Buttonless DFU without peer manager

[Sophisti]

Hello all,

I am merging the buttonless DFU example with my application for nRF52805.

Everything is well, but I am running out of flash. I am therefore trying to reduce NRF_DFU_APP_DATA_AREA_SIZE from 8192 to 4096 in my bootloader, which works. I can do OTA upgrades, but not store any application data by FDS. 

As I don't need any bonding, I supposed it would be fine to disable the peer manager, I delete all related code in the application and made sure NRF_DFU_BLE_BUTTONLESS_SUPPORTS_BONDS is set to 0.
This does reduce the package size by a lot, and I can flash this firmware OTA once after flashing the bootloader. When I try to update firmware again by the buttonless DFU service, I can connect, open the DFU menu in nRF connect and select my application, but when I try to upload this it gets stuck at initializing and disconnects after a while with a Gatt timeout.

Is it possible to use the buttonless DFU service without peer manager? (or is this even a good idea)
Are there any other ways to reduce application size? I already tried disabling logging and minimize the amount of libraries included.

[Einar Thorsrud]

Hi,

There is no requirement on bonding or the peer manager for doing buttonless DFU, but it could be that some other issue was introduces while you made this change? There is also a subtle difference, that when not using bonding in the bootloader, the nRF will increment the bluetooth address by 1 when in DFU mode in oder to make it appear like a different device for the phone and make it do service discovery. So the phone app needs to look for the new address when trying to connect to the nRF after it has entered DFU mode. This is handled by default by our example applications (nRF Connect and nRFToolbox), and so this should not be the problem either as you write that you use nRF Connect.

If you don't make any progress, perhaps you can upload the full log from nRF Connect? Also, if you are able to fit the debug bootloader with RTT logging that could be interesting as well (that might be difficult though as it is larger and your device is flash constrained).

Regarding other ways to reduce size, you should make sure to configure your compiler to optimize for size, and remove any unused components (like the peer manager, but also if you have others).

[Sophisti]

Hi Einar,

Thanks for your reply.

The debug version cannot be used in combination with the buttonless DFU service as described here:
https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.nordic.infocenter.sdk5.v15.2.0%2Fble_sdk_app_buttonless_dfu.html

I added a log of my nRF connect for desktop activity.
Here I first connect to the device after programming the bootloader. Device name is changed from dfutarg to "Qing DFU"
Then the application named "bma_dfu_no_pm_package.zip" is uploaded. This all goes well.
The device resets and appears as expected as "Qing dice". I can connect to it and open the DFU menu again.
When trying to upload the same package again it is stuck at initializing for some time, and disconnects after getting a Gatt timeout.

I tried removing logging, but this does not decrease the package size enough. I don't know what other components to exclude.

I also included the main and sdk_config files of the application and bootloader.

 2022-08-04T14_32_25.240Z-log.txt

0827.sdk_config_bootloader.h

4150.sdk_config_application.h

Fullscreen main_bootloader.c Download

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2016 - 2021, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
 *    Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
 *    such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
 *    conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 *    materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *    software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * 4. This software, with or without modification, must only be used with a
 *    Nordic Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit.
 *
 * 5. Any software provided in binary form under this license must not be reverse
 *    engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */
/** @file
 *
 * @defgroup bootloader_secure_ble main.c
 * @{
 * @ingroup dfu_bootloader_api
 * @brief Bootloader project main file for secure DFU.
 *
 */

#include <stdint.h>
#include "boards.h"
#include "nrf_mbr.h"
#include "nrf_bootloader.h"
#include "nrf_bootloader_app_start.h"
#include "nrf_bootloader_dfu_timers.h"
#include "nrf_dfu.h"
#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"
#include "app_error.h"
#include "app_error_weak.h"
#include "nrf_bootloader_info.h"
#include "nrf_delay.h"

static void on_error(void)
{
    NRF_LOG_FINAL_FLUSH();

