how to send uart data over ble with nrf52840 dongle

[Senchoi]

I'm working on pca10059(nRF52840 dongle) to send UART data over bluetooth to another device.

My test environment is,

Arduino Uno to send uart signal using "mySerial.write("Hello World\n");",

pca10059 device that I'm trying to develop to send uart data above to another device over bluetooth,

another pca10059 device to receive the data over bluetooth and send Serial signal to see the data on PC to make sure the "Hello World" travels fine.

(1) I've modified the project in example/ble_peripheral/ble_app_uart to send arbitrary data(series of uint8_t signal) to another dongle and I could see the data in Python IDLE.

(2) I've checked the arduino wiring is correct by testing a project below link.

https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic-q-a/56406/how-to-set-up-a-simple-uart-connection-between-nrf-52840-dongle-and-a-microcontroller-e-g-arduino

I've changed the code (1) a little bit to see if I could send uart to the other dongle. It didn't work.

Most of what I've done is changing the TX RX pin number to suit wiring setup.

What's hard to understand is the project already has uart_event_handle function in the main.c and it uses ble_nus_data_send function just like (1) but it seems it's not responding to uart signal sent from arduino or it's not sending the received uart signal.

uart_init() was also called to activate uart.

Although I couldn't check arduino's uart signal, I'm quite sure (2) project's success in test indicates it's not a problem of connection or arduino code. Correct me if I'm wrong.

[Karl Ylvisaker]

Hello, 

(1) I've modified the project in example/ble_peripheral/ble_app_uart to send arbitrary data(series of uint8_t signal) to another dongle and I could see the data in Python IDLE.

The ble_app_uart example already sends arbitrary (received over UART) uint8_t data to the connected device. Do you mean that you modified it to work with the nRF52840 Dongle (PCA10059)? Did you make any other changes to its functionality?

I've changed the code (1) a little bit to see if I could send uart to the other dongle. It didn't work.

How did you change the code, what functionality were you looking to implement, and what did you observe when it did not work?

Most of what I've done is changing the TX RX pin number to suit wiring setup.

It would be great if you could be explicit here. What changes did you make, and how is your test setup currently wired (a schematic would be very helpful to see)?

What's hard to understand is the project already has uart_event_handle function in the main.c and it uses ble_nus_data_send function just like (1) but it seems it's not responding to uart signal sent from arduino or it's not sending the received uart signal.

Although I couldn't check arduino's uart signal, I'm quite sure (2) project's success in test indicates it's not a problem of connection or arduino code. Correct me if I'm wrong.

Do you receive any indication from your dongle that an UART message has been received? The best way to check this is to have it connected to a logical analyzer, but if you do not have access to one you could also for testing purposes have the dongle loop back the received message. I.e if it receives a UART tranmission, it should send it back again immediately before continuing with its application execution.
It is always scary to assume that a certain operation or codeblock has executed successfully, without actually knowing.
Could you share this part of the code with me, possibly?

On a general note I would highly recommend acquiring and using the nRF52840 Development Kit for development, rather than the dongles. The dongle is a great companion to the DK during development, but a DK is much easier to work with and debug - especially so because of the on-board debugger.
When working with the dongle it is recommended to have a look through the Dongle Programming Tutorial - but since you have already achieved the code modification and functionality in your (1) description, I suppose you know many of these things already.

Looking forward to resolving this issue together!

Best regards,
Karl

[Senchoi]

Fullscreen 0451.main.c Download

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
 *    Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
 *    such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
 *    conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 *    materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *    software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * 4. This software, with or without modification, must only be used with a
 *    Nordic Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit.
 *
 * 5. Any software provided in binary form under this license must not be reverse
 *    engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */
/** @file
 *
 * @defgroup ble_sdk_uart_over_ble_main main.c
 * @{
 * @ingroup  ble_sdk_app_nus_eval
 * @brief    UART over BLE application main file.
 *
 * This file contains the source code for a sample application that uses the Nordic UART service.
 * This application uses the @ref srvlib_conn_params module.
 */


#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_qwr.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "ble_nus.h"
#include "app_uart.h"
#include "app_util_platform.h"
#include "bsp_btn_ble.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"
#include "nrf_drv_saadc.h"
#include "nrf_drv_ppi.h"
#include "nrf_drv_timer.h"
#include "boards.h"
#include "app_error.h"
#include "nrf_delay.h"
#include "app_button.h"


#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"


#if defined (UART_PRESENT)
#include "nrf_uart.h"
#endif
#if defined (UARTE_PRESENT)
#include "nrf_uarte.h"
#endif

#define ADVERTISING_LED                 BSP_BOARD_LED_0                         /**< Is on when device is advertising. */
#define CONNECTED_LED                   BSP_BOARD_LED_1                         /**< Is on when device has connected. */
#define LEDBUTTON_LED                   BSP_BOARD_LED_2                         /**< LED to be toggled with the help of the LED Button Service. */
#define LEDBUTTON_BUTTON                BSP_BUTTON_0                            /**< Button that will trigger the notification event with the LED Button Service */

#define BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY          APP_TIMER_TICKS(50)    
// ۿ  ۻ 
#define SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER 1

#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG            1                                           /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */

#define DEVICE_NAME                     "Nordic_UART"                               /**< Name of device. Will be included in the advertising data. */
#define NUS_SERVICE_UUID_TYPE           BLE_UUID_TYPE_VENDOR_BEGIN                  /**< UUID type for the Nordic UART Service (vendor specific). */

#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO           3                                           /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */

#define APP_ADV_INTERVAL                64                                          /**< The advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms. This value corresponds to 40 ms). */

#define APP_ADV_DURATION                18000                                       /**< The advertising duration (180 seconds) in units of 10 milliseconds. */

#define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(50, UNIT_1_25_MS)             /**< Minimum acceptable connection interval (20 ms), Connection interval uses 1.25 ms units. */
#define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(75, UNIT_1_25_MS)             /**< Maximum acceptable connection interval (75 ms), Connection interval uses 1.25 ms units. */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY                   0                                           /**< Slave latency. */
#define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT                MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS)             /**< Connection supervisory timeout (4 seconds), Supervision Timeout uses 10 ms units. */
#define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY  APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000)                       /**< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (5 seconds). */
#define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY   APP_TIMER_TICKS(30000)                      /**< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (30 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT    3                                           /**< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation. */

#define DEAD_BEEF                       0xDEADBEEF                                  /**< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind. */

#define UART_TX_BUF_SIZE                256                                         /**< UART TX buffer size. */
#define UART_RX_BUF_SIZE                256                                         /**< UART RX buffer size. */

int timer_15ms = 0; // 1sec = 67, 1min = 4000, 10min = 40000
int timer_dir = 1;

