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nrfuril use raspberry pi3

hello

I want to proceed with thread ota using nrfutil on raspberry pi.

However, "libpc_ble_driver_shared_sd_api_v3" does not support arm.

Is there any other way to use nrfutil in raspberrypi?

If "libpc_ble_driver_shared_sd_api_v3" can be built as an arm, can you please tell me the steps to follow for cross-compilation.

thank you.

 

(python 2.7, nrfutil 5.2.0, pc_ble_driver_py 0.11.4)

Parents
  • Hi,

    The pc_ble_driver part of nrfutil is only used for checking and flashing the NCP firmware when using nrfutil for Thread DFU. If you flash the firmware separately, it should be possible to run nrfutil on a RPi without large modifications.

    I used the following commands together with attached file:

    pi@raspberrypi:~ $ git clone https://github.com/NordicSemiconductor/pc-nrfutil.git
    pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cd pc-nrfutil/
    pi@raspberrypi:~/pc-nrfutil $ git checkout v5.2.0
    pi@raspberrypi:~/pc-nrfutil $ pip install -r requirements.txt
    pi@raspberrypi:~/pc-nrfutil $ cp ../__main__raspberry.py nordicsemi/__main__.py
    pi@raspberrypi:~/pc-nrfutil $ python nordicsemi/__main__.py dfu thread -pkg ../app_dfu_package.zip -p /dev/ttyACM0 --channel 11 --panid 43981 -r 4 -rs 5000 -a FF03::1
    Using connectivity board at serial port: /dev/ttyACM0
    Waiting for NCP to promote to a router...
    Waiting 20s before starting multicast DFU procedure
    Thread DFU server is running... Press <Ctrl + D> to stop.

    #
    # Copyright (c) 2016 Nordic Semiconductor ASA
    # All rights reserved.
    #
    # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
    # are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
    #
    #   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
    #   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    #
    #   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
    #   list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
    #   other materials provided with the distribution.
    #
    #   3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of other
    #   contributors to this software may be used to endorse or promote products
    #   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
    #
    #   4. This software must only be used in or with a processor manufactured by Nordic
    #   Semiconductor ASA, or in or with a processor manufactured by a third party that
    #   is used in combination with a processor manufactured by Nordic Semiconductor.
    #
    #   5. Any software provided in binary or object form under this license must not be
    #   reverse engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
    #
    # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
    # ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
    # WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
    # DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
    # ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
    # (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
    # LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
    # ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
    # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
    # SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    #
    import ipaddress
    import signal
    
    """nrfutil command line tool."""
    import os
    import sys
    import click
    import time
    import logging
    import subprocess
    import re
    sys.path.append(os.getcwd())
    
    from nordicsemi.dfu.bl_dfu_sett import BLDFUSettings
    from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu import Dfu
    from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport import DfuEvent, TRANSPORT_LOGGING_LEVEL
    from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport_serial import DfuTransportSerial
    from nordicsemi.dfu.package import Package
    from nordicsemi import version as nrfutil_version
    from nordicsemi.dfu.signing import Signing
    from nordicsemi.dfu.util import query_func
    from nordicsemi.zigbee.prod_config import ProductionConfig, ProductionConfigWrongException, ProductionConfigTooLargeException
    from pc_ble_driver_py.exceptions import NordicSemiException, NotImplementedException
    from nordicsemi.lister.device_lister import DeviceLister
    import spinel.util as util
    
    
    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    
    def ble_driver_init(conn_ic_id):
        global BLEDriver, Flasher, DfuTransportBle
        from pc_ble_driver_py import config
        config.__conn_ic_id__ = conn_ic_id
    #    from pc_ble_driver_py.ble_driver    import BLEDriver, Flasher
    #    from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport_ble import DfuTransportBle
    
    def display_sec_warning():
        default_key_warning = """
    |===============================================================|
    |##      ##    ###    ########  ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |##  ##  ##   ## ##   ##     ## ###   ##  ##  ###   ## ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ##  ##   ##  ##     ## ####  ##  ##  ####  ## ##       |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ########  ## ## ##  ##  ## ## ## ##   ####|
    |##  ##  ## ######### ##   ##   ##  ####  ##  ##  #### ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ##    ##  ##   ###  ##  ##   ### ##    ## |
    | ###  ###  ##     ## ##     ## ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |===============================================================|
    |The security key you provided is insecure, as it part of a     |
    |known set of keys that have been widely distributed. Do NOT use|
    |it in your final product or your DFU procedure may be          |
    |compromised and at risk of malicious attacks.                  |
    |===============================================================|
    """
        click.echo("{}".format(default_key_warning))
    
    def display_nokey_warning():
        default_nokey_warning = """
    |===============================================================|
    |##      ##    ###    ########  ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |##  ##  ##   ## ##   ##     ## ###   ##  ##  ###   ## ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ##  ##   ##  ##     ## ####  ##  ##  ####  ## ##       |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ########  ## ## ##  ##  ## ## ## ##   ####|
    |##  ##  ## ######### ##   ##   ##  ####  ##  ##  #### ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ##    ##  ##   ###  ##  ##   ### ##    ## |
    | ###  ###  ##     ## ##     ## ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |===============================================================|
    |You are not providing a signature key, which means the DFU     |
    |files will not be signed, and are vulnerable to tampering.     |
    |This is only compatible with a signature-less bootloader and is|
    |not suitable for production environments.                      |
    |===============================================================|
    """
        click.echo("{}".format(default_nokey_warning))
    
    def display_debug_warning():
        debug_warning = """
    |===============================================================|
    |##      ##    ###    ########  ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |##  ##  ##   ## ##   ##     ## ###   ##  ##  ###   ## ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ##  ##   ##  ##     ## ####  ##  ##  ####  ## ##       |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ########  ## ## ##  ##  ## ## ## ##   ####|
    |##  ##  ## ######### ##   ##   ##  ####  ##  ##  #### ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ##    ##  ##   ###  ##  ##   ### ##    ## |
    | ###  ###  ##     ## ##     ## ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |===============================================================|
    |You are generating a package with the debug bit enabled in the |
    |init packet. This is only compatible with a debug bootloader   |
    |and is not suitable for production.                            |
    |===============================================================|
    """
        click.echo("{}".format(debug_warning))
    
    def display_settings_backup_warning():
        debug_warning = """
    Note: Generating a DFU settings page with backup page included.
    This is only required for bootloaders from nRF5 SDK 15.1 and newer.
    If you want to skip backup page generation, use --no-backup option."""
        click.echo("{}".format(debug_warning))
    
    def int_as_text_to_int(value):
        try:
            if value[:2].lower() == '0x':
                return int(value[2:], 16)
            elif value[:1] == '0':
                return int(value, 8)
            return int(value, 10)
        except ValueError:
            raise NordicSemiException('%s is not a valid integer' % value)
    
    def pause():
        while True:
            try:
                raw_input()
            except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
                break
    
    class BasedIntOrNoneParamType(click.ParamType):
        name = 'Integer'
    
        def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
            try:
                if value.lower() == 'none':
                    return 'none'
                return int_as_text_to_int(value)
            except NordicSemiException:
                self.fail('%s is not a valid integer' % value, param, ctx)
    
    BASED_INT_OR_NONE = BasedIntOrNoneParamType()
    
    class BasedIntParamType(BasedIntOrNoneParamType):
        name = 'Integer'
    
    BASED_INT= BasedIntParamType()
    
    class TextOrNoneParamType(click.ParamType):
        name = 'Text'
    
        def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
            return value
    
    TEXT_OR_NONE = TextOrNoneParamType()
    
    BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS =\
    [
        'NO_VALIDATION',
        'VALIDATE_GENERATED_CRC',
        'VALIDATE_GENERATED_SHA256',
        'VALIDATE_ECDSA_P256_SHA256',
    ]
    DEFAULT_BOOT_VALIDATION = 'VALIDATE_GENERATED_CRC'
    
    
    class OptionRequiredIf(click.Option):
    
        def full_process_value(self, ctx, value):
            value = super(OptionRequiredIf, self).full_process_value(ctx, value)
            if ('serial_number' not in ctx.params or not ctx.params['serial_number']) and value is None:
                msg = 'Required if "-snr" / "--serial-number" is not defined.'
                raise click.MissingParameter(ctx=ctx, param=self, message=msg)
            return value
    
    @click.group()
    @click.option('-v', '--verbose',
                  help='Increase verbosity of output. Can be specified more than once (up to -v -v -v -v).',
                  count=True)
    @click.option('-o', '--output',
                  help='Log output to file',
                  metavar='<filename>')
    def cli(verbose, output):
        #click.echo('verbosity: %s' % verbose)
        if verbose == 0:
            log_level = logging.ERROR
        elif verbose == 1:
            log_level = logging.WARNING
        elif verbose == 2:
            log_level = logging.INFO
        elif verbose == 3:
            log_level = logging.DEBUG
        else:
            # Custom level, logs all the bytes sent/received over the wire/air
            log_level = TRANSPORT_LOGGING_LEVEL
    
        logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s', level=log_level)
    
        if (output):
            root = logging.getLogger('')
            fh = logging.FileHandler(output)
            fh.setLevel(log_level)
            fh.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s'))
            root.addHandler(fh)
    
    @cli.command()
    def version():
        """Display nrfutil version."""
        click.echo("nrfutil version {}".format(nrfutil_version.NRFUTIL_VERSION))
        logger.info("PyPi URL: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/nrfutil")
        logger.debug("GitHub URL: https://github.com/NordicSemiconductor/pc-nrfutil")
    
    @cli.group(short_help='Generate and display Bootloader DFU settings.')
    def settings():
        """
        This set of commands supports creating and displaying bootloader settings.
        """
        pass
    
    @settings.command(short_help='Generate a .hex file with Bootloader DFU settings.')
    @click.argument('hex_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    @click.option('--family',
                  help='nRF IC family: NRF51 or NRF52 or NRF52QFAB or NRF52810 or NRF52840',
                  type=click.Choice(['NRF51', 'NRF52', 'NRF52QFAB', 'NRF52810', 'NRF52840']))
    @click.option('--application',
                  help='The application firmware file. This can be omitted if'
                        'the target IC does not contain an application in flash.'
                        'Requires --application-version or --application-version-string.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--application-version',
                  help='The application version.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--application-version-string',
                  help='The application version string, e.g "2.7.31".',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--bootloader-version',
                  help='The bootloader version.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--bl-settings-version',
                  help='The Bootloader settings version.'
                  'Defined in nrf_dfu_types.h, the following apply to released SDKs:'
                  '\n|SDK12.0.0 - SDK15.2.0|1|'
                  '\n|SDK15.3.0 -          |2|',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--start-address',
                  help='Custom start address for the settings page. If not specified, '
                       'then the last page of the flash is used.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--no-backup',
                  help='Do not overwrite DFU settings backup page. If not specified, '
                       'than the resulting .hex file will contain a copy of DFU settings, '
                       'that will overwrite contents of DFU settings backup page.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  is_flag=True,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--backup-address',
                  help='Address of the DFU settings backup page inside flash. '
                       'By default, the backup page address is placed one page below DFU settings. '
                       'The value is precalculated based on configured settings address '
                       '(<DFU_settings_addrsss> - 0x1000).',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--app-boot-validation',
                  help='The method of boot validation for application. Choose from:\n%s' % ('\n'.join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS),),
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--sd-boot-validation',
                  help='The method of boot validation for Softdevice. Choose from:\n%s' % ('\n'.join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS),),
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--softdevice',
                  help='The SoftDevice firmware file. Must be given if SD Boot Validation is used.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False))
    @click.option('--key-file',
                  help='The private (signing) key in PEM fomat. Needed for ECDSA Boot Validation.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False))
    def generate(hex_file,
                 family,
                 application,
                 application_version,
                 application_version_string,
                 bootloader_version,
                 bl_settings_version,
                 start_address,
                 no_backup,
                 backup_address,
                 app_boot_validation,
                 sd_boot_validation,
                 softdevice,
                 key_file):
    
        # Initial consistency checks
        if family is None:
            click.echo("Error: IC Family required.")
            return
    