#if NRF_MODULE_ENABLED(NRF_LOG_BACKEND_RTT)
    // To allow the buffer to be flushed by the host.
    nrf_delay_ms(100);
#endif
#ifdef NRF_DFU_DEBUG_VERSION
    NRF_BREAKPOINT_COND;
#endif
    NVIC_SystemReset();
}


void app_error_handler(uint32_t error_code, uint32_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    NRF_LOG_ERROR("%s:%d", p_file_name, line_num);
    on_error();
}


void app_error_fault_handler(uint32_t id, uint32_t pc, uint32_t info)
{
    NRF_LOG_ERROR("Received a fault! id: 0x%08x, pc: 0x%08x, info: 0x%08x", id, pc, info);
    on_error();
}


void app_error_handler_bare(uint32_t error_code)
{
    NRF_LOG_ERROR("Received an error: 0x%08x!", error_code);
    on_error();
}

/**
 * @brief Function notifies certain events in DFU process.
 */
static void dfu_observer(nrf_dfu_evt_type_t evt_type)
{
    switch (evt_type)
    {
        case NRF_DFU_EVT_DFU_FAILED:
        case NRF_DFU_EVT_DFU_ABORTED:
        case NRF_DFU_EVT_DFU_INITIALIZED:
            //bsp_board_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS);
            //bsp_board_led_on(BSP_BOARD_LED_0);
            //bsp_board_led_on(BSP_BOARD_LED_1);
            //bsp_board_led_off(BSP_BOARD_LED_2);
            //break;
        case NRF_DFU_EVT_TRANSPORT_ACTIVATED:
            //bsp_board_led_off(BSP_BOARD_LED_1);
            //bsp_board_led_on(BSP_BOARD_LED_2);
            //break;
        case NRF_DFU_EVT_DFU_STARTED:
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for application main entry. */
int main(void)
{
    uint32_t ret_val;

    // Must happen before flash protection is applied, since it edits a protected page.
    nrf_bootloader_mbr_addrs_populate();

    // Protect MBR and bootloader code from being overwritten.
    ret_val = nrf_bootloader_flash_protect(0, MBR_SIZE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret_val);
    ret_val = nrf_bootloader_flash_protect(BOOTLOADER_START_ADDR, BOOTLOADER_SIZE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret_val);

    (void) NRF_LOG_INIT(nrf_bootloader_dfu_timer_counter_get);
    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Inside main");

    ret_val = nrf_bootloader_init(dfu_observer);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret_val);

    NRF_LOG_FLUSH();

    NRF_LOG_ERROR("After main, should never be reached.");
    NRF_LOG_FLUSH();

    APP_ERROR_CHECK_BOOL(false);
}

/**
 * @}
 */

Fullscreen main_application.c Download

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2021, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
 *    Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
 *    such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
 *    conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
 *    materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
 *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
 *    software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * 4. This software, with or without modification, must only be used with a
 *    Nordic Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit.
 *
 * 5. Any software provided in binary form under this license must not be reverse
 *    engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */
/** @example examples/ble_peripheral/ble_app_buttonless_dfu
 *
 * @brief Secure DFU Buttonless Service Application main file.
 *
 * This file contains the source code for a sample application using the proprietary
 * Secure DFU Buttonless Service. This is a template application that can be modified
 * to your needs. To extend the functionality of this application, please find
 * locations where the comment "// YOUR_JOB:" is present and read the comments.
 */

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "nrf_dfu_ble_svci_bond_sharing.h"
#include "nrf_svci_async_function.h"
#include "nrf_svci_async_handler.h"

#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf.h"
#include "app_error.h"
#include "ble.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_srv_common.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
//#include "peer_manager.h"
//#include "peer_manager_handler.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_state.h"
#include "ble_dfu.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_qwr.h"
#include "fds.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"
#include "nrf_drv_clock.h"
#include "nrf_power.h"
#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"
#include "nrf_bootloader_info.h"
#include "nrf_drv_gpiote.h"
#include "bma400.h"
#include "bma400_twi.h"
#include "nrf_drv_twi.h"