BLE_NUS_DEF(m_nus, NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT);                                   /**< BLE NUS service instance. */
NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt);                                                           /**< GATT module instance. */
NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr);                                                             /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/
BLE_ADVERTISING_DEF(m_advertising);                                                 /**< Advertising module instance. */

static uint16_t   m_conn_handle          = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;                 /**< Handle of the current connection. */
static uint16_t   m_ble_nus_max_data_len = BLE_GATT_ATT_MTU_DEFAULT - 3;            /**< Maximum length of data (in bytes) that can be transmitted to the peer by the Nordic UART service module. */
static ble_uuid_t m_adv_uuids[]          =                                          /**< Universally unique service identifier. */
{
    {BLE_UUID_NUS_SERVICE, NUS_SERVICE_UUID_TYPE}
};


volatile uint8_t state = 1;

static const nrf_drv_timer_t m_timer = NRF_DRV_TIMER_INSTANCE(3);
static nrf_saadc_value_t     m_buffer_pool[2][SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER];
static nrf_ppi_channel_t     m_ppi_channel;
static uint32_t              m_adc_evt_counter;
// 
uint32_t map(uint32_t x, uint32_t in_min, uint32_t in_max, uint32_t out_min, uint32_t out_max) 
{
	return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}
// 
uint16_t convert_analog_to_pwm(nrf_saadc_value_t potmeter_value){
    uint16_t pwm_value;
    //  ̻  . ϴ ִġ 1016
    pwm_value = map(potmeter_value, 0, 1016, 0, 254);
    return pwm_value;
}

void timer_handler(nrf_timer_event_t event_type, void * p_context)
{

}

void saadc_sampling_event_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_drv_ppi_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    nrf_drv_timer_config_t timer_cfg = NRF_DRV_TIMER_DEFAULT_CONFIG;
    timer_cfg.bit_width = NRF_TIMER_BIT_WIDTH_32;
    err_code = nrf_drv_timer_init(&m_timer, &timer_cfg, timer_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // 100ms Ÿ̸
    uint32_t ticks = nrf_drv_timer_ms_to_ticks(&m_timer, 15);
    nrf_drv_timer_extended_compare(&m_timer,
                                   NRF_TIMER_CC_CHANNEL0,
                                   ticks,
                                   NRF_TIMER_SHORT_COMPARE0_CLEAR_MASK,
                                   false);
    nrf_drv_timer_enable(&m_timer);
     uint32_t timer_compare_event_addr = nrf_drv_timer_compare_event_address_get(&m_timer,
                                                                                NRF_TIMER_CC_CHANNEL0);
    uint32_t saadc_sample_task_addr   = nrf_drv_saadc_sample_task_get();

    /* setup ppi channel so that timer compare event is triggering sample task in SAADC */
    err_code = nrf_drv_ppi_channel_alloc(&m_ppi_channel);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_drv_ppi_channel_assign(m_ppi_channel,
                                          timer_compare_event_addr,
                                          saadc_sample_task_addr);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

void saadc_sampling_event_enable(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = nrf_drv_ppi_channel_enable(m_ppi_channel);

    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
int testf = 1;
static uint8_t len_format[10] = {200, 100, 67, 50, 40, 33, 29, 25, 22, 20};
static uint8_t wave_form[10][200] = {{72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 84, 89, 90, 86, 76, 72, 72, 72, 72, 104, 141, 178, 184, 147, 110, 73, 64, 54, 60, 69, 72, 72, 72, 77, 87, 94, 99, 100, 98, 93, 85, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72}, 
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 84, 89, 90, 86, 76, 72, 72, 72, 72, 104, 141, 178, 184, 147, 110, 73, 64, 54, 60, 69, 72, 72, 72, 77, 87, 94, 99, 100, 98, 93, 85, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 84, 89, 90, 86, 76, 72, 72, 72, 72, 104, 141, 178, 184, 147, 110, 73, 64, 54, 60, 69, 72, 72, 72, 77, 87, 94, 99, 100, 98, 93, 85, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 86, 90, 81, 72, 72, 72, 122, 178, 165, 110, 68, 54, 64, 72, 72, 77, 90, 99, 99, 93, 80, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 73, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 86, 90, 81, 72, 72, 72, 122, 178, 165, 110, 68, 54, 64, 72, 72, 77, 90, 99, 99, 93, 80, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 73, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72, 72}, 
                                     {72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72}};

static unsigned int count_tic = 0;
void send_triangular_wave(uint8_t noise) {

  srand(time(NULL));
  
  uint8_t value[1];
  

  if (noise < 20) {
    value[0] = wave_form[testf % 10][count_tic % len_format[testf % 10]];
  } else value[0] = wave_form[testf % 10][count_tic % len_format[testf % 10]] + (uint8_t)((rand() % noise) / 10);
  uint16_t bytes = (uint16_t)1;
  ret_code_t err_code = ble_nus_data_send(&m_nus, value, &bytes, m_conn_handle);
  count_tic++;
}
void timer_tic_handler() {
     if (testf == 0) {
    timer_dir = 1;
  } else if (testf == 9) {
    timer_dir = -1;
  }
  count_tic = 0;
  testf += timer_dir;
}
void saadc_callback(nrf_drv_saadc_evt_t const * p_event)
{
    timer_15ms++;
    if (timer_15ms % 40000 == 0) // 40000 = 10min
        timer_tic_handler();
    if (p_event->type == NRF_DRV_SAADC_EVT_DONE)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
        // unsigned ƴϸ   map .
        uint16_t adc_value;
        uint8_t value[SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER];
        uint8_t bytes_to_send;
        
        err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_buffer_convert(p_event->data.done.p_buffer, SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

        int i;
        NRF_LOG_INFO("ADC event number: %d", (int)m_adc_evt_counter);
 
        for (i = 0; i < SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER; i++)
        {
            //  Ͱ ũ ۸ 2  Ʈ    .
            // ׷   value  array .
            adc_value = convert_analog_to_pwm(p_event->data.done.p_buffer[i]);
            value[i] = adc_value;
            //value[(i*2)+1] = adc_value >> 8;
        }
        
        if((SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER) <= 20) {
            bytes_to_send = SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER;
        } else {
            bytes_to_send = 20;
        }
        
        uint16_t bytes = (uint16_t) bytes_to_send;
        //err_code = ble_nus_data_send(&m_nus, value, &bytes, m_conn_handle);
        send_triangular_wave(60);
        if ((m_conn_handle != BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)){
          return NRF_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        m_adc_evt_counter++;
    }
}

void saadc_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    nrf_saadc_channel_config_t channel_config =
        NRF_DRV_SAADC_DEFAULT_CHANNEL_CONFIG_SE(NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN0);

    err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_init(NULL, saadc_callback);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_channel_init(0, &channel_config);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_buffer_convert(m_buffer_pool[0], SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_buffer_convert(m_buffer_pool[1], SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for assert macro callback.
 *
 * @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. Your need to analyse
 *          how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
 * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
 *
 * @param[in] line_num    Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
 * @param[in] p_file_name File name of the failing ASSERT call.
 */
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}