        # The user can specify the application version with two different
        # formats. As an integer, e.g. 102130, or as a string
        # "10.21.30". Internally we convert to integer.
        if application_version_string:
            application_version_internal = convert_version_string_to_int(application_version_string)
        else:
            application_version_internal = application_version
    
        if application is not None:
            if not os.path.isfile(application):
                click.echo("Error: Application file not found.")
                return
            if application_version_internal is None:
                click.echo("Error: Application version required.")
                return
    
        if bootloader_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader version required.")
            return
    
        if bl_settings_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader DFU settings version required.")
            return
    
        if (no_backup is not None) and (backup_address is not None):
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader DFU settings backup page cannot be specified if backup is disabled.")
            return
    
        if no_backup is None:
            no_backup = False
    
        if no_backup is False:
            display_settings_backup_warning()
    
        if (start_address is not None) and (backup_address is None):
            click.echo("WARNING: Using default offset in order to calculate bootloader settings backup page")
    
        if sd_boot_validation and (sd_boot_validation not in BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS):
            click.echo("Error: --sd_boot_validation called with invalid argument. Must be one of:\n%s" % ("\n".join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS)))
            return
    
        if app_boot_validation and (app_boot_validation not in BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS):
            click.echo("Error: --app_boot_validation called with invalid argument. Must be one of:\n%s" % ("\n".join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS)))
            return
    
        if bl_settings_version == 1 and (app_boot_validation or sd_boot_validation):
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader settings version 1 does not support boot validation.")
            return
    
        if (app_boot_validation == 'VALIDATE_ECDSA_P256_SHA256' and key_file is None) or \
            (sd_boot_validation == 'VALIDATE_ECDSA_P256_SHA256' and key_file is None):
            click.echo("Error: Key file must be given when 'VALIDATE_ECDSA_P256_SHA256' boot validation is used")
            return
    
        if app_boot_validation and not application:
            click.echo("Error: --application hex file must be set when using --app_boot_validation")
            return
    
        if sd_boot_validation and not softdevice:
            click.echo("Error: --softdevice hex file must be set when using --sd_boot_validation")
            return
    
        # Default boot validation cases
        if app_boot_validation is None and application is not None and bl_settings_version == 2:
            app_boot_validation = DEFAULT_BOOT_VALIDATION
        if sd_boot_validation is None and softdevice is not None and bl_settings_version == 2:
            sd_boot_validation = DEFAULT_BOOT_VALIDATION
    
        sett = BLDFUSettings()
        sett.generate(arch=family, app_file=application, app_ver=application_version_internal, bl_ver=bootloader_version,
                      bl_sett_ver=bl_settings_version, custom_bl_sett_addr=start_address, no_backup=no_backup,
                      backup_address=backup_address, app_boot_validation_type=app_boot_validation,
                      sd_boot_validation_type=sd_boot_validation, sd_file=softdevice, key_file=key_file)
        sett.tohexfile(hex_file)
    
        click.echo("\nGenerated Bootloader DFU settings .hex file and stored it in: {}".format(hex_file))
    
        click.echo("{0}".format(str(sett)))
    
    @settings.command(short_help='Display the contents of a .hex file with Bootloader DFU settings.')
    @click.argument('hex_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    
    def display(hex_file):
    
        sett = BLDFUSettings()
        try:
            sett.fromhexfile(hex_file)
        except NordicSemiException as err:
            click.echo(err)
            return
    
        click.echo("{0}".format(str(sett)))
    
    
    @cli.group(short_help='Generate and display private and public keys.')
    def keys():
        """
        This set of commands supports creating and displaying a private (signing) key
        as well as displaying the public (verification) key derived from a private key.
        Private keys are stored in PEM format.
        """
        pass
    
    @keys.command(short_help='Generate a private key and store it in a file in PEM format.')
    @click.argument('key_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    
    def generate(key_file):
        signer = Signing()
    
        if os.path.exists(key_file):
            if not query_func("File found at %s. Do you want to overwrite the file?" % key_file):
                click.echo('Key generation aborted.')
                return
    
        signer.gen_key(key_file)
        click.echo("Generated private key and stored it in: %s" % key_file)
    
    @keys.command(short_help='Display the private key that is stored in a file in PEM format or a public key derived from it.')
    @click.argument('key_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    @click.option('--key',
                  help='(pk|sk) Display the public key (pk) or the private key (sk).',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--format',
                  help='(hex|code|pem) Display the key in hexadecimal format (hex), C code (code), or PEM (pem) format.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--out_file',
                  help='If provided, save the output in file out_file.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    
    def display(key_file, key, format, out_file):
        signer = Signing()
    
        if not os.path.isfile(key_file):
            raise NordicSemiException("File not found: %s" % key_file)
    
        default_key = signer.load_key(key_file)
        if default_key:
            display_sec_warning()
    
        if not key:
            click.echo("You must specify a key with --key (pk|sk).")
            return
        if key != "pk" and key != "sk":
            click.echo("Invalid key type. Valid types are (pk|sk).")
            return
    
        if not format:
            click.echo("You must specify a format with --format (hex|code|pem).")
            return
        if format != "hex" and format != "code" and format != "pem" and format != "dbgcode":
            click.echo("Invalid format. Valid formats are (hex|code|pem).")
            return
    
        if format == "dbgcode":
            format = "code"
            dbg = True
        else:
            dbg = False
    
        if format == "code" and key == "sk":
            click.echo("Displaying the private key as code is not available.")
            return
    
        if key == "pk":
            kstr = signer.get_vk(format, dbg)
        elif key == "sk":
            kstr = "\nWARNING: Security risk! Do not share the private key.\n\n"
            kstr = kstr + signer.get_sk(format, dbg)
    
        if not out_file:
            click.echo(kstr)
        else:
            with open(out_file, "w") as kfile:
                kfile.write(kstr)
    
    
    @cli.group(short_help='Display or generate a DFU package (zip file).')
    def pkg():
        """
        This set of commands supports Nordic DFU package generation.
        """
        pass
    
    
    @pkg.command(short_help='Generate a zip file for performing DFU.')
    @click.argument('zipfile',
                    required=True,
                    type=click.Path())
    @click.option('--debug-mode',
                  help='Debug mode switch, enables version check skipping.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  default=False,
                  is_flag=True)
    @click.option('--application',
                  help='The application firmware file.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--application-version',
                  help='The application version.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--application-version-string',
                  help='The application version string, e.g "2.7.31".',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--bootloader',
                  help='The bootloader firmware file.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--bootloader-version',
                  help='The bootloader version.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--hw-version',
                  help='The hardware version.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT)
    @click.option('--sd-req',
                  help='The SoftDevice requirements. A comma-separated list of SoftDevice firmware IDs '
                       '(1 or more) of which one must be present on the target device. Each item on the '
                       'list must be a two- or four-digit hex number prefixed with \"0x\" (e.g. \"0x12\", '
                       '\"0x1234\").\n'
                       'A non-exhaustive list of well-known values to use with this option follows:'
                       '\n|s112_nrf52_6.0.0|0xA7|'
                       '\n|s112_nrf52_6.1.0|0xB0|'
                       '\n|s112_nrf52_6.1.1|0xB8|'
                       '\n|s130_nrf51_1.0.0|0x67|'
                       '\n|s130_nrf51_2.0.0|0x80|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_2.0.0|0x81|'
                       '\n|s130_nrf51_2.0.1|0x87|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_2.0.1|0x88|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_3.0.0|0x8C|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_3.1.0|0x91|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.0|0x95|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.2|0x98|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.3|0x99|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.4|0x9E|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.5|0x9F|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_5.0.0|0x9D|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_5.1.0|0xA5|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_6.0.0|0xA8|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_6.1.0|0xAF|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_6.1.1|0xB7|'
                       '\n|s140_nrf52_6.0.0|0xA9|'
                       '\n|s140_nrf52_6.1.0|0xAE|'
                       '\n|s140_nrf52_6.1.1|0xB6|',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  required=False,
                  multiple=True)
    @click.option('--sd-id',
                  help='The new SoftDevice ID to be used as --sd-req for the Application update in case the ZIP '
                       'contains a SoftDevice and an Application.',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  multiple=True)
    @click.option('--softdevice',
                  help='The SoftDevice firmware file.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--sd-boot-validation',
                  help='The method of boot validation for Softdevice. Choose from:\n%s' % ('\n'.join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS),),
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--app-boot-validation',
                  help='The method of boot validation for application. Choose from:\n%s' % ('\n'.join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS),),
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--key-file',
                  help='The private (signing) key in PEM fomat.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False))
    @click.option('--external-app',
                  help='Indicates that the FW upgrade is intended to be passed through '
                       '(not applied on the receiving device)',
                  type=click.BOOL, is_flag=True, default=False)
    @click.option('--zigbee',
                  help='Create an image and distribution package for Zigbee DFU server.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.BOOL)
    @click.option('--zigbee-manufacturer-id',
                  help='Manufacturer ID to be used in Zigbee OTA header.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT)
    @click.option('--zigbee-image-type',
                  help='Image type to be used in Zigbee OTA header.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT)
    @click.option('--zigbee-comment',
                  help='Firmware comment to be used in Zigbee OTA header.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--zigbee-ota-hw-version',
                  help='The zigbee OTA hw version.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--zigbee-ota-fw-version',
                  help='The zigbee OTA fw version.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    def generate(zipfile,
               debug_mode,
               application,
               application_version,
               application_version_string,
               bootloader,
               bootloader_version,
               hw_version,
               sd_req,
               sd_id,
               softdevice,
               sd_boot_validation,
               app_boot_validation,
               key_file,
               external_app,
               zigbee,
               zigbee_manufacturer_id,
               zigbee_image_type,
               zigbee_comment,
               zigbee_ota_hw_version,
               zigbee_ota_fw_version):
        """
        Generate a zip package for distribution to apps that support Nordic DFU OTA.
        The application, bootloader, and SoftDevice files are converted to .bin if supplied as .hex files.
        For more information on the generated package, see:
        http://developer.nordicsemi.com/nRF5_SDK/doc/
    
        The following combinations are supported by this command:
    
        * BL only: Supported.
    
        * SD only: Supported (SD of same Major Version).
    
        * APP only: Supported (external or internal).
    
        * BL + SD: Supported.
    
        * BL + APP: Not supported (use two packages instead).
    
        * BL + SD + APP: Supported.
    