#define INT_1_PIN                       20                                      /**< GPIO connected to INT1 pin from BMA400. for QING pcb: 20 , for BLEremote (testing only): 12 */

#define DEVICE_NAME                     "Qing dice"                             /**< Name of device. Will be included in the advertising data. */
#define MANUFACTURER_NAME               "Sophisti"                              /**< Manufacturer. Will be passed to Device Information Service. */
#define APP_ADV_INTERVAL                350                                     /**< The advertising interval in ms*/
#define APP_ADV_NUM                     3                                       /**< Number of advertisements.*/

//3x adv. 350ms interval
#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO           3                                           /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */
#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG            1                                           /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */

#define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(100, UNIT_1_25_MS)            /**< Minimum acceptable connection interval (0.1 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(200, UNIT_1_25_MS)            /**< Maximum acceptable connection interval (0.2 second). */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY                   0                                           /**< Slave latency. */
#define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT                MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS)             /**< Connection supervisory timeout (4 seconds). */

#define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY  APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000)                       /**< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (5 seconds). */
#define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY   APP_TIMER_TICKS(30000)                      /**< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (30 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT    3                                           /**< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation. */

#define SEC_PARAM_BOND                  1                                           /**< Perform bonding. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MITM                  0                                           /**< Man In The Middle protection not required. */
#define SEC_PARAM_LESC                  0                                           /**< LE Secure Connections not enabled. */
#define SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS              0                                           /**< Keypress notifications not enabled. */
#define SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES       BLE_GAP_IO_CAPS_NONE                        /**< No I/O capabilities. */
#define SEC_PARAM_OOB                   0                                           /**< Out Of Band data not available. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE          7                                           /**< Minimum encryption key size. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE          16                                          /**< Maximum encryption key size. */

#define DEAD_BEEF                       0xDEADBEEF                                  /**< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind. */


NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt);                                                           /**< GATT module instance. */
NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr);                                                             /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/
BLE_ADVERTISING_DEF(m_advertising);                                                 /**< Advertising module instance. */

static uint16_t m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;                            /**< Handle of the current connection. */
static void advertising_start(bool erase_bonds);                                    /**< Forward declaration of advertising start function */
uint8_t steps = 0;


// YOUR_JOB: Use UUIDs for service(s) used in your application.
static ble_uuid_t m_adv_uuids[] = {{BLE_UUID_DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE, BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE}};

/**@brief Handler for shutdown preparation.
 *
 * @details During shutdown procedures, this function will be called at a 1 second interval
 *          untill the function returns true. When the function returns true, it means that the
 *          app is ready to reset to DFU mode.
 *
 * @param[in]   event   Power manager event.
 *
 * @retval  True if shutdown is allowed by this power manager handler, otherwise false.
 */
static bool app_shutdown_handler(nrf_pwr_mgmt_evt_t event)
{
    switch (event)
    {
        case NRF_PWR_MGMT_EVT_PREPARE_DFU:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Power management wants to reset to DFU mode.");
            // YOUR_JOB: Get ready to reset into DFU mode
            //
            // If you aren't finished with any ongoing tasks, return "false" to
            // signal to the system that reset is impossible at this stage.
            //
            // Here is an example using a variable to delay resetting the device.
            //
            // if (!m_ready_for_reset)
            // {
            //      return false;
            // }
            // else
            //{
            //
            //    // Device ready to enter
            //    uint32_t err_code;
            //    err_code = sd_softdevice_disable();
            //    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            //    err_code = app_timer_stop_all();
            //    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            //}
            break;

        default:
            // YOUR_JOB: Implement any of the other events available from the power management module:
            //      -NRF_PWR_MGMT_EVT_PREPARE_SYSOFF
            //      -NRF_PWR_MGMT_EVT_PREPARE_WAKEUP
            //      -NRF_PWR_MGMT_EVT_PREPARE_RESET
            return true;
    }