/**@brief Function for initializing the timer module.
 */
static void timers_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = app_timer_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
 *
 * @details This function will set up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of
 *          the device. It also sets the permissions and appearance.
 */
static void gap_params_init(void)
{
    uint32_t                err_code;
    ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
    ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                          (const uint8_t *) DEVICE_NAME,
                                          strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));

    gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
    gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
 *
 * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
 *          application about an error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}

/**@brief Function for handling the data from the Nordic UART Service.
 *
 * @details This function will process the data received from the Nordic UART BLE Service and send
 *          it to the UART module.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt       Nordic UART Service event.
 */
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over BLE] */
static void nus_data_handler(ble_nus_evt_t * p_evt)
{

    if (p_evt->type == BLE_NUS_EVT_RX_DATA)
    {
        uint32_t err_code;

        NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Received data from BLE NUS. Writing data on UART.");
        NRF_LOG_HEXDUMP_DEBUG(p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data, p_evt->params.rx_data.length);

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_evt->params.rx_data.length; i++)
        {
            do
            {
                err_code = app_uart_put(p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data[i]);
                if ((err_code != NRF_SUCCESS) && (err_code != NRF_ERROR_BUSY))
                {
                    NRF_LOG_ERROR("Failed receiving NUS message. Error 0x%x. ", err_code);
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            } while (err_code == NRF_ERROR_BUSY);
        }
        if (p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data[p_evt->params.rx_data.length - 1] == '\r')
        {
            while (app_uart_put('\n') == NRF_ERROR_BUSY);
        }
    }

}

/**@snippet [Handling the data received over BLE] */


/**@brief Function for initializing services that will be used by the application.
 */
static void services_init(void)
{
    uint32_t           err_code;
    ble_nus_init_t     nus_init;
    nrf_ble_qwr_init_t qwr_init = {0};

    // Initialize Queued Write Module.
    qwr_init.error_handler = nrf_qwr_error_handler;

    err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Initialize NUS.
    memset(&nus_init, 0, sizeof(nus_init));

    nus_init.data_handler = nus_data_handler;

    err_code = ble_nus_init(&m_nus, &nus_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for handling an event from the Connection Parameters Module.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all events in the Connection Parameters Module
 *          which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @note All this function does is to disconnect. This could have been done by simply setting
 *       the disconnect_on_fail config parameter, but instead we use the event handler
 *       mechanism to demonstrate its use.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Event received from the Connection Parameters Module.
 */
static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
    {
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}

/**@brief Function for handling errors from the Connection Parameters module.
 *
 * @param[in] nrf_error  Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}

/**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module.
 */
static void conn_params_init(void)
{
    uint32_t               err_code;
    ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;

    memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));

    cp_init.p_conn_params                  = NULL;
    cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay  = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count   = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
    cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle    = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID;
    cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = false;
    cp_init.evt_handler                    = on_conn_params_evt;
    cp_init.error_handler                  = conn_params_error_handler;

    err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for putting the chip into sleep mode.
 *
 * @note This function will not return.
 */
static void sleep_mode_enter(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_IDLE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Prepare wakeup buttons.
    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_sleep_mode_prepare();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Go to system-off mode (this function will not return; wakeup will cause a reset).
    err_code = sd_power_system_off();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling advertising events.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for advertising events which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @param[in] ble_adv_evt  Advertising event.
 */
static void on_adv_evt(ble_adv_evt_t ble_adv_evt)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    switch (ble_adv_evt)
    {
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST:
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_IDLE:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.
 */
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected");
            saadc_sampling_event_enable();
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_CONNECTED);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            m_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected");
            // LED indication will be changed when advertising starts.
            m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
            ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
            {
                .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
            };
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST:
            // Pairing not supported
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_sec_params_reply(m_conn_handle, BLE_GAP_SEC_STATUS_PAIRING_NOT_SUPP, NULL, NULL);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_SYS_ATTR_MISSING:
            // No system attributes have been stored.
            err_code = sd_ble_gatts_sys_attr_set(m_conn_handle, NULL, 0, 0);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for the SoftDevice initialization.
 *
 * @details This function initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupt.
 */
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
    // Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
    uint32_t ram_start = 0;
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Enable BLE stack.
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Register a handler for BLE events.
    NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from the GATT library. */
void gatt_evt_handler(nrf_ble_gatt_t * p_gatt, nrf_ble_gatt_evt_t const * p_evt)
{
    if ((m_conn_handle == p_evt->conn_handle) && (p_evt->evt_id == NRF_BLE_GATT_EVT_ATT_MTU_UPDATED))
    {
        m_ble_nus_max_data_len = p_evt->params.att_mtu_effective - OPCODE_LENGTH - HANDLE_LENGTH;
        NRF_LOG_INFO("Data len is set to 0x%X(%d)", m_ble_nus_max_data_len, m_ble_nus_max_data_len);
    }
    NRF_LOG_DEBUG("ATT MTU exchange completed. central 0x%x peripheral 0x%x",
                  p_gatt->att_mtu_desired_central,
                  p_gatt->att_mtu_desired_periph);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT library. */
void gatt_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, gatt_evt_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_att_mtu_periph_set(&m_gatt, NRF_SDH_BLE_GATT_MAX_MTU_SIZE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from the BSP module.
 *
 * @param[in]   event   Event generated by button press.
 */
void bsp_event_handler(bsp_event_t event)
{
    uint32_t err_code;
    switch (event)
    {
        case BSP_EVENT_SLEEP:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;

        case BSP_EVENT_DISCONNECT:
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
            {
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            break;

        case BSP_EVENT_WHITELIST_OFF:
            if (m_conn_handle == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                err_code = ble_advertising_restart_without_whitelist(&m_advertising);
                if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
                {
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            }
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief   Function for handling app_uart events.
 *
 * @details This function will receive a single character from the app_uart module and append it to
 *          a string. The string will be be sent over BLE when the last character received was a
 *          'new line' '\n' (hex 0x0A) or if the string has reached the maximum data length.
 */
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over UART] */
void uart_event_handle(app_uart_evt_t * p_event)
{
    static uint8_t data_array[BLE_NUS_MAX_DATA_LEN];
    static uint8_t index = 0;
    uint32_t       err_code;

    switch (p_event->evt_type)
    {
        case APP_UART_DATA_READY:
            UNUSED_VARIABLE(app_uart_get(&data_array[index]));
            index++;

            if ((data_array[index - 1] == '\n') ||
                (data_array[index - 1] == '\r') ||
                (index >= m_ble_nus_max_data_len))
            {
                if (index > 1)
                {
                    NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Ready to send data over BLE NUS");
                    NRF_LOG_HEXDUMP_DEBUG(data_array, index);

                    do
                    {
                        uint16_t length = (uint16_t)index;
                        err_code = ble_nus_data_send(&m_nus, data_array, &length, m_conn_handle);
                        if ((err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE) &&
                            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES) &&
                            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_NOT_FOUND))
                        {
                            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                        }
                    } while (err_code == NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES);
                }

                index = 0;
            }
            break;

        case APP_UART_COMMUNICATION_ERROR:
            APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_communication);
            break;

        case APP_UART_FIFO_ERROR:
            APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_code);
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over UART] */