        * SD + APP: Supported (SD of same Major Version).
        """
        zipfile_path = zipfile
    
        # Check combinations
        if bootloader is not None and application is not None and softdevice is None:
            click.echo("Error: Invalid combination: use two .zip packages instead.")
            return
    
        if debug_mode is None:
            debug_mode = False
    
        # The user can specify the application version with two different
        # formats. As an integer, e.g. 102130, or as a string
        # "10.21.30". Internally we convert to integer.
        if application_version_string:
            application_version_internal = convert_version_string_to_int(application_version_string)
        else:
            application_version_internal = application_version
    
        if application_version_internal == 'none':
            application_version_internal = None
    
        if bootloader_version == 'none':
            bootloader_version = None
    
        if hw_version == 'none':
            hw_version = None
    
        if external_app is None:
            external_app = False
    
        if zigbee_ota_hw_version == 'none':
            zigbee_ota_hw_version = None
    
        if zigbee_ota_fw_version == 'none':
            zigbee_ota_fw_version = None
    
        # Convert multiple value into a single instance
        if len(sd_req) > 1:
            click.echo("Please specify SoftDevice requirements as a comma-separated list: --sd-req 0xXXXX,0xYYYY,...")
            return
        elif len(sd_req) == 0:
            sd_req = None
        else:
            sd_req = sd_req[0]
            if sd_req == 'none':
                sd_req = None
    
        if len(sd_id) > 1:
            click.echo("Please specify SoftDevice requirements as a comma-separated list: --sd-id 0xXXXX,0xYYYY,...")
            return
        elif len(sd_id) == 0:
            sd_id = None
        else:
            sd_id = sd_id[0]
            if sd_id == 'none':
                sd_id = None
    
        # Initial consistency checks
        if application_version_internal is not None and application is None:
            click.echo("Error: Application version with no image.")
            return
    
        if bootloader_version is not None and bootloader is None:
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader version with no image.")
            return
    
        if debug_mode:
            display_debug_warning()
            # Default to no version checking
            if application_version_internal is None:
                application_version_internal=Package.DEFAULT_APP_VERSION
            if bootloader_version is None:
                bootloader_version=Package.DEFAULT_BL_VERSION
            if hw_version is None:
                hw_version=Package.DEFAULT_HW_VERSION
            if sd_req is None:
                # Use string as this will be mapped into an int below
                sd_req=str(Package.DEFAULT_SD_REQ[0])
    
        # Version checks
        if hw_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: --hw-version required.")
            return
    
        if sd_req is None and external_app is False:
            click.echo("Error: --sd-req required.")
            return
    
        if application is not None and application_version_internal is None:
            click.echo('Error: --application-version or --application-version-string'
                       ' required with application image.')
            return
    
        if bootloader is not None and bootloader_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: --bootloader-version required with bootloader image.")
            return
    
        # Zigbee only allows App, SoftDevice (minor), bootloader or Softdevice+bootloader
        if zigbee:
            if sum(bool(x) for x in [application, softdevice, bootloader]) != 1:
                click.echo('Error: Provide either --application, --softdevice, or --bootloader'
                           ' for Zigbee package generation (not a combination).')
    
        if application is not None and softdevice is not None and sd_id is None:
            click.echo("Error: --sd-id required with softdevice and application images.")
            return
    
        if application is None and external_app is True:
            click.echo("Error: --external-app requires an application.")
            return
    
        if application is not None and softdevice is not None and external_app is True:
            click.echo("Error: --external-app is only possible for application only DFU packages.")
            return
    
        if application is not None and bootloader is not None and external_app is True:
            click.echo("Error: --external-app is only possible for application only DFU packages.")
            return
    
        if zigbee and zigbee_ota_hw_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: --zigbee-ota-hw-version is required.")
            return
    
        if zigbee and zigbee_ota_fw_version is None:
            zigbee_ota_fw_version = 0
    
        sd_req_list = []
        if sd_req is not None:
            try:
                # This will parse any string starting with 0x as base 16.
                sd_req_list = sd_req.split(',')
                sd_req_list = map(int_as_text_to_int, sd_req_list)
            except ValueError:
                raise NordicSemiException("Could not parse value for --sd-req. "
                                          "Hex values should be prefixed with 0x.")
    
        sd_id_list = []
        if sd_id is not None:
            try:
                # This will parse any string starting with 0x as base 16.
                sd_id_list = sd_id.split(',')
                sd_id_list = map(int_as_text_to_int, sd_id_list)
    
                # Copy all IDs from sd_id_list to sd_req_list, without duplicates.
                # This ensures that the softdevice update can be repeated in case
                # SD+(BL)+App update terminates during application update after the
                # softdevice was already updated (with new ID). Such update would
                # have to be repeated and the softdevice would have to be sent again,
                # this time updating itself.
                sd_req_list += set(sd_id_list) - set(sd_req_list)
            except ValueError:
                raise NordicSemiException("Could not parse value for --sd-id. "
                                          "Hex values should be prefixed with 0x.")
        else:
            sd_id_list = sd_req_list
    
        if key_file is None:
            display_nokey_warning()
        else:
            signer = Signing()
            default_key = signer.load_key(key_file)
            if default_key:
                display_sec_warning()
    
        if sd_boot_validation and (sd_boot_validation not in BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS):
            click.echo("Error: --sd_boot_validation called with invalid argument. Must be one of:\n%s" % ("\n".join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS)))
            return
    
        if app_boot_validation and (app_boot_validation not in BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS):
            click.echo("Error: --app_boot_validation called with invalid argument. Must be one of:\n%s" % ("\n".join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS)))
            return
    
        if zigbee_comment is None:
            zigbee_comment = ''
        elif any(ord(char) > 127 for char in zigbee_comment): # Check if all the characters belong to the ASCII range
            click.echo('Warning: Non-ASCII characters in the comment are not allowed. Discarding comment.')
            zigbee_comment = ''
        elif len(zigbee_comment) > 30:
            click.echo('Warning: truncating the comment to 30 bytes.')
            zigbee_comment = zigbee_comment[:30]
    
        if zigbee_manufacturer_id is None:
            zigbee_manufacturer_id = 0xFFFF
    
        if zigbee_image_type is None:
            zigbee_image_type = 0xFFFF
    
        # Set the external_app to false in --zigbee is set
        inner_external_app = external_app
        if zigbee:
            inner_external_app = False
    
        # Generate a DFU package. If --zigbee is set this is the inner DFU package
        # which will be used as a binary input to the outter DFU package
        package = Package(debug_mode,
                          hw_version,
                          application_version_internal,
                          bootloader_version,
                          sd_req_list,
                          sd_id_list,
                          application,
                          bootloader,
                          softdevice,
                          sd_boot_validation,
                          app_boot_validation,
                          key_file,
                          inner_external_app,
                          zigbee,
                          zigbee_manufacturer_id,
                          zigbee_image_type,
                          zigbee_comment)
    
        package.generate_package(zipfile_path)
    
        if zigbee:
            from shutil import copyfile
            from os import remove
    
            log_message = "Zigbee update created at {0}".format(package.zigbee_ota_file.filename)
            click.echo(log_message)
    
            # Taking the inner Zigbee package as input for the outer DFU package
            binfile = package.zigbee_ota_file.filename.replace(".zigbee", ".bin")
            copyfile(package.zigbee_ota_file.filename, binfile)
    
            # Create the outer Zigbee DFU package.
            package = Package(debug_mode,
                              zigbee_ota_hw_version,
                              zigbee_ota_fw_version,
                              None,
                              [0xFFFE],
                              [0xFFFE],
                              binfile,
                              None,
                              None,
                              None,
                              None,
                              key_file,
                              True)
    
            package.generate_package(zipfile_path)
            remove(binfile)
    
        log_message = "Zip created at {0}".format(zipfile_path)
        click.echo(log_message)
    
    @pkg.command(short_help='Display the contents of a .zip package file.')
    @click.argument('zip_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    
    def display(zip_file):
    
        package = Package()
        package.parse_package(zip_file, preserve_work_dir=True)
    
        click.echo("{0}".format(str(package)))
    
    global_bar = None
    def update_progress(progress=0):
        if global_bar:
            global_bar.update(progress)
    
    @cli.group(short_help='Perform a Device Firmware Update over serial, BLE, Thread, Zigbee or ANT transport given a DFU package (zip file).')
    def dfu():
        """
        This set of commands supports Device Firmware Upgrade procedures over both BLE and serial transports.
        """
        pass
    
    def do_serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number, ping,
                  timeout):
    
        if flow_control is None:
            flow_control = DfuTransportSerial.DEFAULT_FLOW_CONTROL
        if packet_receipt_notification is None:
            packet_receipt_notification = DfuTransportSerial.DEFAULT_PRN
        if baud_rate is None:
            baud_rate = DfuTransportSerial.DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE
        if ping is None:
            ping = False
        if port is None:
            device_lister = DeviceLister()
            device = device_lister.get_device(serial_number=serial_number)
            if device is None:
                raise NordicSemiException("A device with serial number %s is not connected." % serial_number)
            port = device.get_first_available_com_port()
            logger.info("Resolved serial number {} to port {}".format(serial_number, port))
    
        if timeout is None:
            timeout = DfuTransportSerial.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
    
        logger.info("Using board at serial port: {}".format(port))
        serial_backend = DfuTransportSerial(com_port=str(port), baud_rate=baud_rate,
                                            flow_control=flow_control, prn=packet_receipt_notification, do_ping=ping,
                                            timeout=timeout)
        serial_backend.register_events_callback(DfuEvent.PROGRESS_EVENT, update_progress)
        dfu = Dfu(zip_file_path = package, dfu_transport = serial_backend, connect_delay = connect_delay)
    
        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
            with click.progressbar(length=dfu.dfu_get_total_size()) as bar:
                global global_bar
                global_bar = bar
                dfu.dfu_send_images()
        else:
            dfu.dfu_send_images()
    
        click.echo("Device programmed.")
    
    @dfu.command(short_help='Update the firmware on a device over a USB serial connection. The DFU '
                            'target must be a chip with USB pins (i.e. nRF52840) and provide a USB ACM '
                            'CDC serial interface.')
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='Serial port address to which the device is connected. (e.g. COM1 in windows systems, /dev/ttyACM0 in linux/mac)',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  cls = OptionRequiredIf)
    @click.option('-cd', '--connect-delay',
                  help='Delay in seconds before each connection to the target device during DFU. Default is 3.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-fc', '--flow-control',
                  help='To enable flow control set this flag to 1',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-prn', '--packet-receipt-notification',
                  help='Set the packet receipt notification value',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-b', '--baud-rate',
                  help='Set the baud rate',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-snr', '--serial-number',
                  help='Serial number of the device. Ignored if --port is set.',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-t', '--timeout',
                  help='Set the timeout in seconds for board to respond (default: 30 seconds)',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    def usb_serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number,
                   timeout):
        """Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device with a bootloader that supports USB serial DFU."""
        do_serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number, False,
                  timeout)
    
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over a UART serial connection. The DFU target must be a chip using digital I/O pins as an UART.")
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='Serial port address to which the device is connected. (e.g. COM1 in windows systems, /dev/ttyACM0 in linux/mac)',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  cls = OptionRequiredIf)
    @click.option('-cd', '--connect-delay',
                  help='Delay in seconds before each connection to the target device during DFU. Default is 3.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-fc', '--flow-control',
                  help='To enable flow control set this flag to 1',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-prn', '--packet-receipt-notification',
                  help='Set the packet receipt notification value',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-b', '--baud-rate',
                  help='Set the baud rate',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-snr', '--serial-number',
                  help='Serial number of the device. Ignored if --port is set.',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-t', '--timeout',
                  help='Set the timeout in seconds for board to respond (default: 30 seconds)',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    def serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number,
               timeout):
        """Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device with a bootloader that supports UART serial DFU."""
    
        do_serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number, True,
                  timeout)
    
    
    def enumerate_ports():
        descs   = BLEDriver.enum_serial_ports()
        if len(descs) == 0:
            return None
        click.echo('Please select connectivity serial port:')
        for i, choice in enumerate(descs):
            click.echo('\t{} : {} - {}'.format(i, choice.port, choice.serial_number))
    
        index = click.prompt('Enter your choice: ', type=click.IntRange(0, len(descs)))
        return descs[index].port
    
    def get_port_by_snr(snr):
        serial_ports = BLEDriver.enum_serial_ports()
        try:
            serial_port = [d.port for d in serial_ports if d.serial_number.lstrip('0') == snr][0]
        except IndexError:
            raise NordicSemiException('board not found')
        return serial_port
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over a BLE connection.")
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-ic', '--conn-ic-id',
                  help='Connectivity IC family: NRF51 or NRF52',
                  type=click.Choice(['NRF51', 'NRF52']),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='Serial port COM port to which the connectivity IC is connected.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-cd', '--connect-delay',
                  help='Delay in seconds before each connection to the target device during DFU. Default is 3.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-n', '--name',
                  help='Device name.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-a', '--address',
                  help='BLE address of the DFU target device.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-snr', '--jlink_snr',
                  help='Jlink serial number for the connectivity IC.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-f', '--flash_connectivity',
                  help='Flash connectivity firmware automatically. Default: disabled.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  is_flag=True)
    @click.option('-mtu', '--att-mtu',
                  help='ATT MTU. Maximum ATT packet size for BLE transfers. '
                       'Accepted values in range [23, 247]. Default is 247. '
                       'Note: Failing DFU transmissions can in some cases be solved by setting a '
                       'lower mtu.',
                  type=click.IntRange(23, 247, clamp=True),
                  default=247)
    def ble(package, conn_ic_id, port, connect_delay, name, address, jlink_snr, flash_connectivity, att_mtu):
        """
        Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device with a bootloader that supports BLE DFU.
        This requires a second nRF device, connected to this computer, with connectivity firmware
        loaded. The connectivity device will perform the DFU procedure onto the target device.
        """
        ble_driver_init(conn_ic_id)
        if name is None and address is None:
            name = 'DfuTarg'
            click.echo("No target selected. Default device name: {} is used.".format(name))
    