    //NRF_LOG_INFO("Power management allowed to reset to DFU mode.");
    return true;
}

//lint -esym(528, m_app_shutdown_handler)
/**@brief Register application shutdown handler with priority 0.
 */
NRF_PWR_MGMT_HANDLER_REGISTER(app_shutdown_handler, 0);


static void buttonless_dfu_sdh_state_observer(nrf_sdh_state_evt_t state, void * p_context)
{
    if (state == NRF_SDH_EVT_STATE_DISABLED)
    {
        // Softdevice was disabled before going into reset. Inform bootloader to skip CRC on next boot.
        nrf_power_gpregret2_set(BOOTLOADER_DFU_SKIP_CRC);

        //Go to system off.
        nrf_pwr_mgmt_shutdown(NRF_PWR_MGMT_SHUTDOWN_GOTO_SYSOFF);
    }
}

/* nrf_sdh state observer. */
NRF_SDH_STATE_OBSERVER(m_buttonless_dfu_state_obs, 0) =
{
    .handler = buttonless_dfu_sdh_state_observer,
};


static void advertising_config_get(ble_adv_modes_config_t * p_config)
{
    memset(p_config, 0, sizeof(ble_adv_modes_config_t));

    p_config->ble_adv_fast_enabled  = true;
    p_config->ble_adv_fast_interval = (APP_ADV_INTERVAL*1.6);
    //p_config->ble_adv_fast_timeout  = (APP_ADV_INTERVAL*APP_ADV_NUM)/10;
    p_config->ble_adv_fast_timeout  = 180000;
}

static void disconnect(uint16_t conn_handle, void * p_context)
{
    UNUSED_PARAMETER(p_context);

    ret_code_t err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(conn_handle, BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
    if (err_code != NRF_SUCCESS)
    {
        NRF_LOG_WARNING("Failed to disconnect connection. Connection handle: %d Error: %d", conn_handle, err_code);
    }
    else
    {
        NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Disconnected connection handle %d", conn_handle);
    }
}



// YOUR_JOB: Update this code if you want to do anything given a DFU event (optional).
/**@brief Function for handling dfu events from the Buttonless Secure DFU service
 *
 * @param[in]   event   Event from the Buttonless Secure DFU service.
 */
static void ble_dfu_evt_handler(ble_dfu_buttonless_evt_type_t event)
{
    switch (event)
    {
        case BLE_DFU_EVT_BOOTLOADER_ENTER_PREPARE:
        {
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Device is preparing to enter bootloader mode.");

            // Prevent device from advertising on disconnect.
            ble_adv_modes_config_t config;
            advertising_config_get(&config);
            config.ble_adv_on_disconnect_disabled = true;
            ble_advertising_modes_config_set(&m_advertising, &config);

            // Disconnect all other bonded devices that currently are connected.
            // This is required to receive a service changed indication
            // on bootup after a successful (or aborted) Device Firmware Update.
            uint32_t conn_count = ble_conn_state_for_each_connected(disconnect, NULL);
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected %d links.", conn_count);
            break;
        }

        case BLE_DFU_EVT_BOOTLOADER_ENTER:
            // YOUR_JOB: Write app-specific unwritten data to FLASH, control finalization of this
            //           by delaying reset by reporting false in app_shutdown_handler
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Device will enter bootloader mode.");
            break;

        case BLE_DFU_EVT_BOOTLOADER_ENTER_FAILED:
            NRF_LOG_ERROR("Request to enter bootloader mode failed asynchroneously.");
            // YOUR_JOB: Take corrective measures to resolve the issue
            //           like calling APP_ERROR_CHECK to reset the device.
            break;