/**@brief  Function for initializing the UART module.
 */
/**@snippet [UART Initialization] */
static void uart_init(void)
{
    uint32_t                     err_code;
    app_uart_comm_params_t const comm_params =
    {
        .rx_pin_no    = 29,
        .tx_pin_no    = 31,
        .rts_pin_no   = UART_PIN_DISCONNECTED,
        .cts_pin_no   = UART_PIN_DISCONNECTED,
        .flow_control = APP_UART_FLOW_CONTROL_DISABLED,
        .use_parity   = false,
#if defined (UART_PRESENT)
        .baud_rate    = NRF_UART_BAUDRATE_115200
#else
        .baud_rate    = NRF_UARTE_BAUDRATE_115200
#endif
    };

    APP_UART_FIFO_INIT(&comm_params,
                       UART_RX_BUF_SIZE,
                       UART_TX_BUF_SIZE,
                       uart_event_handle,
                       APP_IRQ_PRIORITY_LOWEST,
                       err_code);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@snippet [UART Initialization] */


/**@brief Function for initializing the Advertising functionality.
 */
static void advertising_init(void)
{
    uint32_t               err_code;
    ble_advertising_init_t init;

    memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));

    init.advdata.name_type          = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
    init.advdata.include_appearance = false;
    init.advdata.flags              = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_LIMITED_DISC_MODE;

    init.srdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
    init.srdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids  = m_adv_uuids;

    init.config.ble_adv_fast_enabled  = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_interval = APP_ADV_INTERVAL;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_timeout  = APP_ADV_DURATION;
    init.evt_handler = on_adv_evt;

    err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing buttons and leds.
 *
 * @param[out] p_erase_bonds  Will be true if the clear bonding button was pressed to wake the application up.
 */
static void buttons_leds_init(bool * p_erase_bonds)
{
    bsp_event_t startup_event;

    uint32_t err_code = bsp_init(0, bsp_event_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_init(NULL, &startup_event);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    *p_erase_bonds = (startup_event == BSP_EVENT_CLEAR_BONDING_DATA);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the nrf log module.
 */
static void log_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}


/**@brief Function for initializing power management.
 */
static void power_management_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
 *
 * @details If there is no pending log operation, then sleep until next the next event occurs.
 */
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
    if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
    {
        nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
        //NRF_LOG_FLUSH(); Hva gjr denne?
    }
}


/**@brief Function for starting advertising.
 */
static void advertising_start(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}



static void button_event_handler(uint8_t pin_no, uint8_t button_action)
{
  ret_code_t err_code;

  switch(pin_no)
  {
   case ARDUINO_5_PIN:
     if(button_action == APP_BUTTON_PUSH) {
        timer_tic_handler();
        #ifdef UART_PRINTING_ENABLED
        NRF_LOG_INFO("button1 pressed.");
        #endif
     }
     else if(button_action == APP_BUTTON_RELEASE) {
        #ifdef UART_PRINTING_ENABLED
        NRF_LOG_INFO("button1 released.");
        #endif
     }
     break;
     default:
        return; // no implementation needed
  }

}


static const app_button_cfg_t app_buttons[1] = 
{
// BUTTONS_NUMBER,
// BUTTON_PIN,
// BUTTONS_ACTIVE_STATE,
// BUTTON_PULL,
// are all declared in your components/boards/Ppca10056.h file

    {ARDUINO_5_PIN, BUTTONS_ACTIVE_STATE, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler}
}; 

void buttons_init()
{

    ret_code_t  err_code;                        
// BUTTONS_NUMBER  is declared in your components/boards/Ppca10056.h file
    err_code = app_button_init((app_button_cfg_t *)app_buttons, 1, BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = app_button_enable();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

}

/**@brief Application main function.
 */
int main(void)
{
    bool erase_bonds;

    // Initialize.
    log_init();
    uart_init();
    timers_init();
    //buttons_leds_init(&erase_bonds);//Sen: inside this function, bsp_init function's "BSP_INIT_LEDS | BSP_INIT_BUTTONS" parameter has changed to 0
    power_management_init();
    ble_stack_init();
    gap_params_init();
    gatt_init();
    services_init();
    advertising_init();
    conn_params_init();
    //saadc_sampling_event_init();
    //saadc_init();
   
    /**
    * Trenger jeg denne kodeblokken?
    uint32_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();

    ret_code_t ret_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret_code);*/
    
    //NRF_LOG_INFO("SAADC HAL simple example started.");

    // Start execution.
    printf("\r\nUART started.\r\n");
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\r\nUART started.\r\n");
    NRF_LOG_INFO("Debug logging for UART over RTT started.");
    advertising_start();

    buttons_init();
    // Enter main loop.
    for (;;)
    {
        idle_state_handle();
        //nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
        //NRF_LOG_FLUSH();
    }
}

/**
 * @}
 */

Thank you for your reply,

History of this project is pretty long. I don't think I could give you all the details but I'll do my best.

Base of (1) is ble_app_uart/pca10056/s140....emproject file.

Karl Ylvisaker said:

Did you make any other changes to its functionality?

They first transplanted SAADC functions to make it work for something. But I disabled this part in the main function eventually because it's no longer needed

And my mate added send_triangular_wave function to it and this sends uint8_t signal over bluetooth so that I could check with Python IDLE

Also, he changed MIN_CONN_INTERVAL to be 50ms instead of 20ms.

Change I made was, in uart_init function these four parts to suit the wiring,

.rx_pin_no = 29,
.tx_pin_no = 31,
.rts_pin_no = UART_PIN_DISCONNECTED,
.cts_pin_no = UART_PIN_DISCONNECTED,

Karl Ylvisaker said:

what did you observe when it did not work?

Arduino ide's serial monitor prints out dongle's "printf("\r\nUART started.\r\n");" part repetitively once in every half a second. Although the loop doesn't have any delay and there's no setup of half a second in dongle program(main.c file below).