        # Remove colons from address in case written in format XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
        if address:
            address = address.replace(':', '')
            if not re.match('^[0-9A-Fa-f]{12}$', address):
                click.echo('Invalid address. Must be exactly 6 bytes HEX, '
                           'e.g. ABCDEF123456 or AB:CD:EF:12:34:56.')
                return
    
        if port is None and jlink_snr is not None:
            port = get_port_by_snr(jlink_snr)
    
        elif port is None:
            port = enumerate_ports()
            if port is None:
                click.echo("\nNo Segger USB CDC ports found, please connect your board.")
                return
    
        if flash_connectivity:
            flasher = Flasher(serial_port=port, snr = jlink_snr)
            if flasher.fw_check():
                click.echo("Board already flashed with connectivity firmware.")
            else:
                click.echo("Flashing connectivity firmware...")
                flasher.fw_flash()
                click.echo("Connectivity firmware flashed.")
            flasher.reset()
            time.sleep(1)
    
        logger.info("Using connectivity board at serial port: {}".format(port))
        ble_backend = DfuTransportBle(serial_port=str(port),
                                      att_mtu=att_mtu,
                                      target_device_name=str(name),
                                      target_device_addr=str(address))
        ble_backend.register_events_callback(DfuEvent.PROGRESS_EVENT, update_progress)
        dfu = Dfu(zip_file_path = package, dfu_transport = ble_backend, connect_delay = connect_delay)
    
        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
            with click.progressbar(length=dfu.dfu_get_total_size()) as bar:
                global global_bar
                global_bar = bar
                dfu.dfu_send_images()
        else:
            dfu.dfu_send_images()
    
        click.echo("Device programmed.")
    
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over an ANT connection.")
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='ANT USB device to use for performing the update.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-cd', '--connect-delay',
                  help='Delay in seconds before each connection to the target device during DFU. Default is 3.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-prn', '--packet-receipt-notification',
                  help='Set the packet receipt notification value.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--period',
                  help='Set the ANT Channel period.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--freq',
                  help='Set the ANT RF Frequency.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--net-key',
                  help='Set the ANT network key. Must be formated as hexadecimal numbers seperated by dashes ("-").',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--dev-type',
                  help='Set the ANT device type',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-srn', '--serial',
                  help='Serial number of device to search for.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-d', '--debug/--no-debug',
                  help='Enable ANT debug logs.',
                  default=False,
                  required=False)
    def ant(package, port, connect_delay, packet_receipt_notification, period,
            freq, net_key, dev_type, serial, debug):
    
        from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport_ant import platform_supported
    
        if not platform_supported():
            return
    
        # This import needs to happen only if the platform is supported.
        from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport_ant import DfuTransportAnt, AntParams
    
        ant_config = AntParams()
        if port is None:
            port = DfuTransportAnt.DEFAULT_PORT
        if packet_receipt_notification is None:
            packet_receipt_notification = DfuTransportAnt.DEFAULT_PRN
        if period is not None:
            ant_config.channel_period = period
        if freq is not None:
            ant_config.rf_freq = freq
        if net_key is not None:
            ant_config.network_key = [int(x, 16) for x in net_key.split('-')]
        if dev_type is not None:
            ant_config.device_type = dev_type
        if serial is not None:
            ant_config.device_num = serial & 0xFFFF
            ant_config.trans_type = 0x01 | ((serial >> 12) & 0xF0)
    
        ant_backend = DfuTransportAnt(port=port, prn=packet_receipt_notification,
            ant_config=ant_config, debug=debug)
        ant_backend.register_events_callback(DfuEvent.PROGRESS_EVENT, update_progress)
        dfu = Dfu(zip_file_path=package, dfu_transport=ant_backend, connect_delay=connect_delay)
    
        try:
            if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
                with click.progressbar(length=dfu.dfu_get_total_size()) as bar:
                    global global_bar
                    global_bar = bar
                    dfu.dfu_send_images()
            else:
                dfu.dfu_send_images()
        except Exception:
            if ant_backend.dfu_adapter and ant_backend.dfu_adapter.ant_dev:
                # Make sure things get cleaned up if there is an error.
                ant_backend.dfu_adapter.ant_dev.ant_close()
            raise
    
        click.echo("Device programmed.")
    
    
    def convert_version_string_to_int(s):
        """Convert from semver string "1.2.3", to integer 10203"""
        numbers = s.split(".")
        js = [10000, 100, 1]
        return sum([js[i] * int(numbers[i]) for i in range(3)])
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over a Thread connection.")
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='Serial port COM port to which the NCP is connected.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-a', '--address',
                  help='Device IPv6 address. If address is not specified then perform DFU '
                       'on all capable devices. If multicast address is specified (FF03::1), '
                       'perform multicast DFU.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-sp', '--server_port',
                  help='UDP port to which the DFU server binds. If not specified the 5683 is used.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  default=5683)
    @click.option('--panid',
                  help='802.15.4 PAN ID. If not specified then 1234 is used as PAN ID.',
                  type=click.INT)
    @click.option('--channel',
                  help='802.15.4 Channel. If not specified then channel 11 is used.',
                  type=click.INT)
    @click.option('-snr', '--jlink_snr',
                  help='Jlink serial number.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-f', '--flash_connectivity',
                  help='Flash NCP connectivity firmware automatically. Default: disabled.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  is_flag=True)
    @click.option('-s', '--sim',
                  help='Use software NCP and connect to the OT simulator.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  is_flag=True)
    @click.option('-r', '--rate',
                  help="Multicast upload rate in blocks per second.",
                  type=click.FLOAT)
    @click.option('-rs', '--reset_suppress',
                  help='Suppress device reset after finishing DFU for a given number of milliseconds. ' +
                       'If -1 is given then suppress indefinatelly.',
                  type = click.INT,
                  metavar = '<delay_in_ms>')
    @click.option('-m', '--masterkey',
                  help='Masterkey. If not specified then 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff is used',
                  type=click.STRING)
    
    def thread(package, port, address, server_port, panid, channel, jlink_snr, flash_connectivity,
               sim, rate, reset_suppress, masterkey):
        """
        Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device that supports Thread DFU.
        This requires a second nRF device, connected to this computer, with Thread Network
        CoProcessor (NCP) firmware loaded. The NCP device will perform the DFU procedure onto
        the target device.
        """
        ble_driver_init('NRF52')
        from nordicsemi.thread import tncp
        from nordicsemi.thread.dfu_thread import create_dfu_server
        from nordicsemi.thread.tncp import NCPTransport
    #    from nordicsemi.thread.ncp_flasher import NCPFlasher
    
        mcast_dfu = False
    
        if address is None:
            address = ipaddress.ip_address(u"ff03::1")
            click.echo("Address not specified. Using ff03::1 (all Thread nodes)")
        else:
            try:
                address = ipaddress.ip_address(address)
                mcast_dfu = address.is_multicast
            except:
                click.echo("Invalid IPv6 address")
                return 1
    
        if (not sim):
            if port is None and jlink_snr is None:
                click.echo("Please specify serial port or Jlink serial number.")
                return 2
    
            elif port is None:
                port = get_port_by_snr(jlink_snr)
                if port is None:
                    click.echo("\nNo Segger USB CDC ports found, please connect your board.")
                    return 3
    
            stream_descriptor = 'u:' + port
            click.echo("Using connectivity board at serial port: {}".format(port))
        else:
            stream_descriptor = 'p:' + Flasher.which('ot-ncp') + ' 30'
            click.echo("Using ot-ncp binary: {}".format(stream_descriptor))
    
     #   if flash_connectivity:
     #       flasher = NCPFlasher(serial_port=port, snr = jlink_snr)
     #       if flasher.fw_check():
     #           click.echo("Board already flashed with connectivity firmware.")
     #       else:
     #           click.echo("Flashing connectivity firmware...")
     #           flasher.fw_flash()
     #           click.echo("Connectivity firmware flashed.")
    
     #       flasher.reset()
    
            # Delay is required because NCP needs time to initialize.
            time.sleep(1.0)
    
        config = tncp.NCPTransport.get_default_config()
        if (panid):
            config[tncp.NCPTransport.CFG_KEY_PANID] = panid
        if (channel):
            config[tncp.NCPTransport.CFG_KEY_CHANNEL] = channel
        if (flash_connectivity):
            config[tncp.NCPTransport.CFG_KEY_RESET] = False
        if (masterkey):
            config[tncp.NCPTransport.CFG_KEY_MASTERKEY] = util.hex_to_bytes(masterkey)
    
        opts = type('DFUServerOptions', (object,), {})()
        opts.rate = rate
        opts.reset_suppress = reset_suppress
        opts.mcast_dfu = mcast_dfu
    
        transport = NCPTransport(server_port, stream_descriptor, config)
        dfu = create_dfu_server(transport, package, opts)
    
        try:
            sighandler = lambda signum, frame : transport.close()
            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sighandler)
            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sighandler)
    
            transport.open()
            # Delay DFU trigger until NCP promotes to a router (6 seconds by default)
            click.echo("Waiting for NCP to promote to a router...")
            time.sleep(6.0)
            dfu.trigger(address, 3)
            click.echo("Thread DFU server is running... Press <Ctrl + D> to stop.")
            pause()
            click.echo("Terminating")
    
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception(e)
        finally:
            transport.close()
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over a Zigbee connection.")
    @click.option('-f', '--file',
                  help='Filename of the Zigbee OTA Upgrade file.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-snr', '--jlink_snr',
                  help='JLink serial number of the devboard which shall serve as a OTA Server cluster',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-chan', '--channel',
                  help='802.15.4 Channel that the OTA server will use',
                  type=click.INT)
    
    def zigbee(file, jlink_snr, channel):
        """
        Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device that implements a  Zigbee OTA Client cluster.
        This requires a second nRF device, connected to this computer, which shall serve as a
        OTA Server cluster.
        """
        ble_driver_init('NRF52')
        from nordicsemi.zigbee.ota_flasher import OTAFlasher
        of = OTAFlasher(fw = file, channel = channel, snr = jlink_snr)
    
        if of.fw_check():
            click.echo("Board already flashed with connectivity firmware.")
        else:
            click.echo("Flashing connectivity firmware...")
            of.fw_flash()
            click.echo("Connectivity firmware flashed.")
    
        of.reset()
        time.sleep(3.0) # A delay to init the OTA Server flashed on the devboard and the CLI inside of it
        of.randomize_eui64()
        of.setup_channel()
    
    @cli.group()
    def zigbee():
        """
        Zigbee-related commands and utilities.
        """
        pass
    
    @zigbee.command(short_help='Generate the Zigbee Production Config hex file.', name='production_config')
    @click.argument('input', required=True, type=click.Path())
    @click.argument('output', required=True, type=click.Path())
    @click.option('--offset',
                  help='Offset at which the Production Config is located',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    def production_config(input, output, offset):
        """
        Generate the Production config hex file for Zigbee Devices out of YAML-structured description.
        """
        try:
            pc = ProductionConfig(input)
        except ProductionConfigWrongException:
            click.echo("Error: Input YAML file format wrong. Please see the example YAML file in the documentation.")
            return
    
        try:
            if offset is None:
                pc.generate(output)
            else:
                pc.generate(output, offset=offset)
            click.echo("Production Config hexfile generated.")
        except ProductionConfigTooLargeException as e:
            click.echo("Error: Production Config too large: " + str(e.length) + " bytes")
            return
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        cli()
    

    Note that I have not thoroughly tested this, and you may hit some issues. Other features like BLE DFU will also not work with this version.

    Best regards,
    Jørgen

Reply
  • Hi,

    The pc_ble_driver part of nrfutil is only used for checking and flashing the NCP firmware when using nrfutil for Thread DFU. If you flash the firmware separately, it should be possible to run nrfutil on a RPi without large modifications.