        case BLE_DFU_EVT_RESPONSE_SEND_ERROR:
            NRF_LOG_ERROR("Request to send a response to client failed.");
            // YOUR_JOB: Take corrective measures to resolve the issue
            //           like calling APP_ERROR_CHECK to reset the device.
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(false);
            break;

        default:
            NRF_LOG_ERROR("Unknown event from ble_dfu_buttonless.");
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Callback function for asserts in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. You need to analyze
 *          how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
 * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
 *
 * @param[in] line_num   Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
 * @param[in] file_name  File name of the failing ASSERT call.
 */
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Peer Manager events.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Peer Manager event.
 */
 /*
static void pm_evt_handler(pm_evt_t const * p_evt)
{
    pm_handler_on_pm_evt(p_evt);
    pm_handler_disconnect_on_sec_failure(p_evt);
    pm_handler_flash_clean(p_evt);
}
*/

/**@brief Function for starting timers.
 */

APP_TIMER_DEF(timeout_id);

void start_timeout(void)
{
    app_timer_start(timeout_id, APP_TIMER_TICKS(2000), NULL);

    NRF_LOG_INFO("timeout started\n");
}

void stop_timeout(void)
{
    app_timer_stop(timeout_id);

    NRF_LOG_INFO("timeout stopped\n");
}

uint8_t adv_start = 0;

void timeout_callback(void* p_context)
{
    UNUSED_PARAMETER(p_context);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("start advertising\n");
    steps=0;
    //sd_ble_gap_appearance_set(5);
    advertising_start(false);
}

/**@brief Function for the Timer initialization.
 *
 * @details Initializes the timer module. This creates and starts application timers.
 */
static void timers_init(void)
{
    // Initialize timer module.
    ret_code_t err_code = app_timer_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = app_timer_create(&timeout_id, APP_TIMER_MODE_SINGLE_SHOT, timeout_callback);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Create timers.

    /* YOUR_JOB: Create any timers to be used by the application.
                 Below is an example of how to create a timer.
                 For every new timer needed, increase the value of the macro APP_TIMER_MAX_TIMERS by
                 one.
       ret_code_t err_code;
       err_code = app_timer_create(&m_app_timer_id, APP_TIMER_MODE_REPEATED, timer_timeout_handler);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code); */
}


/**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
 *
 * @details This function sets up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of the
 *          device including the device name, appearance, and the preferred connection parameters.
 */
static void gap_params_init(int8_t appearance)
{
    ret_code_t              err_code;
    ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
    ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                          (const uint8_t *)DEVICE_NAME,
                                          strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
   
    err_code = sd_ble_gap_appearance_set(appearance);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));

    gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
    gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
 *
 * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
 *          application about an error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the YYY Service events.
 * YOUR_JOB implement a service handler function depending on the event the service you are using can generate
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all YY Service events which are passed to
 *          the application.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_yy_service   YY Service structure.
 * @param[in]   p_evt          Event received from the YY Service.
 *
 *
   static void on_yys_evt(ble_yy_service_t     * p_yy_service,
                          ble_yy_service_evt_t * p_evt)
   {
    switch (p_evt->evt_type)
    {
        case BLE_YY_NAME_EVT_WRITE:
            APPL_LOG("[APPL]: charact written with value %s. ", p_evt->params.char_xx.value.p_str);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
   }*/


/**@brief Function for initializing services that will be used by the application.
 */
static void services_init(void)
{
    uint32_t                  err_code;
    nrf_ble_qwr_init_t        qwr_init  = {0};
    ble_dfu_buttonless_init_t dfus_init = {0};

    // Initialize Queued Write Module.
    qwr_init.error_handler = nrf_qwr_error_handler;

    err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    dfus_init.evt_handler = ble_dfu_evt_handler;

    err_code = ble_dfu_buttonless_init(&dfus_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    /* YOUR_JOB: Add code to initialize the services used by the application.
       uint32_t                           err_code;
       ble_xxs_init_t                     xxs_init;
       ble_yys_init_t                     yys_init;