Fullscreen 0451.main.c Download

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
 *    Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
 *    such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
 *    conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 *    materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *    software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * 4. This software, with or without modification, must only be used with a
 *    Nordic Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit.
 *
 * 5. Any software provided in binary form under this license must not be reverse
 *    engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */
/** @file
 *
 * @defgroup ble_sdk_uart_over_ble_main main.c
 * @{
 * @ingroup  ble_sdk_app_nus_eval
 * @brief    UART over BLE application main file.
 *
 * This file contains the source code for a sample application that uses the Nordic UART service.
 * This application uses the @ref srvlib_conn_params module.
 */


#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_qwr.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "ble_nus.h"
#include "app_uart.h"
#include "app_util_platform.h"
#include "bsp_btn_ble.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"
#include "nrf_drv_saadc.h"
#include "nrf_drv_ppi.h"
#include "nrf_drv_timer.h"
#include "boards.h"
#include "app_error.h"
#include "nrf_delay.h"
#include "app_button.h"


#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"


#if defined (UART_PRESENT)
#include "nrf_uart.h"
#endif
#if defined (UARTE_PRESENT)
#include "nrf_uarte.h"
#endif

#define ADVERTISING_LED                 BSP_BOARD_LED_0                         /**< Is on when device is advertising. */
#define CONNECTED_LED                   BSP_BOARD_LED_1                         /**< Is on when device has connected. */
#define LEDBUTTON_LED                   BSP_BOARD_LED_2                         /**< LED to be toggled with the help of the LED Button Service. */
#define LEDBUTTON_BUTTON                BSP_BUTTON_0                            /**< Button that will trigger the notification event with the LED Button Service */

#define BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY          APP_TIMER_TICKS(50)    
// ۿ  ۻ 
#define SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER 1

#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG            1                                           /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */

#define DEVICE_NAME                     "Nordic_UART"                               /**< Name of device. Will be included in the advertising data. */
#define NUS_SERVICE_UUID_TYPE           BLE_UUID_TYPE_VENDOR_BEGIN                  /**< UUID type for the Nordic UART Service (vendor specific). */

#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO           3                                           /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */

#define APP_ADV_INTERVAL                64                                          /**< The advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms. This value corresponds to 40 ms). */

#define APP_ADV_DURATION                18000                                       /**< The advertising duration (180 seconds) in units of 10 milliseconds. */

#define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(50, UNIT_1_25_MS)             /**< Minimum acceptable connection interval (20 ms), Connection interval uses 1.25 ms units. */
#define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(75, UNIT_1_25_MS)             /**< Maximum acceptable connection interval (75 ms), Connection interval uses 1.25 ms units. */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY                   0                                           /**< Slave latency. */
#define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT                MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS)             /**< Connection supervisory timeout (4 seconds), Supervision Timeout uses 10 ms units. */
#define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY  APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000)                       /**< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (5 seconds). */
#define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY   APP_TIMER_TICKS(30000)                      /**< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (30 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT    3                                           /**< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation. */

#define DEAD_BEEF                       0xDEADBEEF                                  /**< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind. */

#define UART_TX_BUF_SIZE                256                                         /**< UART TX buffer size. */
#define UART_RX_BUF_SIZE                256                                         /**< UART RX buffer size. */

int timer_15ms = 0; // 1sec = 67, 1min = 4000, 10min = 40000
int timer_dir = 1;

BLE_NUS_DEF(m_nus, NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT);                                   /**< BLE NUS service instance. */
NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt);                                                           /**< GATT module instance. */
NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr);                                                             /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/
BLE_ADVERTISING_DEF(m_advertising);                                                 /**< Advertising module instance. */

static uint16_t   m_conn_handle          = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;                 /**< Handle of the current connection. */
static uint16_t   m_ble_nus_max_data_len = BLE_GATT_ATT_MTU_DEFAULT - 3;            /**< Maximum length of data (in bytes) that can be transmitted to the peer by the Nordic UART service module. */
static ble_uuid_t m_adv_uuids[]          =                                          /**< Universally unique service identifier. */
{
    {BLE_UUID_NUS_SERVICE, NUS_SERVICE_UUID_TYPE}
};


volatile uint8_t state = 1;

static const nrf_drv_timer_t m_timer = NRF_DRV_TIMER_INSTANCE(3);
static nrf_saadc_value_t     m_buffer_pool[2][SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER];
static nrf_ppi_channel_t     m_ppi_channel;
static uint32_t              m_adc_evt_counter;
// 
uint32_t map(uint32_t x, uint32_t in_min, uint32_t in_max, uint32_t out_min, uint32_t out_max) 
{
	return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}
// 
uint16_t convert_analog_to_pwm(nrf_saadc_value_t potmeter_value){
    uint16_t pwm_value;
    //  ̻  . ϴ ִġ 1016
    pwm_value = map(potmeter_value, 0, 1016, 0, 254);
    return pwm_value;
}

void timer_handler(nrf_timer_event_t event_type, void * p_context)
{

}

void saadc_sampling_event_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_drv_ppi_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    nrf_drv_timer_config_t timer_cfg = NRF_DRV_TIMER_DEFAULT_CONFIG;
    timer_cfg.bit_width = NRF_TIMER_BIT_WIDTH_32;
    err_code = nrf_drv_timer_init(&m_timer, &timer_cfg, timer_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // 100ms Ÿ̸
    uint32_t ticks = nrf_drv_timer_ms_to_ticks(&m_timer, 15);
    nrf_drv_timer_extended_compare(&m_timer,
                                   NRF_TIMER_CC_CHANNEL0,
                                   ticks,
                                   NRF_TIMER_SHORT_COMPARE0_CLEAR_MASK,
                                   false);
    nrf_drv_timer_enable(&m_timer);
     uint32_t timer_compare_event_addr = nrf_drv_timer_compare_event_address_get(&m_timer,
                                                                                NRF_TIMER_CC_CHANNEL0);
    uint32_t saadc_sample_task_addr   = nrf_drv_saadc_sample_task_get();

    /* setup ppi channel so that timer compare event is triggering sample task in SAADC */
    err_code = nrf_drv_ppi_channel_alloc(&m_ppi_channel);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_drv_ppi_channel_assign(m_ppi_channel,
                                          timer_compare_event_addr,
                                          saadc_sample_task_addr);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

void saadc_sampling_event_enable(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = nrf_drv_ppi_channel_enable(m_ppi_channel);