    I used the following commands together with attached file:

    pi@raspberrypi:~ $ git clone https://github.com/NordicSemiconductor/pc-nrfutil.git
    pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cd pc-nrfutil/
    pi@raspberrypi:~/pc-nrfutil $ git checkout v5.2.0
    pi@raspberrypi:~/pc-nrfutil $ pip install -r requirements.txt
    pi@raspberrypi:~/pc-nrfutil $ cp ../__main__raspberry.py nordicsemi/__main__.py
    pi@raspberrypi:~/pc-nrfutil $ python nordicsemi/__main__.py dfu thread -pkg ../app_dfu_package.zip -p /dev/ttyACM0 --channel 11 --panid 43981 -r 4 -rs 5000 -a FF03::1
    Using connectivity board at serial port: /dev/ttyACM0
    Waiting for NCP to promote to a router...
    Waiting 20s before starting multicast DFU procedure
    Thread DFU server is running... Press <Ctrl + D> to stop.

    #
    # Copyright (c) 2016 Nordic Semiconductor ASA
    # All rights reserved.
    #
    # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
    # are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
    #
    #   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
    #   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    #
    #   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
    #   list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
    #   other materials provided with the distribution.
    #
    #   3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of other
    #   contributors to this software may be used to endorse or promote products
    #   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
    #
    #   4. This software must only be used in or with a processor manufactured by Nordic
    #   Semiconductor ASA, or in or with a processor manufactured by a third party that
    #   is used in combination with a processor manufactured by Nordic Semiconductor.
    #
    #   5. Any software provided in binary or object form under this license must not be
    #   reverse engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
    #
    # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
    # ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
    # WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
    # DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
    # ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
    # (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
    # LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
    # ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
    # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
    # SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    #
    import ipaddress
    import signal
    
    """nrfutil command line tool."""
    import os
    import sys
    import click
    import time
    import logging
    import subprocess
    import re
    sys.path.append(os.getcwd())
    
    from nordicsemi.dfu.bl_dfu_sett import BLDFUSettings
    from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu import Dfu
    from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport import DfuEvent, TRANSPORT_LOGGING_LEVEL
    from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport_serial import DfuTransportSerial
    from nordicsemi.dfu.package import Package
    from nordicsemi import version as nrfutil_version
    from nordicsemi.dfu.signing import Signing
    from nordicsemi.dfu.util import query_func
    from nordicsemi.zigbee.prod_config import ProductionConfig, ProductionConfigWrongException, ProductionConfigTooLargeException
    from pc_ble_driver_py.exceptions import NordicSemiException, NotImplementedException
    from nordicsemi.lister.device_lister import DeviceLister
    import spinel.util as util
    
    
    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    
    def ble_driver_init(conn_ic_id):
        global BLEDriver, Flasher, DfuTransportBle
        from pc_ble_driver_py import config
        config.__conn_ic_id__ = conn_ic_id
    #    from pc_ble_driver_py.ble_driver    import BLEDriver, Flasher
    #    from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport_ble import DfuTransportBle
    
    def display_sec_warning():
        default_key_warning = """
    |===============================================================|
    |##      ##    ###    ########  ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |##  ##  ##   ## ##   ##     ## ###   ##  ##  ###   ## ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ##  ##   ##  ##     ## ####  ##  ##  ####  ## ##       |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ########  ## ## ##  ##  ## ## ## ##   ####|
    |##  ##  ## ######### ##   ##   ##  ####  ##  ##  #### ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ##    ##  ##   ###  ##  ##   ### ##    ## |
    | ###  ###  ##     ## ##     ## ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |===============================================================|
    |The security key you provided is insecure, as it part of a     |
    |known set of keys that have been widely distributed. Do NOT use|
    |it in your final product or your DFU procedure may be          |
    |compromised and at risk of malicious attacks.                  |
    |===============================================================|
    """
        click.echo("{}".format(default_key_warning))
    
    def display_nokey_warning():
        default_nokey_warning = """
    |===============================================================|
    |##      ##    ###    ########  ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |##  ##  ##   ## ##   ##     ## ###   ##  ##  ###   ## ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ##  ##   ##  ##     ## ####  ##  ##  ####  ## ##       |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ########  ## ## ##  ##  ## ## ## ##   ####|
    |##  ##  ## ######### ##   ##   ##  ####  ##  ##  #### ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ##    ##  ##   ###  ##  ##   ### ##    ## |
    | ###  ###  ##     ## ##     ## ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |===============================================================|
    |You are not providing a signature key, which means the DFU     |
    |files will not be signed, and are vulnerable to tampering.     |
    |This is only compatible with a signature-less bootloader and is|
    |not suitable for production environments.                      |
    |===============================================================|
    """
        click.echo("{}".format(default_nokey_warning))
    
    def display_debug_warning():
        debug_warning = """
    |===============================================================|
    |##      ##    ###    ########  ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |##  ##  ##   ## ##   ##     ## ###   ##  ##  ###   ## ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ##  ##   ##  ##     ## ####  ##  ##  ####  ## ##       |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ########  ## ## ##  ##  ## ## ## ##   ####|
    |##  ##  ## ######### ##   ##   ##  ####  ##  ##  #### ##    ## |
    |##  ##  ## ##     ## ##    ##  ##   ###  ##  ##   ### ##    ## |
    | ###  ###  ##     ## ##     ## ##    ## #### ##    ##  ######  |
    |===============================================================|
    |You are generating a package with the debug bit enabled in the |
    |init packet. This is only compatible with a debug bootloader   |
    |and is not suitable for production.                            |
    |===============================================================|
    """
        click.echo("{}".format(debug_warning))
    
    def display_settings_backup_warning():
        debug_warning = """
    Note: Generating a DFU settings page with backup page included.
    This is only required for bootloaders from nRF5 SDK 15.1 and newer.
    If you want to skip backup page generation, use --no-backup option."""
        click.echo("{}".format(debug_warning))
    
    def int_as_text_to_int(value):
        try:
            if value[:2].lower() == '0x':
                return int(value[2:], 16)
            elif value[:1] == '0':
                return int(value, 8)
            return int(value, 10)
        except ValueError:
            raise NordicSemiException('%s is not a valid integer' % value)
    
    def pause():
        while True:
            try:
                raw_input()
            except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
                break
    
    class BasedIntOrNoneParamType(click.ParamType):
        name = 'Integer'
    
        def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
            try:
                if value.lower() == 'none':
                    return 'none'
                return int_as_text_to_int(value)
            except NordicSemiException:
                self.fail('%s is not a valid integer' % value, param, ctx)
    
    BASED_INT_OR_NONE = BasedIntOrNoneParamType()
    
    class BasedIntParamType(BasedIntOrNoneParamType):
        name = 'Integer'
    
    BASED_INT= BasedIntParamType()
    
    class TextOrNoneParamType(click.ParamType):
        name = 'Text'
    
        def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
            return value
    
    TEXT_OR_NONE = TextOrNoneParamType()
    
    BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS =\
    [
        'NO_VALIDATION',
        'VALIDATE_GENERATED_CRC',
        'VALIDATE_GENERATED_SHA256',
        'VALIDATE_ECDSA_P256_SHA256',
    ]
    DEFAULT_BOOT_VALIDATION = 'VALIDATE_GENERATED_CRC'
    
    
    class OptionRequiredIf(click.Option):
    
        def full_process_value(self, ctx, value):
            value = super(OptionRequiredIf, self).full_process_value(ctx, value)
            if ('serial_number' not in ctx.params or not ctx.params['serial_number']) and value is None:
                msg = 'Required if "-snr" / "--serial-number" is not defined.'
                raise click.MissingParameter(ctx=ctx, param=self, message=msg)
            return value
    
    @click.group()
    @click.option('-v', '--verbose',
                  help='Increase verbosity of output. Can be specified more than once (up to -v -v -v -v).',
                  count=True)
    @click.option('-o', '--output',
                  help='Log output to file',
                  metavar='<filename>')
    def cli(verbose, output):
        #click.echo('verbosity: %s' % verbose)
        if verbose == 0:
            log_level = logging.ERROR
        elif verbose == 1:
            log_level = logging.WARNING
        elif verbose == 2:
            log_level = logging.INFO
        elif verbose == 3:
            log_level = logging.DEBUG
        else:
            # Custom level, logs all the bytes sent/received over the wire/air
            log_level = TRANSPORT_LOGGING_LEVEL
    
        logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(message)s', level=log_level)
    
        if (output):
            root = logging.getLogger('')
            fh = logging.FileHandler(output)
            fh.setLevel(log_level)
            fh.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s'))
            root.addHandler(fh)
    
    @cli.command()
    def version():
        """Display nrfutil version."""
        click.echo("nrfutil version {}".format(nrfutil_version.NRFUTIL_VERSION))
        logger.info("PyPi URL: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/nrfutil")
        logger.debug("GitHub URL: https://github.com/NordicSemiconductor/pc-nrfutil")
    
    @cli.group(short_help='Generate and display Bootloader DFU settings.')
    def settings():
        """
        This set of commands supports creating and displaying bootloader settings.
        """
        pass
    
    @settings.command(short_help='Generate a .hex file with Bootloader DFU settings.')
    @click.argument('hex_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    @click.option('--family',
                  help='nRF IC family: NRF51 or NRF52 or NRF52QFAB or NRF52810 or NRF52840',
                  type=click.Choice(['NRF51', 'NRF52', 'NRF52QFAB', 'NRF52810', 'NRF52840']))
    @click.option('--application',
                  help='The application firmware file. This can be omitted if'
                        'the target IC does not contain an application in flash.'
                        'Requires --application-version or --application-version-string.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--application-version',
                  help='The application version.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--application-version-string',
                  help='The application version string, e.g "2.7.31".',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--bootloader-version',
                  help='The bootloader version.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--bl-settings-version',
                  help='The Bootloader settings version.'
                  'Defined in nrf_dfu_types.h, the following apply to released SDKs:'
                  '\n|SDK12.0.0 - SDK15.2.0|1|'
                  '\n|SDK15.3.0 -          |2|',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--start-address',
                  help='Custom start address for the settings page. If not specified, '
                       'then the last page of the flash is used.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--no-backup',
                  help='Do not overwrite DFU settings backup page. If not specified, '
                       'than the resulting .hex file will contain a copy of DFU settings, '
                       'that will overwrite contents of DFU settings backup page.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  is_flag=True,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--backup-address',
                  help='Address of the DFU settings backup page inside flash. '
                       'By default, the backup page address is placed one page below DFU settings. '
                       'The value is precalculated based on configured settings address '
                       '(<DFU_settings_addrsss> - 0x1000).',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--app-boot-validation',
                  help='The method of boot validation for application. Choose from:\n%s' % ('\n'.join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS),),
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--sd-boot-validation',
                  help='The method of boot validation for Softdevice. Choose from:\n%s' % ('\n'.join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS),),
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--softdevice',
                  help='The SoftDevice firmware file. Must be given if SD Boot Validation is used.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False))
    @click.option('--key-file',
                  help='The private (signing) key in PEM fomat. Needed for ECDSA Boot Validation.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False))
    def generate(hex_file,
                 family,
                 application,
                 application_version,
                 application_version_string,
                 bootloader_version,
                 bl_settings_version,
                 start_address,
                 no_backup,
                 backup_address,
                 app_boot_validation,
                 sd_boot_validation,
                 softdevice,
                 key_file):
    
        # Initial consistency checks
        if family is None:
            click.echo("Error: IC Family required.")
            return
    