       // Initialize XXX Service.
       memset(&xxs_init, 0, sizeof(xxs_init));

       xxs_init.evt_handler                = NULL;
       xxs_init.is_xxx_notify_supported    = true;
       xxs_init.ble_xx_initial_value.level = 100;

       err_code = ble_bas_init(&m_xxs, &xxs_init);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

       // Initialize YYY Service.
       memset(&yys_init, 0, sizeof(yys_init));
       yys_init.evt_handler                  = on_yys_evt;
       yys_init.ble_yy_initial_value.counter = 0;

       err_code = ble_yy_service_init(&yys_init, &yy_init);
       APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
     */
}


/**@brief Function for handling the Connection Parameters Module.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all events in the Connection Parameters Module which
 *          are passed to the application.
 *          @note All this function does is to disconnect. This could have been done by simply
 *                setting the disconnect_on_fail config parameter, but instead we use the event
 *                handler mechanism to demonstrate its use.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Event received from the Connection Parameters Module.
 */
static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
    {
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling a Connection Parameters error.
 *
 * @param[in] nrf_error  Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module.
 */
static void conn_params_init(void)
{
    uint32_t               err_code;
    ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;

    memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));

    cp_init.p_conn_params                  = NULL;
    cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay  = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count   = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
    cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle    = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID;
    cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = false;
    cp_init.evt_handler                    = on_conn_params_evt;
    cp_init.error_handler                  = conn_params_error_handler;

    err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for handling advertising events.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for advertising events which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @param[in] ble_adv_evt  Advertising event.
 */
static void on_adv_evt(ble_adv_evt_t ble_adv_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    switch (ble_adv_evt)
    {
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Fast advertising.");
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_IDLE:

            //nrf_gpio_cfg_sense_set(INT_1_PIN, NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_HIGH);
            //nrf_pwr_mgmt_shutdown(NRF_PWR_MGMT_SHUTDOWN_GOTO_SYSOFF);
            

            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.
 */
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
    uint32_t err_code = NRF_SUCCESS;

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected.");
            // LED indication will be changed when advertising starts.
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected.");
            m_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
            ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
            {
                .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
            };
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;
        }

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Client Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Server Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
 *
 * @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupt.
 */
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
    // Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
    uint32_t ram_start = 0;
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Enable BLE stack.
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}


/**@brief Function for the Peer Manager initialization.
 */
 /*
static void peer_manager_init()
{
    ble_gap_sec_params_t sec_param;
    ret_code_t           err_code;

    err_code = pm_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&sec_param, 0, sizeof(ble_gap_sec_params_t));

    // Security parameters to be used for all security procedures.
    sec_param.bond           = SEC_PARAM_BOND;
    sec_param.mitm           = SEC_PARAM_MITM;
    sec_param.lesc           = SEC_PARAM_LESC;
    sec_param.keypress       = SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS;
    sec_param.io_caps        = SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES;
    sec_param.oob            = SEC_PARAM_OOB;
    sec_param.min_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_param.max_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_param.kdist_own.enc  = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_own.id   = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_peer.enc = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_peer.id  = 1;

    err_code = pm_sec_params_set(&sec_param);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = pm_register(pm_evt_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
*/


/** @brief Clear bonding information from persistent storage.
 */
 /*
static void delete_bonds(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Erase bonds!");

    err_code = pm_peers_delete();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
*/