    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
int testf = 1;
static uint8_t len_format[10] = {200, 100, 67, 50, 40, 33, 29, 25, 22, 20};
static uint8_t wave_form[10][200] = {{72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 84, 89, 90, 86, 76, 72, 72, 72, 72, 104, 141, 178, 184, 147, 110, 73, 64, 54, 60, 69, 72, 72, 72, 77, 87, 94, 99, 100, 98, 93, 85, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72}, 
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 84, 89, 90, 86, 76, 72, 72, 72, 72, 104, 141, 178, 184, 147, 110, 73, 64, 54, 60, 69, 72, 72, 72, 77, 87, 94, 99, 100, 98, 93, 85, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 84, 89, 90, 86, 76, 72, 72, 72, 72, 104, 141, 178, 184, 147, 110, 73, 64, 54, 60, 69, 72, 72, 72, 77, 87, 94, 99, 100, 98, 93, 85, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 75, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 86, 90, 81, 72, 72, 72, 122, 178, 165, 110, 68, 54, 64, 72, 72, 77, 90, 99, 99, 93, 80, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 73, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 86, 90, 81, 72, 72, 72, 122, 178, 165, 110, 68, 54, 64, 72, 72, 77, 90, 99, 99, 93, 80, 72, 72, 72, 72, 74, 73, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72, 72, 72, 72},
                                     {72, 72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72, 72}, 
                                     {72, 72, 84, 90, 76, 72, 141, 184, 110, 64, 60, 72, 87, 99, 98, 85, 72, 72, 74, 72}};

static unsigned int count_tic = 0;
void send_triangular_wave(uint8_t noise) {

  srand(time(NULL));
  
  uint8_t value[1];
  

  if (noise < 20) {
    value[0] = wave_form[testf % 10][count_tic % len_format[testf % 10]];
  } else value[0] = wave_form[testf % 10][count_tic % len_format[testf % 10]] + (uint8_t)((rand() % noise) / 10);
  uint16_t bytes = (uint16_t)1;
  ret_code_t err_code = ble_nus_data_send(&m_nus, value, &bytes, m_conn_handle);
  count_tic++;
}
void timer_tic_handler() {
     if (testf == 0) {
    timer_dir = 1;
  } else if (testf == 9) {
    timer_dir = -1;
  }
  count_tic = 0;
  testf += timer_dir;
}
void saadc_callback(nrf_drv_saadc_evt_t const * p_event)
{
    timer_15ms++;
    if (timer_15ms % 40000 == 0) // 40000 = 10min
        timer_tic_handler();
    if (p_event->type == NRF_DRV_SAADC_EVT_DONE)
    {
        ret_code_t err_code;
        // unsigned ƴϸ   map .
        uint16_t adc_value;
        uint8_t value[SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER];
        uint8_t bytes_to_send;
        
        err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_buffer_convert(p_event->data.done.p_buffer, SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

        int i;
        NRF_LOG_INFO("ADC event number: %d", (int)m_adc_evt_counter);
 
        for (i = 0; i < SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER; i++)
        {
            //  Ͱ ũ ۸ 2  Ʈ    .
            // ׷   value  array .
            adc_value = convert_analog_to_pwm(p_event->data.done.p_buffer[i]);
            value[i] = adc_value;
            //value[(i*2)+1] = adc_value >> 8;
        }
        
        if((SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER) <= 20) {
            bytes_to_send = SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER;
        } else {
            bytes_to_send = 20;
        }
        
        uint16_t bytes = (uint16_t) bytes_to_send;
        //err_code = ble_nus_data_send(&m_nus, value, &bytes, m_conn_handle);
        send_triangular_wave(60);
        if ((m_conn_handle != BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)){
          return NRF_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        m_adc_evt_counter++;
    }
}

void saadc_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    nrf_saadc_channel_config_t channel_config =
        NRF_DRV_SAADC_DEFAULT_CHANNEL_CONFIG_SE(NRF_SAADC_INPUT_AIN0);

    err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_init(NULL, saadc_callback);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_channel_init(0, &channel_config);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_buffer_convert(m_buffer_pool[0], SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_drv_saadc_buffer_convert(m_buffer_pool[1], SAMPLES_IN_BUFFER);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for assert macro callback.
 *
 * @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. Your need to analyse
 *          how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
 * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
 *
 * @param[in] line_num    Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
 * @param[in] p_file_name File name of the failing ASSERT call.
 */
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}

/**@brief Function for initializing the timer module.
 */
static void timers_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = app_timer_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
 *
 * @details This function will set up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of
 *          the device. It also sets the permissions and appearance.
 */
static void gap_params_init(void)
{
    uint32_t                err_code;
    ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
    ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                          (const uint8_t *) DEVICE_NAME,
                                          strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));

    gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
    gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
 *
 * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
 *          application about an error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}

/**@brief Function for handling the data from the Nordic UART Service.
 *
 * @details This function will process the data received from the Nordic UART BLE Service and send
 *          it to the UART module.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt       Nordic UART Service event.
 */
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over BLE] */
static void nus_data_handler(ble_nus_evt_t * p_evt)
{

    if (p_evt->type == BLE_NUS_EVT_RX_DATA)
    {
        uint32_t err_code;

        NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Received data from BLE NUS. Writing data on UART.");
        NRF_LOG_HEXDUMP_DEBUG(p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data, p_evt->params.rx_data.length);

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_evt->params.rx_data.length; i++)
        {
            do
            {
                err_code = app_uart_put(p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data[i]);
                if ((err_code != NRF_SUCCESS) && (err_code != NRF_ERROR_BUSY))
                {
                    NRF_LOG_ERROR("Failed receiving NUS message. Error 0x%x. ", err_code);
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            } while (err_code == NRF_ERROR_BUSY);
        }
        if (p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data[p_evt->params.rx_data.length - 1] == '\r')
        {
            while (app_uart_put('\n') == NRF_ERROR_BUSY);
        }
    }

}

/**@snippet [Handling the data received over BLE] */


/**@brief Function for initializing services that will be used by the application.
 */
static void services_init(void)
{
    uint32_t           err_code;
    ble_nus_init_t     nus_init;
    nrf_ble_qwr_init_t qwr_init = {0};

    // Initialize Queued Write Module.
    qwr_init.error_handler = nrf_qwr_error_handler;

    err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Initialize NUS.
    memset(&nus_init, 0, sizeof(nus_init));

    nus_init.data_handler = nus_data_handler;

    err_code = ble_nus_init(&m_nus, &nus_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for handling an event from the Connection Parameters Module.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all events in the Connection Parameters Module
 *          which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @note All this function does is to disconnect. This could have been done by simply setting
 *       the disconnect_on_fail config parameter, but instead we use the event handler
 *       mechanism to demonstrate its use.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Event received from the Connection Parameters Module.
 */
static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
    {
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}

/**@brief Function for handling errors from the Connection Parameters module.
 *
 * @param[in] nrf_error  Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}