        # The user can specify the application version with two different
        # formats. As an integer, e.g. 102130, or as a string
        # "10.21.30". Internally we convert to integer.
        if application_version_string:
            application_version_internal = convert_version_string_to_int(application_version_string)
        else:
            application_version_internal = application_version
    
        if application is not None:
            if not os.path.isfile(application):
                click.echo("Error: Application file not found.")
                return
            if application_version_internal is None:
                click.echo("Error: Application version required.")
                return
    
        if bootloader_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader version required.")
            return
    
        if bl_settings_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader DFU settings version required.")
            return
    
        if (no_backup is not None) and (backup_address is not None):
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader DFU settings backup page cannot be specified if backup is disabled.")
            return
    
        if no_backup is None:
            no_backup = False
    
        if no_backup is False:
            display_settings_backup_warning()
    
        if (start_address is not None) and (backup_address is None):
            click.echo("WARNING: Using default offset in order to calculate bootloader settings backup page")
    
        if sd_boot_validation and (sd_boot_validation not in BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS):
            click.echo("Error: --sd_boot_validation called with invalid argument. Must be one of:\n%s" % ("\n".join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS)))
            return
    
        if app_boot_validation and (app_boot_validation not in BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS):
            click.echo("Error: --app_boot_validation called with invalid argument. Must be one of:\n%s" % ("\n".join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS)))
            return
    
        if bl_settings_version == 1 and (app_boot_validation or sd_boot_validation):
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader settings version 1 does not support boot validation.")
            return
    
        if (app_boot_validation == 'VALIDATE_ECDSA_P256_SHA256' and key_file is None) or \
            (sd_boot_validation == 'VALIDATE_ECDSA_P256_SHA256' and key_file is None):
            click.echo("Error: Key file must be given when 'VALIDATE_ECDSA_P256_SHA256' boot validation is used")
            return
    
        if app_boot_validation and not application:
            click.echo("Error: --application hex file must be set when using --app_boot_validation")
            return
    
        if sd_boot_validation and not softdevice:
            click.echo("Error: --softdevice hex file must be set when using --sd_boot_validation")
            return
    
        # Default boot validation cases
        if app_boot_validation is None and application is not None and bl_settings_version == 2:
            app_boot_validation = DEFAULT_BOOT_VALIDATION
        if sd_boot_validation is None and softdevice is not None and bl_settings_version == 2:
            sd_boot_validation = DEFAULT_BOOT_VALIDATION
    
        sett = BLDFUSettings()
        sett.generate(arch=family, app_file=application, app_ver=application_version_internal, bl_ver=bootloader_version,
                      bl_sett_ver=bl_settings_version, custom_bl_sett_addr=start_address, no_backup=no_backup,
                      backup_address=backup_address, app_boot_validation_type=app_boot_validation,
                      sd_boot_validation_type=sd_boot_validation, sd_file=softdevice, key_file=key_file)
        sett.tohexfile(hex_file)
    
        click.echo("\nGenerated Bootloader DFU settings .hex file and stored it in: {}".format(hex_file))
    
        click.echo("{0}".format(str(sett)))
    
    @settings.command(short_help='Display the contents of a .hex file with Bootloader DFU settings.')
    @click.argument('hex_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    
    def display(hex_file):
    
        sett = BLDFUSettings()
        try:
            sett.fromhexfile(hex_file)
        except NordicSemiException as err:
            click.echo(err)
            return
    
        click.echo("{0}".format(str(sett)))
    
    
    @cli.group(short_help='Generate and display private and public keys.')
    def keys():
        """
        This set of commands supports creating and displaying a private (signing) key
        as well as displaying the public (verification) key derived from a private key.
        Private keys are stored in PEM format.
        """
        pass
    
    @keys.command(short_help='Generate a private key and store it in a file in PEM format.')
    @click.argument('key_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    
    def generate(key_file):
        signer = Signing()
    
        if os.path.exists(key_file):
            if not query_func("File found at %s. Do you want to overwrite the file?" % key_file):
                click.echo('Key generation aborted.')
                return
    
        signer.gen_key(key_file)
        click.echo("Generated private key and stored it in: %s" % key_file)
    
    @keys.command(short_help='Display the private key that is stored in a file in PEM format or a public key derived from it.')
    @click.argument('key_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    @click.option('--key',
                  help='(pk|sk) Display the public key (pk) or the private key (sk).',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--format',
                  help='(hex|code|pem) Display the key in hexadecimal format (hex), C code (code), or PEM (pem) format.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--out_file',
                  help='If provided, save the output in file out_file.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    
    def display(key_file, key, format, out_file):
        signer = Signing()
    
        if not os.path.isfile(key_file):
            raise NordicSemiException("File not found: %s" % key_file)
    
        default_key = signer.load_key(key_file)
        if default_key:
            display_sec_warning()
    
        if not key:
            click.echo("You must specify a key with --key (pk|sk).")
            return
        if key != "pk" and key != "sk":
            click.echo("Invalid key type. Valid types are (pk|sk).")
            return
    
        if not format:
            click.echo("You must specify a format with --format (hex|code|pem).")
            return
        if format != "hex" and format != "code" and format != "pem" and format != "dbgcode":
            click.echo("Invalid format. Valid formats are (hex|code|pem).")
            return
    
        if format == "dbgcode":
            format = "code"
            dbg = True
        else:
            dbg = False
    
        if format == "code" and key == "sk":
            click.echo("Displaying the private key as code is not available.")
            return
    
        if key == "pk":
            kstr = signer.get_vk(format, dbg)
        elif key == "sk":
            kstr = "\nWARNING: Security risk! Do not share the private key.\n\n"
            kstr = kstr + signer.get_sk(format, dbg)
    
        if not out_file:
            click.echo(kstr)
        else:
            with open(out_file, "w") as kfile:
                kfile.write(kstr)
    
    
    @cli.group(short_help='Display or generate a DFU package (zip file).')
    def pkg():
        """
        This set of commands supports Nordic DFU package generation.
        """
        pass
    
    
    @pkg.command(short_help='Generate a zip file for performing DFU.')
    @click.argument('zipfile',
                    required=True,
                    type=click.Path())
    @click.option('--debug-mode',
                  help='Debug mode switch, enables version check skipping.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  default=False,
                  is_flag=True)
    @click.option('--application',
                  help='The application firmware file.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--application-version',
                  help='The application version.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--application-version-string',
                  help='The application version string, e.g "2.7.31".',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--bootloader',
                  help='The bootloader firmware file.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--bootloader-version',
                  help='The bootloader version.',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--hw-version',
                  help='The hardware version.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT)
    @click.option('--sd-req',
                  help='The SoftDevice requirements. A comma-separated list of SoftDevice firmware IDs '
                       '(1 or more) of which one must be present on the target device. Each item on the '
                       'list must be a two- or four-digit hex number prefixed with \"0x\" (e.g. \"0x12\", '
                       '\"0x1234\").\n'
                       'A non-exhaustive list of well-known values to use with this option follows:'
                       '\n|s112_nrf52_6.0.0|0xA7|'
                       '\n|s112_nrf52_6.1.0|0xB0|'
                       '\n|s112_nrf52_6.1.1|0xB8|'
                       '\n|s130_nrf51_1.0.0|0x67|'
                       '\n|s130_nrf51_2.0.0|0x80|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_2.0.0|0x81|'
                       '\n|s130_nrf51_2.0.1|0x87|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_2.0.1|0x88|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_3.0.0|0x8C|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_3.1.0|0x91|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.0|0x95|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.2|0x98|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.3|0x99|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.4|0x9E|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_4.0.5|0x9F|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_5.0.0|0x9D|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_5.1.0|0xA5|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_6.0.0|0xA8|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_6.1.0|0xAF|'
                       '\n|s132_nrf52_6.1.1|0xB7|'
                       '\n|s140_nrf52_6.0.0|0xA9|'
                       '\n|s140_nrf52_6.1.0|0xAE|'
                       '\n|s140_nrf52_6.1.1|0xB6|',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  required=False,
                  multiple=True)
    @click.option('--sd-id',
                  help='The new SoftDevice ID to be used as --sd-req for the Application update in case the ZIP '
                       'contains a SoftDevice and an Application.',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  multiple=True)
    @click.option('--softdevice',
                  help='The SoftDevice firmware file.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--sd-boot-validation',
                  help='The method of boot validation for Softdevice. Choose from:\n%s' % ('\n'.join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS),),
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--app-boot-validation',
                  help='The method of boot validation for application. Choose from:\n%s' % ('\n'.join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS),),
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--key-file',
                  help='The private (signing) key in PEM fomat.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False))
    @click.option('--external-app',
                  help='Indicates that the FW upgrade is intended to be passed through '
                       '(not applied on the receiving device)',
                  type=click.BOOL, is_flag=True, default=False)
    @click.option('--zigbee',
                  help='Create an image and distribution package for Zigbee DFU server.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.BOOL)
    @click.option('--zigbee-manufacturer-id',
                  help='Manufacturer ID to be used in Zigbee OTA header.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT)
    @click.option('--zigbee-image-type',
                  help='Image type to be used in Zigbee OTA header.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT)
    @click.option('--zigbee-comment',
                  help='Firmware comment to be used in Zigbee OTA header.',
                  required=False,
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('--zigbee-ota-hw-version',
                  help='The zigbee OTA hw version.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    @click.option('--zigbee-ota-fw-version',
                  help='The zigbee OTA fw version.',
                  required=False,
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    def generate(zipfile,
               debug_mode,
               application,
               application_version,
               application_version_string,
               bootloader,
               bootloader_version,
               hw_version,
               sd_req,
               sd_id,
               softdevice,
               sd_boot_validation,
               app_boot_validation,
               key_file,
               external_app,
               zigbee,
               zigbee_manufacturer_id,
               zigbee_image_type,
               zigbee_comment,
               zigbee_ota_hw_version,
               zigbee_ota_fw_version):
        """
        Generate a zip package for distribution to apps that support Nordic DFU OTA.
        The application, bootloader, and SoftDevice files are converted to .bin if supplied as .hex files.
        For more information on the generated package, see:
        http://developer.nordicsemi.com/nRF5_SDK/doc/
    
        The following combinations are supported by this command:
    
        * BL only: Supported.
    
        * SD only: Supported (SD of same Major Version).
    
        * APP only: Supported (external or internal).
    
        * BL + SD: Supported.
    
        * BL + APP: Not supported (use two packages instead).
    
        * BL + SD + APP: Supported.
    
        * SD + APP: Supported (SD of same Major Version).
        """
        zipfile_path = zipfile
    
        # Check combinations
        if bootloader is not None and application is not None and softdevice is None:
            click.echo("Error: Invalid combination: use two .zip packages instead.")
            return
    
        if debug_mode is None:
            debug_mode = False
    
        # The user can specify the application version with two different
        # formats. As an integer, e.g. 102130, or as a string
        # "10.21.30". Internally we convert to integer.
        if application_version_string:
            application_version_internal = convert_version_string_to_int(application_version_string)
        else:
            application_version_internal = application_version
    
        if application_version_internal == 'none':
            application_version_internal = None
    
        if bootloader_version == 'none':
            bootloader_version = None
    
        if hw_version == 'none':
            hw_version = None
    
        if external_app is None:
            external_app = False
    
        if zigbee_ota_hw_version == 'none':
            zigbee_ota_hw_version = None
    
        if zigbee_ota_fw_version == 'none':
            zigbee_ota_fw_version = None
    
        # Convert multiple value into a single instance
        if len(sd_req) > 1:
            click.echo("Please specify SoftDevice requirements as a comma-separated list: --sd-req 0xXXXX,0xYYYY,...")
            return
        elif len(sd_req) == 0:
            sd_req = None
        else:
            sd_req = sd_req[0]
            if sd_req == 'none':
                sd_req = None
    
        if len(sd_id) > 1:
            click.echo("Please specify SoftDevice requirements as a comma-separated list: --sd-id 0xXXXX,0xYYYY,...")
            return
        elif len(sd_id) == 0:
            sd_id = None
        else:
            sd_id = sd_id[0]
            if sd_id == 'none':
                sd_id = None
    
        # Initial consistency checks
        if application_version_internal is not None and application is None:
            click.echo("Error: Application version with no image.")
            return
    
        if bootloader_version is not None and bootloader is None:
            click.echo("Error: Bootloader version with no image.")
            return
    
        if debug_mode:
            display_debug_warning()
            # Default to no version checking
            if application_version_internal is None:
                application_version_internal=Package.DEFAULT_APP_VERSION
            if bootloader_version is None:
                bootloader_version=Package.DEFAULT_BL_VERSION
            if hw_version is None:
                hw_version=Package.DEFAULT_HW_VERSION
            if sd_req is None:
                # Use string as this will be mapped into an int below
                sd_req=str(Package.DEFAULT_SD_REQ[0])
    