/**@brief Function for initializing the Advertising functionality.
 */
static void advertising_init(void)
{
    uint32_t               err_code;
    ble_advertising_init_t init;

    memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));

    init.advdata.name_type               = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
    init.advdata.include_appearance      = true;
    init.advdata.flags                   = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_GENERAL_DISC_MODE;
    init.advdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
    init.advdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids  = m_adv_uuids;

    advertising_config_get(&init.config);

    init.evt_handler = on_adv_evt;

    err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
}


/**@brief Function for the Power manager.
 */
 
static void log_init(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}



/**@brief   Function for initializing the GATT module.
 * @details The GATT module handles ATT_MTU and Data Length update procedures automatically.
 */
static void gatt_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for starting advertising.
 */
static void advertising_start(bool erase_bonds)
{
    if (erase_bonds == true)
    {
        //delete_bonds();
        // Advertising is started by PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED event.
    }
    else
    {
        uint32_t err_code = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

        NRF_LOG_DEBUG("advertising is started");
    }
}

static void power_management_init(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
 *
 * @details If there is no pending log operation, then sleep until next the next event occurs.
 */
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
    if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
    {
        nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
    }
}

void in_pin_handler(nrfx_gpiote_pin_t pin, nrf_gpiote_polarity_t action)
{
    steps++;
    NRF_LOG_INFO("step detected %d",steps);
    stop_timeout();
    start_timeout();
}

void gpio_init(void)
{
    if (!nrfx_gpiote_is_init()) {
        nrfx_gpiote_init();
    }

    nrfx_gpiote_in_config_t in_config_1;
    in_config_1.pull = NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN;
    in_config_1.sense = NRF_GPIOTE_POLARITY_LOTOHI;
    in_config_1.hi_accuracy = true;
    in_config_1.is_watcher = false;
    in_config_1.skip_gpio_setup = false;

    nrfx_gpiote_in_init(INT_1_PIN, &in_config_1, in_pin_handler);
    nrfx_gpiote_in_event_enable(INT_1_PIN, true);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("gpio init done");
}


/* Earth's gravity in m/s^2 */
#define GRAVITY_EARTH     (9.80665f)

/* 39.0625us per tick */
#define SENSOR_TICK_TO_S  (0.0000390625f)

/**
 * @}
 */
static float lsb_to_ms2(int16_t accel_data, uint8_t g_range, uint8_t bit_width)
{
    float accel_ms2;
    int16_t half_scale;

    half_scale = 1 << (bit_width - 1);
    accel_ms2 = (GRAVITY_EARTH * accel_data * g_range) / half_scale;

    if (accel_ms2 > 10) accel_ms2 = 10;
    else if (accel_ms2 < -10) accel_ms2 = -10;

    return accel_ms2;

}


/**@brief Function for application main entry.
 */
int main(void)
{ 

    log_init();
    
    ret_code_t err_code;
    err_code = ble_dfu_buttonless_async_svci_init();

    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    nrf_power_dcdcen_set(true); 

    timers_init();
    //gpio_init();
    power_management_init();

    //start_timeout();
    ble_stack_init();
    gap_params_init(8);
    gatt_init();
    advertising_init();
    services_init();
    conn_params_init();
    //peer_manager_init();

    static int8_t rslt = 0;

    struct bma400_dev bma;
    struct bma400_sensor_conf accel_settin[2] = { { 0 } };
    struct bma400_int_enable int_en;
    struct bma400_device_conf dev_settings;

    uint16_t int_status;

    uint32_t step_count = 0;
    uint32_t count = 0;
    uint8_t act_int;

    rslt = bma400_interface_init(&bma, BMA400_I2C_INTF);
    bma400_check_rslt("bma400_interface_init", rslt);

    rslt = bma400_soft_reset(&bma);
    bma400_check_rslt("bma400_soft_reset", rslt);

    rslt = bma400_init(&bma);
    bma400_check_rslt("bma400_init", rslt);

    accel_settin[0].type = BMA400_STEP_COUNTER_INT;
    accel_settin[1].type = BMA400_ACCEL;

    rslt = bma400_get_sensor_conf(accel_settin, 2, &bma);
    bma400_check_rslt("bma400_get_sensor_conf", rslt);
    
    accel_settin[0].param.step_cnt.int_chan = BMA400_INT_CHANNEL_1;

    accel_settin[1].param.accel.odr = BMA400_ODR_100HZ;
    accel_settin[1].param.accel.range = BMA400_RANGE_2G;
    accel_settin[1].param.accel.data_src = BMA400_DATA_SRC_ACCEL_FILT_1;