/**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module.
 */
static void conn_params_init(void)
{
    uint32_t               err_code;
    ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;

    memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));

    cp_init.p_conn_params                  = NULL;
    cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay  = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count   = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
    cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle    = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID;
    cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = false;
    cp_init.evt_handler                    = on_conn_params_evt;
    cp_init.error_handler                  = conn_params_error_handler;

    err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for putting the chip into sleep mode.
 *
 * @note This function will not return.
 */
static void sleep_mode_enter(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_IDLE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Prepare wakeup buttons.
    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_sleep_mode_prepare();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Go to system-off mode (this function will not return; wakeup will cause a reset).
    err_code = sd_power_system_off();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling advertising events.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for advertising events which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @param[in] ble_adv_evt  Advertising event.
 */
static void on_adv_evt(ble_adv_evt_t ble_adv_evt)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    switch (ble_adv_evt)
    {
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST:
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_IDLE:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.
 */
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected");
            saadc_sampling_event_enable();
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_CONNECTED);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            m_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected");
            // LED indication will be changed when advertising starts.
            m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
            ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
            {
                .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
            };
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST:
            // Pairing not supported
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_sec_params_reply(m_conn_handle, BLE_GAP_SEC_STATUS_PAIRING_NOT_SUPP, NULL, NULL);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_SYS_ATTR_MISSING:
            // No system attributes have been stored.
            err_code = sd_ble_gatts_sys_attr_set(m_conn_handle, NULL, 0, 0);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for the SoftDevice initialization.
 *
 * @details This function initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupt.
 */
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
    // Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
    uint32_t ram_start = 0;
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Enable BLE stack.
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Register a handler for BLE events.
    NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from the GATT library. */
void gatt_evt_handler(nrf_ble_gatt_t * p_gatt, nrf_ble_gatt_evt_t const * p_evt)
{
    if ((m_conn_handle == p_evt->conn_handle) && (p_evt->evt_id == NRF_BLE_GATT_EVT_ATT_MTU_UPDATED))
    {
        m_ble_nus_max_data_len = p_evt->params.att_mtu_effective - OPCODE_LENGTH - HANDLE_LENGTH;
        NRF_LOG_INFO("Data len is set to 0x%X(%d)", m_ble_nus_max_data_len, m_ble_nus_max_data_len);
    }
    NRF_LOG_DEBUG("ATT MTU exchange completed. central 0x%x peripheral 0x%x",
                  p_gatt->att_mtu_desired_central,
                  p_gatt->att_mtu_desired_periph);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT library. */
void gatt_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, gatt_evt_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_att_mtu_periph_set(&m_gatt, NRF_SDH_BLE_GATT_MAX_MTU_SIZE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from the BSP module.
 *
 * @param[in]   event   Event generated by button press.
 */
void bsp_event_handler(bsp_event_t event)
{
    uint32_t err_code;
    switch (event)
    {
        case BSP_EVENT_SLEEP:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;

        case BSP_EVENT_DISCONNECT:
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
            {
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            break;

        case BSP_EVENT_WHITELIST_OFF:
            if (m_conn_handle == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                err_code = ble_advertising_restart_without_whitelist(&m_advertising);
                if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
                {
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            }
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief   Function for handling app_uart events.
 *
 * @details This function will receive a single character from the app_uart module and append it to
 *          a string. The string will be be sent over BLE when the last character received was a
 *          'new line' '\n' (hex 0x0A) or if the string has reached the maximum data length.
 */
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over UART] */
void uart_event_handle(app_uart_evt_t * p_event)
{
    static uint8_t data_array[BLE_NUS_MAX_DATA_LEN];
    static uint8_t index = 0;
    uint32_t       err_code;

    switch (p_event->evt_type)
    {
        case APP_UART_DATA_READY:
            UNUSED_VARIABLE(app_uart_get(&data_array[index]));
            index++;

            if ((data_array[index - 1] == '\n') ||
                (data_array[index - 1] == '\r') ||
                (index >= m_ble_nus_max_data_len))
            {
                if (index > 1)
                {
                    NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Ready to send data over BLE NUS");
                    NRF_LOG_HEXDUMP_DEBUG(data_array, index);

                    do
                    {
                        uint16_t length = (uint16_t)index;
                        err_code = ble_nus_data_send(&m_nus, data_array, &length, m_conn_handle);
                        if ((err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE) &&
                            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES) &&
                            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_NOT_FOUND))
                        {
                            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                        }
                    } while (err_code == NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES);
                }

                index = 0;
            }
            break;

        case APP_UART_COMMUNICATION_ERROR:
            APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_communication);
            break;

        case APP_UART_FIFO_ERROR:
            APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_code);
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over UART] */


/**@brief  Function for initializing the UART module.
 */
/**@snippet [UART Initialization] */
static void uart_init(void)
{
    uint32_t                     err_code;
    app_uart_comm_params_t const comm_params =
    {
        .rx_pin_no    = 29,
        .tx_pin_no    = 31,
        .rts_pin_no   = UART_PIN_DISCONNECTED,
        .cts_pin_no   = UART_PIN_DISCONNECTED,
        .flow_control = APP_UART_FLOW_CONTROL_DISABLED,
        .use_parity   = false,
#if defined (UART_PRESENT)
        .baud_rate    = NRF_UART_BAUDRATE_115200
#else
        .baud_rate    = NRF_UARTE_BAUDRATE_115200
#endif
    };

    APP_UART_FIFO_INIT(&comm_params,
                       UART_RX_BUF_SIZE,
                       UART_TX_BUF_SIZE,
                       uart_event_handle,
                       APP_IRQ_PRIORITY_LOWEST,
                       err_code);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@snippet [UART Initialization] */


/**@brief Function for initializing the Advertising functionality.
 */
static void advertising_init(void)
{
    uint32_t               err_code;
    ble_advertising_init_t init;

    memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));

    init.advdata.name_type          = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
    init.advdata.include_appearance = false;
    init.advdata.flags              = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_LIMITED_DISC_MODE;

    init.srdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
    init.srdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids  = m_adv_uuids;

    init.config.ble_adv_fast_enabled  = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_interval = APP_ADV_INTERVAL;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_timeout  = APP_ADV_DURATION;
    init.evt_handler = on_adv_evt;

    err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing buttons and leds.
 *
 * @param[out] p_erase_bonds  Will be true if the clear bonding button was pressed to wake the application up.
 */
static void buttons_leds_init(bool * p_erase_bonds)
{
    bsp_event_t startup_event;

    uint32_t err_code = bsp_init(0, bsp_event_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_init(NULL, &startup_event);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    *p_erase_bonds = (startup_event == BSP_EVENT_CLEAR_BONDING_DATA);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the nrf log module.
 */
static void log_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}


/**@brief Function for initializing power management.
 */
static void power_management_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
 *
 * @details If there is no pending log operation, then sleep until next the next event occurs.
 */
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
    if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
    {
        nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
        //NRF_LOG_FLUSH(); Hva gjr denne?
    }
}


