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE}
};


static void advertising_start(bool erase_bonds);


/**@brief Callback function for asserts in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. You need to analyze
 *          how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
 * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
 *
 * @param[in] line_num   Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
 * @param[in] file_name  File name of the failing ASSERT call.
 */
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Peer Manager events.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Peer Manager event.
 */
static void pm_evt_handler(pm_evt_t const * p_evt)
{
    pm_handler_on_pm_evt(p_evt);
    pm_handler_flash_clean(p_evt);

    switch (p_evt->evt_id)
    {
        case PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED:
            advertising_start(false);
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for the Timer initialization.
 *
 * @details Initializes the timer module. This creates and starts application timers.
 */
static void timers_init(void)
{
    // Initialize timer module.
    ret_code_t err_code = app_timer_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Create timers.

    /* YOUR_JOB: Create any timers to be used by the application.
                 Below is an example of how to create a timer.
                 For every new timer needed, increase the value of the macro APP_TIMER_MAX_TIMERS by
                 one.
       ret_code_t err_code;
       err_code = app_timer_create(&m_app_timer_id, APP_TIMER_MODE_REPEATED, timer_timeout_handler);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code); */
}


/**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
 *
 * @details This function sets up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of the
 *          device including the device name, appearance, and the preferred connection parameters.
 */
static void gap_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t              err_code;
    ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
    ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                          (const uint8_t *)DEVICE_NAME,
                                          strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    /* YOUR_JOB: Use an appearance value matching the application's use case.
       err_code = sd_ble_gap_appearance_set(BLE_APPEARANCE_);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code); */

    memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));

    gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
    gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT module.
 */
static void gatt_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
 *
 * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
 *          application about an error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the YYY Service events.
 * YOUR_JOB implement a service handler function depending on the event the service you are using can generate
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all YY Service events which are passed to
 *          the application.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_yy_service   YY Service structure.
 * @param[in]   p_evt          Event received from the YY Service.
 *
 *
static void on_yys_evt(ble_yy_service_t     * p_yy_service,
                       ble_yy_service_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    switch (p_evt->evt_type)
    {
        case BLE_YY_NAME_EVT_WRITE:
            APPL_LOG("[APPL]: charact written with value %s. ", p_evt->params.char_xx.value.p_str);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}
*/

/**@brief Function for initializing services that will be used by the application.
 */
static void services_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t         err_code;
    nrf_ble_qwr_init_t qwr_init = {0};

    // Initialize Queued Write Module.
    qwr_init.error_handler = nrf_qwr_error_handler;

    err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    /* YOUR_JOB: Add code to initialize the services used by the application.
       ble_xxs_init_t                     xxs_init;
       ble_yys_init_t                     yys_init;

       // Initialize XXX Service.
       memset(&xxs_init, 0, sizeof(xxs_init));

       xxs_init.evt_handler                = NULL;
       xxs_init.is_xxx_notify_supported    = true;
       xxs_init.ble_xx_initial_value.level = 100;

       err_code = ble_bas_init(&m_xxs, &xxs_init);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

       // Initialize YYY Service.
       memset(&yys_init, 0, sizeof(yys_init));
       yys_init.evt_handler                  = on_yys_evt;
       yys_init.ble_yy_initial_value.counter = 0;

       err_code = ble_yy_service_init(&yys_init, &yy_init);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
     */
}


/**@brief Function for handling the Connection Parameters Module.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all events in the Connection Parameters Module which
 *          are passed to the application.
 *          @note All this function does is to disconnect. This could have been done by simply
 *                setting the disconnect_on_fail config parameter, but instead we use the event
 *                handler mechanism to demonstrate its use.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Event received from the Connection Parameters Module.
 */
static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
    {
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling a Connection Parameters error.
 *
 * @param[in] nrf_error  Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module.
 */
static void conn_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t             err_code;
    ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;

    memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));

    cp_init.p_conn_params                  = NULL;
    cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay  = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count   = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
    cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle    = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID;
    cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = false;
    cp_init.evt_handler                    = on_conn_params_evt;
    cp_init.error_handler                  = conn_params_error_handler;

    err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for starting timers.
 */
static void application_timers_start(void)
{
    /* YOUR_JOB: Start your timers. below is an example of how to start a timer.
       ret_code_t err_code;
       err_code = app_timer_start(m_app_timer_id, TIMER_INTERVAL, NULL);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code); */

}


/**@brief Function for putting the chip into sleep mode.
 *
 * @note This function will not return.
 */
static void sleep_mode_enter(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_IDLE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Prepare wakeup buttons.
    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_sleep_mode_prepare();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Go to system-off mode (this function will not return; wakeup will cause a reset).
    err_code = sd_power_system_off();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling advertising events.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for advertising events which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @param[in] ble_adv_evt  Advertising event.
 */
static void on_adv_evt(ble_adv_evt_t ble_adv_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    switch (ble_adv_evt)
    {
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST:
            //NRF_LOG_INFO("Fast advertising.");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING);
            //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_IDLE:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.
 */
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = NRF_SUCCESS;