        # Version checks
        if hw_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: --hw-version required.")
            return
    
        if sd_req is None and external_app is False:
            click.echo("Error: --sd-req required.")
            return
    
        if application is not None and application_version_internal is None:
            click.echo('Error: --application-version or --application-version-string'
                       ' required with application image.')
            return
    
        if bootloader is not None and bootloader_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: --bootloader-version required with bootloader image.")
            return
    
        # Zigbee only allows App, SoftDevice (minor), bootloader or Softdevice+bootloader
        if zigbee:
            if sum(bool(x) for x in [application, softdevice, bootloader]) != 1:
                click.echo('Error: Provide either --application, --softdevice, or --bootloader'
                           ' for Zigbee package generation (not a combination).')
    
        if application is not None and softdevice is not None and sd_id is None:
            click.echo("Error: --sd-id required with softdevice and application images.")
            return
    
        if application is None and external_app is True:
            click.echo("Error: --external-app requires an application.")
            return
    
        if application is not None and softdevice is not None and external_app is True:
            click.echo("Error: --external-app is only possible for application only DFU packages.")
            return
    
        if application is not None and bootloader is not None and external_app is True:
            click.echo("Error: --external-app is only possible for application only DFU packages.")
            return
    
        if zigbee and zigbee_ota_hw_version is None:
            click.echo("Error: --zigbee-ota-hw-version is required.")
            return
    
        if zigbee and zigbee_ota_fw_version is None:
            zigbee_ota_fw_version = 0
    
        sd_req_list = []
        if sd_req is not None:
            try:
                # This will parse any string starting with 0x as base 16.
                sd_req_list = sd_req.split(',')
                sd_req_list = map(int_as_text_to_int, sd_req_list)
            except ValueError:
                raise NordicSemiException("Could not parse value for --sd-req. "
                                          "Hex values should be prefixed with 0x.")
    
        sd_id_list = []
        if sd_id is not None:
            try:
                # This will parse any string starting with 0x as base 16.
                sd_id_list = sd_id.split(',')
                sd_id_list = map(int_as_text_to_int, sd_id_list)
    
                # Copy all IDs from sd_id_list to sd_req_list, without duplicates.
                # This ensures that the softdevice update can be repeated in case
                # SD+(BL)+App update terminates during application update after the
                # softdevice was already updated (with new ID). Such update would
                # have to be repeated and the softdevice would have to be sent again,
                # this time updating itself.
                sd_req_list += set(sd_id_list) - set(sd_req_list)
            except ValueError:
                raise NordicSemiException("Could not parse value for --sd-id. "
                                          "Hex values should be prefixed with 0x.")
        else:
            sd_id_list = sd_req_list
    
        if key_file is None:
            display_nokey_warning()
        else:
            signer = Signing()
            default_key = signer.load_key(key_file)
            if default_key:
                display_sec_warning()
    
        if sd_boot_validation and (sd_boot_validation not in BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS):
            click.echo("Error: --sd_boot_validation called with invalid argument. Must be one of:\n%s" % ("\n".join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS)))
            return
    
        if app_boot_validation and (app_boot_validation not in BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS):
            click.echo("Error: --app_boot_validation called with invalid argument. Must be one of:\n%s" % ("\n".join(BOOT_VALIDATION_ARGS)))
            return
    
        if zigbee_comment is None:
            zigbee_comment = ''
        elif any(ord(char) > 127 for char in zigbee_comment): # Check if all the characters belong to the ASCII range
            click.echo('Warning: Non-ASCII characters in the comment are not allowed. Discarding comment.')
            zigbee_comment = ''
        elif len(zigbee_comment) > 30:
            click.echo('Warning: truncating the comment to 30 bytes.')
            zigbee_comment = zigbee_comment[:30]
    
        if zigbee_manufacturer_id is None:
            zigbee_manufacturer_id = 0xFFFF
    
        if zigbee_image_type is None:
            zigbee_image_type = 0xFFFF
    
        # Set the external_app to false in --zigbee is set
        inner_external_app = external_app
        if zigbee:
            inner_external_app = False
    
        # Generate a DFU package. If --zigbee is set this is the inner DFU package
        # which will be used as a binary input to the outter DFU package
        package = Package(debug_mode,
                          hw_version,
                          application_version_internal,
                          bootloader_version,
                          sd_req_list,
                          sd_id_list,
                          application,
                          bootloader,
                          softdevice,
                          sd_boot_validation,
                          app_boot_validation,
                          key_file,
                          inner_external_app,
                          zigbee,
                          zigbee_manufacturer_id,
                          zigbee_image_type,
                          zigbee_comment)
    
        package.generate_package(zipfile_path)
    
        if zigbee:
            from shutil import copyfile
            from os import remove
    
            log_message = "Zigbee update created at {0}".format(package.zigbee_ota_file.filename)
            click.echo(log_message)
    
            # Taking the inner Zigbee package as input for the outer DFU package
            binfile = package.zigbee_ota_file.filename.replace(".zigbee", ".bin")
            copyfile(package.zigbee_ota_file.filename, binfile)
    
            # Create the outer Zigbee DFU package.
            package = Package(debug_mode,
                              zigbee_ota_hw_version,
                              zigbee_ota_fw_version,
                              None,
                              [0xFFFE],
                              [0xFFFE],
                              binfile,
                              None,
                              None,
                              None,
                              None,
                              key_file,
                              True)
    
            package.generate_package(zipfile_path)
            remove(binfile)
    
        log_message = "Zip created at {0}".format(zipfile_path)
        click.echo(log_message)
    
    @pkg.command(short_help='Display the contents of a .zip package file.')
    @click.argument('zip_file', required=True, type=click.Path())
    
    def display(zip_file):
    
        package = Package()
        package.parse_package(zip_file, preserve_work_dir=True)
    
        click.echo("{0}".format(str(package)))
    
    global_bar = None
    def update_progress(progress=0):
        if global_bar:
            global_bar.update(progress)
    
    @cli.group(short_help='Perform a Device Firmware Update over serial, BLE, Thread, Zigbee or ANT transport given a DFU package (zip file).')
    def dfu():
        """
        This set of commands supports Device Firmware Upgrade procedures over both BLE and serial transports.
        """
        pass
    
    def do_serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number, ping,
                  timeout):
    
        if flow_control is None:
            flow_control = DfuTransportSerial.DEFAULT_FLOW_CONTROL
        if packet_receipt_notification is None:
            packet_receipt_notification = DfuTransportSerial.DEFAULT_PRN
        if baud_rate is None:
            baud_rate = DfuTransportSerial.DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE
        if ping is None:
            ping = False
        if port is None:
            device_lister = DeviceLister()
            device = device_lister.get_device(serial_number=serial_number)
            if device is None:
                raise NordicSemiException("A device with serial number %s is not connected." % serial_number)
            port = device.get_first_available_com_port()
            logger.info("Resolved serial number {} to port {}".format(serial_number, port))
    
        if timeout is None:
            timeout = DfuTransportSerial.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
    
        logger.info("Using board at serial port: {}".format(port))
        serial_backend = DfuTransportSerial(com_port=str(port), baud_rate=baud_rate,
                                            flow_control=flow_control, prn=packet_receipt_notification, do_ping=ping,
                                            timeout=timeout)
        serial_backend.register_events_callback(DfuEvent.PROGRESS_EVENT, update_progress)
        dfu = Dfu(zip_file_path = package, dfu_transport = serial_backend, connect_delay = connect_delay)
    
        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
            with click.progressbar(length=dfu.dfu_get_total_size()) as bar:
                global global_bar
                global_bar = bar
                dfu.dfu_send_images()
        else:
            dfu.dfu_send_images()
    
        click.echo("Device programmed.")
    
    @dfu.command(short_help='Update the firmware on a device over a USB serial connection. The DFU '
                            'target must be a chip with USB pins (i.e. nRF52840) and provide a USB ACM '
                            'CDC serial interface.')
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='Serial port address to which the device is connected. (e.g. COM1 in windows systems, /dev/ttyACM0 in linux/mac)',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  cls = OptionRequiredIf)
    @click.option('-cd', '--connect-delay',
                  help='Delay in seconds before each connection to the target device during DFU. Default is 3.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-fc', '--flow-control',
                  help='To enable flow control set this flag to 1',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-prn', '--packet-receipt-notification',
                  help='Set the packet receipt notification value',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-b', '--baud-rate',
                  help='Set the baud rate',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-snr', '--serial-number',
                  help='Serial number of the device. Ignored if --port is set.',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-t', '--timeout',
                  help='Set the timeout in seconds for board to respond (default: 30 seconds)',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    def usb_serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number,
                   timeout):
        """Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device with a bootloader that supports USB serial DFU."""
        do_serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number, False,
                  timeout)
    
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over a UART serial connection. The DFU target must be a chip using digital I/O pins as an UART.")
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='Serial port address to which the device is connected. (e.g. COM1 in windows systems, /dev/ttyACM0 in linux/mac)',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  cls = OptionRequiredIf)
    @click.option('-cd', '--connect-delay',
                  help='Delay in seconds before each connection to the target device during DFU. Default is 3.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-fc', '--flow-control',
                  help='To enable flow control set this flag to 1',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-prn', '--packet-receipt-notification',
                  help='Set the packet receipt notification value',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-b', '--baud-rate',
                  help='Set the baud rate',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-snr', '--serial-number',
                  help='Serial number of the device. Ignored if --port is set.',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-t', '--timeout',
                  help='Set the timeout in seconds for board to respond (default: 30 seconds)',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    def serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number,
               timeout):
        """Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device with a bootloader that supports UART serial DFU."""
    
        do_serial(package, port, connect_delay, flow_control, packet_receipt_notification, baud_rate, serial_number, True,
                  timeout)
    
    
    def enumerate_ports():
        descs   = BLEDriver.enum_serial_ports()
        if len(descs) == 0:
            return None
        click.echo('Please select connectivity serial port:')
        for i, choice in enumerate(descs):
            click.echo('\t{} : {} - {}'.format(i, choice.port, choice.serial_number))
    
        index = click.prompt('Enter your choice: ', type=click.IntRange(0, len(descs)))
        return descs[index].port
    
    def get_port_by_snr(snr):
        serial_ports = BLEDriver.enum_serial_ports()
        try:
            serial_port = [d.port for d in serial_ports if d.serial_number.lstrip('0') == snr][0]
        except IndexError:
            raise NordicSemiException('board not found')
        return serial_port
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over a BLE connection.")
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-ic', '--conn-ic-id',
                  help='Connectivity IC family: NRF51 or NRF52',
                  type=click.Choice(['NRF51', 'NRF52']),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='Serial port COM port to which the connectivity IC is connected.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-cd', '--connect-delay',
                  help='Delay in seconds before each connection to the target device during DFU. Default is 3.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-n', '--name',
                  help='Device name.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-a', '--address',
                  help='BLE address of the DFU target device.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-snr', '--jlink_snr',
                  help='Jlink serial number for the connectivity IC.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-f', '--flash_connectivity',
                  help='Flash connectivity firmware automatically. Default: disabled.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  is_flag=True)
    @click.option('-mtu', '--att-mtu',
                  help='ATT MTU. Maximum ATT packet size for BLE transfers. '
                       'Accepted values in range [23, 247]. Default is 247. '
                       'Note: Failing DFU transmissions can in some cases be solved by setting a '
                       'lower mtu.',
                  type=click.IntRange(23, 247, clamp=True),
                  default=247)
    def ble(package, conn_ic_id, port, connect_delay, name, address, jlink_snr, flash_connectivity, att_mtu):
        """
        Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device with a bootloader that supports BLE DFU.
        This requires a second nRF device, connected to this computer, with connectivity firmware
        loaded. The connectivity device will perform the DFU procedure onto the target device.
        """
        ble_driver_init(conn_ic_id)
        if name is None and address is None:
            name = 'DfuTarg'
            click.echo("No target selected. Default device name: {} is used.".format(name))
    
        # Remove colons from address in case written in format XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
        if address:
            address = address.replace(':', '')
            if not re.match('^[0-9A-Fa-f]{12}$', address):
                click.echo('Invalid address. Must be exactly 6 bytes HEX, '
                           'e.g. ABCDEF123456 or AB:CD:EF:12:34:56.')
                return
    
        if port is None and jlink_snr is not None:
            port = get_port_by_snr(jlink_snr)
    
        elif port is None:
            port = enumerate_ports()
            if port is None:
                click.echo("\nNo Segger USB CDC ports found, please connect your board.")
                return
    
        if flash_connectivity:
            flasher = Flasher(serial_port=port, snr = jlink_snr)
            if flasher.fw_check():
                click.echo("Board already flashed with connectivity firmware.")
            else:
                click.echo("Flashing connectivity firmware...")
                flasher.fw_flash()
                click.echo("Connectivity firmware flashed.")
            flasher.reset()
            time.sleep(1)
    
        logger.info("Using connectivity board at serial port: {}".format(port))
        ble_backend = DfuTransportBle(serial_port=str(port),
                                      att_mtu=att_mtu,
                                      target_device_name=str(name),
                                      target_device_addr=str(address))
        ble_backend.register_events_callback(DfuEvent.PROGRESS_EVENT, update_progress)
        dfu = Dfu(zip_file_path = package, dfu_transport = ble_backend, connect_delay = connect_delay)
    
        if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
            with click.progressbar(length=dfu.dfu_get_total_size()) as bar:
                global global_bar
                global_bar = bar
                dfu.dfu_send_images()
        else:
            dfu.dfu_send_images()
    
        click.echo("Device programmed.")
    