    /* Set the desired configurations to the sensor */
    rslt = bma400_set_sensor_conf(accel_settin, 2, &bma);
    bma400_check_rslt("bma400_set_sensor_conf", rslt);

    rslt = bma400_set_power_mode(BMA400_MODE_NORMAL, &bma);
    bma400_check_rslt("bma400_set_power_mode", rslt);

    int_en.type = BMA400_STEP_COUNTER_INT_EN;
    int_en.conf = BMA400_ENABLE;

    rslt = bma400_enable_interrupt(&int_en, 1, &bma);
    bma400_check_rslt("bma400_enable_interrupt", rslt);
    
    dev_settings.type = BMA400_INT_PIN_CONF;
    dev_settings.param.int_conf.int_chan = BMA400_INT_CHANNEL_1;
    dev_settings.param.int_conf.pin_conf = BMA400_INT_PUSH_PULL_ACTIVE_1;

    rslt = bma400_set_device_conf(&dev_settings, 1, &bma);
    bma400_check_rslt("bma400_set_device_conf", rslt);


    advertising_start(false);



    // Enter main loop.
    while(1)
    {
        idle_state_handle();
    }
}

/**
 * @}
 */

bma_dfu_no_pm.hex

bma_dfu_no_pm_package.zip

[Einar Thorsrud]

Hi,

I do not spot anything that looks incorrect here. Can you try to make sure you delete the bond on the phone you are testing with (if already existing) and toggle Bluetooth off and on again to clear the cache of BT services on the peers? Does that help? If not, what do you see if you try to do the DFU update from nRF Connect for Desktop? And if it fails, can you upload the full log from nRF Connect for Desktop as well?

[Sophisti]

Hi,

I have been doing OTA firmware upgrades with nrf connect for Desktop all the time. I attached the log in the previous post already. But here again: 5466.2022-08-04T14_32_25.240Z-log.txt

Today I tried to use DFU with the mobile app, and this is working just fine!

Luckily I don't have to worry about flash size constraints anymore. 

However it is a bit of a hassle to send the package to my phone and use it that way. I would like to automate this process in a custom desktop app, so I am very keen to know why the nrf connect for desktop app keeps quitting on me. I tried re-opening the app as well as reconnecting the devkit to the computer, with no luck.

[Einar Thorsrud]

Hi,

It is interesting that DFU succeeds from a mobile app bot not from nRF Connect for Desktop. You get a GATT timeout on nRF Connect which then leads to disconnect, but I cannot see why, and that is not expected. Is the only change that you removed the peer manager? I ask because this should have no relevance for DFU at all, as long as you don't use bonding anyway.

I would be interesting to know what happens on the nRF side. If you have another nRF DK lying around (with a device with more flash), it could perhaps be interesting to test on that to get bootloader logging and see if that sheds some light on things.

If you don't make progress, can you upload your bootloader and application project (or some minimal failing example based on it) here, along with instructions on how to reproduce so that I can test on my end? Note that it should be complete projects with project files etc (so not just code and sdk_config.h). that I can drop in an unmodified SDK and run out of the box so that we are sure we are testing the same thing.

Also, which SDK are you using (I see you linked to SDK 15.2 documentation, but I want to double check)?

[Sophisti]

Hi,

Thanks for your reply.

I would've expected to run into issues with mobile more than the nrf connect for desktop application. As far as I know I haven't done anything else other than disable the peer manager. 

I will add the full projects later! For now I can move ahead with the mobile app as I am a bit time constraint. 

I am using the NRF5 SDK 17.1.0.

Thanks a lot!