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            //NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected.");
            // LED indication will be changed when advertising starts.
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            //NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected.");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_CONNECTED);
            //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            m_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_conn_handle);
           // APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
           // NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
            ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
            {
                .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
            };
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
            //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            //NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Client Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            //NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Server Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
 *
 * @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupt.
 */
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
    // Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
    uint32_t ram_start = 0;
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Enable BLE stack.
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Register a handler for BLE events.
    NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}


/**@brief Function for the Peer Manager initialization.
 */
static void peer_manager_init(void)
{
    ble_gap_sec_params_t sec_param;
    ret_code_t           err_code;

    err_code = pm_init();
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&sec_param, 0, sizeof(ble_gap_sec_params_t));

    // Security parameters to be used for all security procedures.
    sec_param.bond           = SEC_PARAM_BOND;
    sec_param.mitm           = SEC_PARAM_MITM;
    sec_param.lesc           = SEC_PARAM_LESC;
    sec_param.keypress       = SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS;
    sec_param.io_caps        = SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES;
    sec_param.oob            = SEC_PARAM_OOB;
    sec_param.min_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_param.max_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_param.kdist_own.enc  = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_own.id   = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_peer.enc = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_peer.id  = 1;

    err_code = pm_sec_params_set(&sec_param);
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = pm_register(pm_evt_handler);
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Clear bond information from persistent storage.
 */
static void delete_bonds(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    //NRF_LOG_INFO("Erase bonds!");

    err_code = pm_peers_delete();
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from the BSP module.
 *
 * @param[in]   event   Event generated when button is pressed.
 */
static void bsp_event_handler(bsp_event_t event)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    switch (event)
    {
        case BSP_EVENT_SLEEP:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break; // BSP_EVENT_SLEEP

        case BSP_EVENT_DISCONNECT:
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
            {
                //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            break; // BSP_EVENT_DISCONNECT

        case BSP_EVENT_WHITELIST_OFF:
            if (m_conn_handle == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                err_code = ble_advertising_restart_without_whitelist(&m_advertising);
                if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
                {
                    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            }
            break; // BSP_EVENT_KEY_0

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Advertising functionality.
 */
static void advertising_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t             err_code;
    ble_advertising_init_t init;

    memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));

    init.advdata.name_type               = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
    init.advdata.include_appearance      = true;
    init.advdata.flags                   = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_GENERAL_DISC_MODE;
    init.advdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
    init.advdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids  = m_adv_uuids;

    init.config.ble_adv_fast_enabled  = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_interval = APP_ADV_INTERVAL;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_timeout  = APP_ADV_DURATION;

    init.evt_handler = on_adv_evt;

    err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing buttons and leds.
 *
 * @param[out] p_erase_bonds  Will be true if the clear bonding button was pressed to wake the application up.
 */
static void buttons_leds_init(bool * p_erase_bonds)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    bsp_event_t startup_event;

    err_code = bsp_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS | BSP_INIT_BUTTONS, bsp_event_handler);
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_init(NULL, &startup_event);
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    *p_erase_bonds = (startup_event == BSP_EVENT_CLEAR_BONDING_DATA);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the nrf log module.
 */
//static void log_init(void)
//{
//    ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
//    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
//
//    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
//}


/**@brief Function for initializing power management.
 */
static void power_management_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
 *
 * @details If there is no pending log operation, then sleep until next the next event occurs.
 */
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
    //if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
    //{
        nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
    //}
}


/**@brief Function for starting advertising.
 */
static void advertising_start(bool erase_bonds)
{
    if (erase_bonds == true)
    {
        delete_bonds();
        // Advertising is started by PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETED_SUCEEDED event
    }
    else
    {
        ret_code_t err_code = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);

        //APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for application main entry.
 */
int main(void)
{
    bool erase_bonds;

    // Initialize.
    uart_init();
    printf("Hello World\r\n");
    printf("Line2\r\n");
    //log_init();
    timers_init();
    buttons_leds_init(&erase_bonds);
    power_management_init();
    ble_stack_init();
    gap_params_init();
    gatt_init();
    advertising_init();
    services_init();
    conn_params_init();
    peer_manager_init();

    // Start execution.
    //NRF_LOG_INFO("Template example started.");
    application_timers_start();

    advertising_start(erase_bonds);

    // Enter main loop.
    for (;;)
    {
        idle_state_handle();
    }
}


/**
 * @}
 */

I'm now getting an inexpected error trying to embed sdk_config.h so I'll try to put into a separate message

[Nick_RA]

Sorry, the site won't accept sdk_config as embedded code, so it will have to be pasted as text:

19.03.sdk_config.h

[Nick_RA]

Finally the project file

<!DOCTYPE CrossStudio_Project_File>
<solution Name="ble_app_template_pca10040_s132" target="8" version="2">
  <project Name="ble_app_template_pca10040_s132">
    <configuration
      Name="Common"
      arm_architecture="v7EM"
      arm_core_type="Cortex-M4"
      arm_endian="Little"
      arm_fp_abi="Hard"
      arm_fpu_type="FPv4-SP-D16"
      arm_linker_heap_size="8192"
      arm_linker_process_stack_size="0"
      arm_linker_stack_size="8192"
      arm_linker_treat_warnings_as_errors="No"
      arm_simulator_memory_simulation_parameter="RWX 00000000,00100000,FFFFFFFF;RWX 20000000,00010000,CDCDCDCD"
      arm_target_device_name="nRF52832_xxAA"
      arm_target_interface_type="SWD"
      c_preprocessor_definitions="APP_TIMER_V2;APP_TIMER_V2_RTC1_ENABLED;BOARD_PCA10040;CONFIG_GPIO_AS_PINRESET;FLOAT_ABI_HARD;INITIALIZE_USER_SECTIONS;NO_VTOR_CONFIG;NRF52;NRF52832_XXAA;NRF52_PAN_74;NRF_SD_BLE_API_VERSION=7;S132;SOFTDEVICE_PRESENT;"
      c_user_include_directories="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/fifo;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/uart;../../../config;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_advertising;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_dtm;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_racp;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_ancs_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_ans_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_bas;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_bas_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_cscs;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_cts_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_dfu;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_dis;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_gls;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hids;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hrs;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hrs_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_hts;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_ias;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_ias_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_lbs;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_lbs_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_lls;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_nus;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_nus_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_rscs;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_rscs_c;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/ble_services/ble_tps;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/common;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/nrf_ble_gatt;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/nrf_ble_qwr;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/ble/peer_manager;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/boards;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/atomic;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/atomic_fifo;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/atomic_flags;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/balloc;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/bootloader/ble_dfu;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/bsp;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/button;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/cli;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/crc16;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/crc32;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/crypto;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/csense;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/csense_drv;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/delay;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/ecc;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/experimental_section_vars;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/experimental_task_manager;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/fds;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/fstorage;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/gfx;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/gpiote;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/hardfault;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/hci;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/led_softblink;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/log;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/log/src;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/low_power_pwm;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/mem_manager;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/memobj;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/mpu;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/mutex;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/pwm;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/pwr_mgmt;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/queue;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/ringbuf;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/scheduler;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/sdcard;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/sensorsim;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/slip;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/sortlist;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/spi_mngr;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/stack_guard;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/strerror;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/svc;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/timer;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/twi_mngr;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/twi_sensor;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd/class/audio;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd/class/cdc;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd/class/cdc/acm;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd/class/hid;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd/class/hid/generic;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd/class/hid/kbd;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd/class/hid/mouse;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/usbd/class/msc;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/util;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/conn_hand_parser;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/conn_hand_parser/ac_rec_parser;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/conn_hand_parser/ble_oob_advdata_parser;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/conn_hand_parser/le_oob_rec_parser;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ac_rec;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ble_oob_advdata;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ble_pair_lib;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ble_pair_msg;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/common;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/ep_oob_rec;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/hs_rec;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/connection_handover/le_oob_rec;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/generic/message;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/generic/record;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/launchapp;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/parser/message;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/parser/record;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/text;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/ndef/uri;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/platform;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/t2t_lib;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/t2t_parser;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/t4t_lib;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/t4t_parser/apdu;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/t4t_parser/cc_file;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/t4t_parser/hl_detection_procedure;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/nfc/t4t_parser/tlv;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/softdevice/common;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/softdevice/s132/headers;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/softdevice/s132/headers/nrf52;../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/toolchain/cmsis/include;../../../../../NRFSDK16/external/fprintf;../../../../../NRFSDK16/external/segger_rtt;../../../../../NRFSDK16/external/utf_converter;../../../../../NRFSDK16/integration/nrfx;../../../../../NRFSDK16/integration/nrfx/legacy;../../../../../NRFSDK16/modules/nrfx;../../../../../NRFSDK16/modules/nrfx/drivers/include;../../../../../NRFSDK16/modules/nrfx/hal;../../../../../NRFSDK16/modules/nrfx/mdk;../config;"
      debug_additional_load_file="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/softdevice/s132/hex/s132_nrf52_7.0.1_softdevice.hex"
      debug_register_definition_file="../../../../../NRFSDK16/modules/nrfx/mdk/nrf52.svd"
      debug_start_from_entry_point_symbol="No"
      debug_target_connection="J-Link"
      gcc_debugging_level="Level 3"
      gcc_entry_point="Reset_Handler"
      linker_output_format="hex"
      linker_printf_fmt_level="long"
      linker_printf_width_precision_supported="Yes"
      linker_scanf_fmt_level="long"
      linker_section_placement_file="flash_placement.xml"
      linker_section_placement_macros="FLASH_PH_START=0x0;FLASH_PH_SIZE=0x80000;RAM_PH_START=0x20000000;RAM_PH_SIZE=0x10000;FLASH_START=0x26000;FLASH_SIZE=0x5a000;RAM_START=0x20002250;RAM_SIZE=0xddb0"
      linker_section_placements_segments="FLASH RX 0x0 0x80000;RAM RWX 0x20000000 0x10000"
      macros="CMSIS_CONFIG_TOOL=../../../../../NRFSDK16/external_tools/cmsisconfig/CMSIS_Configuration_Wizard.jar"
      project_directory=""
      project_type="Executable" />
    <folder Name="Segger Startup Files">
      <file file_name="$(StudioDir)/source/thumb_crt0.s" />
    </folder>
    <folder Name="nRF_Log">
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/log/src/nrf_log_backend_rtt.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/log/src/nrf_log_backend_serial.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/log/src/nrf_log_backend_uart.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/log/src/nrf_log_default_backends.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/log/src/nrf_log_frontend.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/log/src/nrf_log_str_formatter.c" />
    </folder>
    <folder Name="nRF_Libraries">
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/button/app_button.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/util/app_error.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/util/app_error_handler_gcc.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/util/app_error_weak.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/scheduler/app_scheduler.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/timer/app_timer2.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/util/app_util_platform.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/crc16/crc16.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/timer/drv_rtc.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/fds/fds.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/hardfault/hardfault_implementation.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/util/nrf_assert.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/atomic_fifo/nrf_atfifo.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/atomic_flags/nrf_atflags.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/atomic/nrf_atomic.c" />
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      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/external/fprintf/nrf_fprintf_format.c" />
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      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/memobj/nrf_memobj.c" />
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      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/sensorsim/sensorsim.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/uart/retarget.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/uart/app_uart_fifo.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/fifo/app_fifo.c" />
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    <folder Name="None">
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/modules/nrfx/mdk/ses_startup_nrf52.s" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/modules/nrfx/mdk/ses_startup_nrf_common.s" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/modules/nrfx/mdk/system_nrf52.c" />
    </folder>
    <folder Name="Board Definition">
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/boards/boards.c" />
    </folder>
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      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/integration/nrfx/legacy/nrf_drv_clock.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/integration/nrfx/legacy/nrf_drv_uart.c" />
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    <folder Name="Board Support">
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/bsp/bsp.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/components/libraries/bsp/bsp_btn_ble.c" />
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      <file file_name="../../../main.c" />
      <file file_name="../config/sdk_config.h" />
    </folder>
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      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/external/segger_rtt/SEGGER_RTT.c" />
      <file file_name="../../../../../NRFSDK16/external/segger_rtt/SEGGER_RTT_Syscalls_SES.c" />
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  <configuration
    Name="Release"
    c_preprocessor_definitions="NDEBUG"
    gcc_optimization_level="Optimize For Size" />
  <configuration
    Name="Debug"
    c_preprocessor_definitions="DEBUG; DEBUG_NRF"
    gcc_optimization_level="None" />
</solution>