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over an ANT connection.")
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='ANT USB device to use for performing the update.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-cd', '--connect-delay',
                  help='Delay in seconds before each connection to the target device during DFU. Default is 3.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-prn', '--packet-receipt-notification',
                  help='Set the packet receipt notification value.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--period',
                  help='Set the ANT Channel period.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--freq',
                  help='Set the ANT RF Frequency.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--net-key',
                  help='Set the ANT network key. Must be formated as hexadecimal numbers seperated by dashes ("-").',
                  type=click.STRING,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('--dev-type',
                  help='Set the ANT device type',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-srn', '--serial',
                  help='Serial number of device to search for.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  required=False)
    @click.option('-d', '--debug/--no-debug',
                  help='Enable ANT debug logs.',
                  default=False,
                  required=False)
    def ant(package, port, connect_delay, packet_receipt_notification, period,
            freq, net_key, dev_type, serial, debug):
    
        from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport_ant import platform_supported
    
        if not platform_supported():
            return
    
        # This import needs to happen only if the platform is supported.
        from nordicsemi.dfu.dfu_transport_ant import DfuTransportAnt, AntParams
    
        ant_config = AntParams()
        if port is None:
            port = DfuTransportAnt.DEFAULT_PORT
        if packet_receipt_notification is None:
            packet_receipt_notification = DfuTransportAnt.DEFAULT_PRN
        if period is not None:
            ant_config.channel_period = period
        if freq is not None:
            ant_config.rf_freq = freq
        if net_key is not None:
            ant_config.network_key = [int(x, 16) for x in net_key.split('-')]
        if dev_type is not None:
            ant_config.device_type = dev_type
        if serial is not None:
            ant_config.device_num = serial & 0xFFFF
            ant_config.trans_type = 0x01 | ((serial >> 12) & 0xF0)
    
        ant_backend = DfuTransportAnt(port=port, prn=packet_receipt_notification,
            ant_config=ant_config, debug=debug)
        ant_backend.register_events_callback(DfuEvent.PROGRESS_EVENT, update_progress)
        dfu = Dfu(zip_file_path=package, dfu_transport=ant_backend, connect_delay=connect_delay)
    
        try:
            if logger.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.INFO:
                with click.progressbar(length=dfu.dfu_get_total_size()) as bar:
                    global global_bar
                    global_bar = bar
                    dfu.dfu_send_images()
            else:
                dfu.dfu_send_images()
        except Exception:
            if ant_backend.dfu_adapter and ant_backend.dfu_adapter.ant_dev:
                # Make sure things get cleaned up if there is an error.
                ant_backend.dfu_adapter.ant_dev.ant_close()
            raise
    
        click.echo("Device programmed.")
    
    
    def convert_version_string_to_int(s):
        """Convert from semver string "1.2.3", to integer 10203"""
        numbers = s.split(".")
        js = [10000, 100, 1]
        return sum([js[i] * int(numbers[i]) for i in range(3)])
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over a Thread connection.")
    @click.option('-pkg', '--package',
                  help='Filename of the DFU package.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-p', '--port',
                  help='Serial port COM port to which the NCP is connected.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-a', '--address',
                  help='Device IPv6 address. If address is not specified then perform DFU '
                       'on all capable devices. If multicast address is specified (FF03::1), '
                       'perform multicast DFU.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-sp', '--server_port',
                  help='UDP port to which the DFU server binds. If not specified the 5683 is used.',
                  type=click.INT,
                  default=5683)
    @click.option('--panid',
                  help='802.15.4 PAN ID. If not specified then 1234 is used as PAN ID.',
                  type=click.INT)
    @click.option('--channel',
                  help='802.15.4 Channel. If not specified then channel 11 is used.',
                  type=click.INT)
    @click.option('-snr', '--jlink_snr',
                  help='Jlink serial number.',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-f', '--flash_connectivity',
                  help='Flash NCP connectivity firmware automatically. Default: disabled.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  is_flag=True)
    @click.option('-s', '--sim',
                  help='Use software NCP and connect to the OT simulator.',
                  type=click.BOOL,
                  is_flag=True)
    @click.option('-r', '--rate',
                  help="Multicast upload rate in blocks per second.",
                  type=click.FLOAT)
    @click.option('-rs', '--reset_suppress',
                  help='Suppress device reset after finishing DFU for a given number of milliseconds. ' +
                       'If -1 is given then suppress indefinatelly.',
                  type = click.INT,
                  metavar = '<delay_in_ms>')
    @click.option('-m', '--masterkey',
                  help='Masterkey. If not specified then 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff is used',
                  type=click.STRING)
    
    def thread(package, port, address, server_port, panid, channel, jlink_snr, flash_connectivity,
               sim, rate, reset_suppress, masterkey):
        """
        Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device that supports Thread DFU.
        This requires a second nRF device, connected to this computer, with Thread Network
        CoProcessor (NCP) firmware loaded. The NCP device will perform the DFU procedure onto
        the target device.
        """
        ble_driver_init('NRF52')
        from nordicsemi.thread import tncp
        from nordicsemi.thread.dfu_thread import create_dfu_server
        from nordicsemi.thread.tncp import NCPTransport
    #    from nordicsemi.thread.ncp_flasher import NCPFlasher
    
        mcast_dfu = False
    
        if address is None:
            address = ipaddress.ip_address(u"ff03::1")
            click.echo("Address not specified. Using ff03::1 (all Thread nodes)")
        else:
            try:
                address = ipaddress.ip_address(address)
                mcast_dfu = address.is_multicast
            except:
                click.echo("Invalid IPv6 address")
                return 1
    
        if (not sim):
            if port is None and jlink_snr is None:
                click.echo("Please specify serial port or Jlink serial number.")
                return 2
    
            elif port is None:
                port = get_port_by_snr(jlink_snr)
                if port is None:
                    click.echo("\nNo Segger USB CDC ports found, please connect your board.")
                    return 3
    
            stream_descriptor = 'u:' + port
            click.echo("Using connectivity board at serial port: {}".format(port))
        else:
            stream_descriptor = 'p:' + Flasher.which('ot-ncp') + ' 30'
            click.echo("Using ot-ncp binary: {}".format(stream_descriptor))
    
     #   if flash_connectivity:
     #       flasher = NCPFlasher(serial_port=port, snr = jlink_snr)
     #       if flasher.fw_check():
     #           click.echo("Board already flashed with connectivity firmware.")
     #       else:
     #           click.echo("Flashing connectivity firmware...")
     #           flasher.fw_flash()
     #           click.echo("Connectivity firmware flashed.")
    
     #       flasher.reset()
    
            # Delay is required because NCP needs time to initialize.
            time.sleep(1.0)
    
        config = tncp.NCPTransport.get_default_config()
        if (panid):
            config[tncp.NCPTransport.CFG_KEY_PANID] = panid
        if (channel):
            config[tncp.NCPTransport.CFG_KEY_CHANNEL] = channel
        if (flash_connectivity):
            config[tncp.NCPTransport.CFG_KEY_RESET] = False
        if (masterkey):
            config[tncp.NCPTransport.CFG_KEY_MASTERKEY] = util.hex_to_bytes(masterkey)
    
        opts = type('DFUServerOptions', (object,), {})()
        opts.rate = rate
        opts.reset_suppress = reset_suppress
        opts.mcast_dfu = mcast_dfu
    
        transport = NCPTransport(server_port, stream_descriptor, config)
        dfu = create_dfu_server(transport, package, opts)
    
        try:
            sighandler = lambda signum, frame : transport.close()
            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sighandler)
            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sighandler)
    
            transport.open()
            # Delay DFU trigger until NCP promotes to a router (6 seconds by default)
            click.echo("Waiting for NCP to promote to a router...")
            time.sleep(6.0)
            dfu.trigger(address, 3)
            click.echo("Thread DFU server is running... Press <Ctrl + D> to stop.")
            pause()
            click.echo("Terminating")
    
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception(e)
        finally:
            transport.close()
    
    @dfu.command(short_help="Update the firmware on a device over a Zigbee connection.")
    @click.option('-f', '--file',
                  help='Filename of the Zigbee OTA Upgrade file.',
                  type=click.Path(exists=True, resolve_path=True, file_okay=True, dir_okay=False),
                  required=True)
    @click.option('-snr', '--jlink_snr',
                  help='JLink serial number of the devboard which shall serve as a OTA Server cluster',
                  type=click.STRING)
    @click.option('-chan', '--channel',
                  help='802.15.4 Channel that the OTA server will use',
                  type=click.INT)
    
    def zigbee(file, jlink_snr, channel):
        """
        Perform a Device Firmware Update on a device that implements a  Zigbee OTA Client cluster.
        This requires a second nRF device, connected to this computer, which shall serve as a
        OTA Server cluster.
        """
        ble_driver_init('NRF52')
        from nordicsemi.zigbee.ota_flasher import OTAFlasher
        of = OTAFlasher(fw = file, channel = channel, snr = jlink_snr)
    
        if of.fw_check():
            click.echo("Board already flashed with connectivity firmware.")
        else:
            click.echo("Flashing connectivity firmware...")
            of.fw_flash()
            click.echo("Connectivity firmware flashed.")
    
        of.reset()
        time.sleep(3.0) # A delay to init the OTA Server flashed on the devboard and the CLI inside of it
        of.randomize_eui64()
        of.setup_channel()
    
    @cli.group()
    def zigbee():
        """
        Zigbee-related commands and utilities.
        """
        pass
    
    @zigbee.command(short_help='Generate the Zigbee Production Config hex file.', name='production_config')
    @click.argument('input', required=True, type=click.Path())
    @click.argument('output', required=True, type=click.Path())
    @click.option('--offset',
                  help='Offset at which the Production Config is located',
                  type=BASED_INT_OR_NONE)
    def production_config(input, output, offset):
        """
        Generate the Production config hex file for Zigbee Devices out of YAML-structured description.
        """
        try:
            pc = ProductionConfig(input)
        except ProductionConfigWrongException:
            click.echo("Error: Input YAML file format wrong. Please see the example YAML file in the documentation.")
            return
    
        try:
            if offset is None:
                pc.generate(output)
            else:
                pc.generate(output, offset=offset)
            click.echo("Production Config hexfile generated.")
        except ProductionConfigTooLargeException as e:
            click.echo("Error: Production Config too large: " + str(e.length) + " bytes")
            return
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        cli()
    

    Note that I have not thoroughly tested this, and you may hit some issues. Other features like BLE DFU will also not work with this version.

    Best regards,
    Jørgen

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