/**@brief Function for starting advertising.
 */
static void advertising_start(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}



static void button_event_handler(uint8_t pin_no, uint8_t button_action)
{
  ret_code_t err_code;

  switch(pin_no)
  {
   case ARDUINO_5_PIN:
     if(button_action == APP_BUTTON_PUSH) {
        timer_tic_handler();
        #ifdef UART_PRINTING_ENABLED
        NRF_LOG_INFO("button1 pressed.");
        #endif
     }
     else if(button_action == APP_BUTTON_RELEASE) {
        #ifdef UART_PRINTING_ENABLED
        NRF_LOG_INFO("button1 released.");
        #endif
     }
     break;
     default:
        return; // no implementation needed
  }

}


static const app_button_cfg_t app_buttons[1] = 
{
// BUTTONS_NUMBER,
// BUTTON_PIN,
// BUTTONS_ACTIVE_STATE,
// BUTTON_PULL,
// are all declared in your components/boards/Ppca10056.h file

    {ARDUINO_5_PIN, BUTTONS_ACTIVE_STATE, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler}
}; 

void buttons_init()
{

    ret_code_t  err_code;                        
// BUTTONS_NUMBER  is declared in your components/boards/Ppca10056.h file
    err_code = app_button_init((app_button_cfg_t *)app_buttons, 1, BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = app_button_enable();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

}

/**@brief Application main function.
 */
int main(void)
{
    bool erase_bonds;

    // Initialize.
    log_init();
    uart_init();
    timers_init();
    //buttons_leds_init(&erase_bonds);//Sen: inside this function, bsp_init function's "BSP_INIT_LEDS | BSP_INIT_BUTTONS" parameter has changed to 0
    power_management_init();
    ble_stack_init();
    gap_params_init();
    gatt_init();
    services_init();
    advertising_init();
    conn_params_init();
    //saadc_sampling_event_init();
    //saadc_init();
   
    /**
    * Trenger jeg denne kodeblokken?
    uint32_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();

    ret_code_t ret_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret_code);*/
    
    //NRF_LOG_INFO("SAADC HAL simple example started.");

    // Start execution.
    printf("\r\nUART started.\r\n");
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\r\nUART started.\r\n");
    NRF_LOG_INFO("Debug logging for UART over RTT started.");
    advertising_start();

    buttons_init();
    // Enter main loop.
    for (;;)
    {
        idle_state_handle();
        //nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
        //NRF_LOG_FLUSH();
    }
}

/**
 * @}
 */

When I check Python IDLE the python code prints out data after set timeout which is 0s instead of "hello world".

Karl Ylvisaker said:

a schematic would be very helpful to see

I find it a little difficult to draw everything and the setup is not so complicated so I'll use words.

Arduino GND connected to dongle GND

Arduino 3.3v connected to dongle VDD OUT

Arduino digital pin 2(RX) connected to dongle 0.31

Arduino digital pin 3(TX) connected to dongle 0.29

Karl Ylvisaker said:

Do you receive any indication from your dongle that an UART message has been received? The best way to check this is to have it connected to a logical analyzer, but if you do not have access to one you could also for testing purposes have the dongle loop back the received message. I.e if it receives a UART tranmission, it should send it back again immediately before continuing with its application execution.

I haven't found such indication. Unfortunately all I have is two dongles and this arduino kit.

When I used app_uart_get function to receive numbers and sent it right back it just printed out 0. I had sent 111 on the other hand.

[Karl Ylvisaker]

Hello,

Senchoi said:

Thank you for your reply,

No problem at all, I am happy to help!

Thank you for elaborating - this is very helpful for me to understand your project and issue better.

Senchoi said:

Arduino ide's serial monitor prints out dongle's "printf("\r\nUART started.\r\n");" part repetitively once in every half a second. Although the loop doesn't have any delay and there's no setup of half a second in dongle program(main.c file below).

This might be caused by a non-NRF_SUCCESS error code being passed to an APP_ERROR_CHECK.
Since you only have 1 UART hardware interface, and you are using it in your application, it makes us unable to get the debug information from the logger directly.
So instead, we will have to implement something more than the default error-handling, to root out what this issue is.
Alternatively, you could take a look at Jimmy's comment in this ticket where he describes how to get the logger information output over USB - this would be very useful to have during development.

Senchoi said:

When I check Python IDLE the python code prints out data after set timeout which is 0s instead of "hello world".

I don't fully understand what you mean by this sentence. The python code is made to print something on the serial terminal after a timeout of 0s...? Please elaborate on this.

Senchoi said:

I haven't found such indication. Unfortunately all I have is two dongles and this arduino kit.

It is all right, then we will have to make due with these, no problem.

Senchoi said:

When I used app_uart_get function to receive numbers and sent it right back it just printed out 0. I had sent 111 on the other hand.

This is an interesting find that indicates that that the UART data is not processed correctly.
Could you show me the specific code you used for this test?

On a general note I notice that you have a lot of commented out code in your project source code.
I strongly recommend that you move these out of your working document, since this greatly reduced readability and clutters up your IDE. If you have code that you think might be useful later, I suggest moving it to another document for storage, rather than keeping it commented out in the source code.

Looking forward to resolving this issue together!

Best regards,
Karl

[Senchoi]

Karl Ylvisaker said:

I don't fully understand what you mean by this sentence. The python code is made to print something on the serial terminal after a timeout of 0s...? Please elaborate on this.

That's just how "the other" dongle is programmed. "the other" dongle listens ble signal and sends Serial signal to the computer. When python reads the other dongle and there's no data, it prints out 0 after timeout period that is set in Python code. It will print something other than 0 before timeout when "the other" dongle reads something.

Karl Ylvisaker said:

This is an interesting find that indicates that that the UART data is not processed correctly.
Could you show me the specific code you used for this test?

Arduino code looks like this

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3); // RX, TX

void setup()
{
  // Open serial communications and wait for port to open:
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Native USB only
  }


  Serial.println("Goodnight moon!");

  // set the data rate for the SoftwareSerial port
  mySerial.begin(115200);
  mySerial.println("Hello, world?");
}

void loop() // run over and over
{
  if (mySerial.available())
    Serial.write(mySerial.read());
  if (Serial.available())
    mySerial.write(111);
  //delay(500);
}

testing part in the dongle is below code in the main function out of loop.

uint8_t data;
app_uart_get(&data);
print("%u received", data);

But it seems idle_state_handle() in the for loop constantly turns the dongle on and off for power management since "0 received" prints out about every half a second when the dongle is connected to Arduino.

[Senchoi]

There's a typo in the code in this part.

Senchoi said:

testing part in the dongle is below code

uint8_t data;
app_uart_get(&data);
printf("%u received", data);

I left out "f" from printf function. My apologies.