[Jørgen Holmefjord]

Ok, I will have a look. For next time, you can zip the project folder and upload it as a file to the answer by clicking "Insert->Insert image/video/file".

[Jørgen Holmefjord]

It looks to me like this is only a problem when the application is flashed to the board the second time, is this also the case when you test it?

I tried erasing the chip using 'nrfjprog -e', and when I then flash from SES, the extra "H" is not printed. If I download from SES a second time without erasing, one extra "H" is printed. Maybe the programming process restarts the chip, starting the old application once before the flash is erased but the UART peripheral is only able to write a single char before the flash is erased. I also do not see this extra "H" when pressing the reset button on the DK.

Which SES and J-Link versions are you using?

[Nick_RA]

Yes I get the same. Oddly I still see the delay between "He" and "llo World" when I press reset. I do have programs which monitor COM ports but the delay is too short to measure, but I would guess it is maybe 100-200ms which is huge.

I've tried some of the other examples before now which use UART logging but I haven't seen that effect.

Version info:

SEGGER Embedded Studio for ARM
Release 4.12 Build 2018112601.37855
Windows x64

>nrfjprog -v
nrfjprog version: 9.8.1
JLinkARM.dll version: 6.44d

Nick

[Jørgen Holmefjord]

I see that the delay is caused by ble_stack_init. If I move the printf() calls after this, the entire line is printed at once. I suspect this to be the startup-time for the low-frequency crystal oscillator (LFXO), which is typically 0.25 s.