NRF5340 power management

[wifiuser]

Hi Devzone,

I am using an nrf5340 with NCS v2.0.0 and am trying to implement power management.
I found this link and have been taking hints from it
https://github.com/nrfconnect/sdk-zephyr/tree/main/samples/boards/nrf/system_off

This is the scenario I would like to implement.

1. Enter deep sleep mode (used primarily for shipping device and storage)
2. Wakeup on GPIOTE interrupt when ready for use
3. Advertise/pair/bond
4. Do a few tasks based on timer
   1. Sample data from various devices attached to peripherals
5. Setup to enter PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_RAM sleep mode
   1. Un-init peripherals
      1. Set peripherals to PM_DEVICE_ACTION_SUSPEND
      2. Set peripheral pins to output low
   2. Enter PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_RAM
6. Wakeup on timer
   1. Init peripherals
      1. Set peripherals to PM_DEVICE_ACTION_RESUME
      2. Initialize peripherals
   2. Sample data from various devices attached to peripherals
7. Got back to 5

Peripherals used:
I2C1
SPIM2
SPIM4
SAADC
DPPI

reduced prj.conf setup

CONFIG_I2C=y
CONFIG_SENSOR=y
CONFIG_TMP116=y
CONFIG_NRFX_SPIM2=y
CONFIG_NRFX_SPIM4=y
CONFIG_PM=y
CONFIG_PM_DEVICE=y
CONFIG_NRFX_SAADC=y
CONFIG_NRFX_TIMER1=y
CONFIG_NRFX_DPPI=y

 To prevent the nrf5340 from entering deep sleep mode until I tell it I call

pm_policy_state_lock_get(PM_STATE_SOFT_OFF);

And to enter sleep SUSPEND_TO_RAM I call

    struct pm_state_info sleep_state = {PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_RAM, 0, 0};
    pm_state_force(0u, &sleep_state);

I have mostly everything mostly working, I can read and write to my devices on the various peripherals. The issue I am running into is directly setting the power setting of the various peripherals.

Calling this code to set the I2C1 device to suspend, results in a system crash.

struct device *i2c_dev = DEVICE_DT_GET(DT_NODELABEL(i2c1));
pm_device_action_run(i2c_dev, PM_DEVICE_ACTION_SUSPEND);

After stepping through that code I see that the crash occurs after calling

atomic_test_bit(&pm->flags,
			       PM_DEVICE_FLAG_STATE_LOCKED);

I saw this same issue when setting the power state for SPI2.

I have a few questions:

1. What devices are supported by pm_device_action_run? It runs OK in the sample for UART0 listed above but not for I2C1 or SPI2.
2. Does the peripherals have to be un-initialized and the pins configured in output low mode for the greatest power saving?
3. What is the correct order of operation for the peripherals:
   1. For wakeup? Set to active state, then initialize or vice versa?
   2. For sleep? Set to suspend then un-initialize or vice versa?
4. Should I even bother trying to run a pm_device_action_run on the I2C1, SPIM2, etc... or will the power management set that for me automatically?
5. I have a tmp117 attached to I2C1 and am using the zephyr driver to communicate with it. How do you unconfigure the I2C1? Again is it even necessary to configure it, use it then unconfigure it after use to achieve power savings?
6. Do I need to setup power states in my overlay file? I didn't see one in the sample I sited above.
7. What is the best way to achieve the scenario I described above with the best power savings?
8. How do you set wake on interrupt for a single GPIOTE? The example has this for a GPIO sw0 on the nrf5340dk

   1. 	/* Configure to generate PORT event (wakeup) on button 1 press. */
      	nrf_gpio_cfg_input(NRF_DT_GPIOS_TO_PSEL(DT_ALIAS(sw0), gpios),
      			   NRF_GPIO_PIN_PULLUP);
      	nrf_gpio_cfg_sense_set(NRF_DT_GPIOS_TO_PSEL(DT_ALIAS(sw0), gpios),
      			       NRF_GPIO_PIN_SENSE_LOW);
      

   2. This is what I currently have for GPIOTE using pin31. Will this work the same way?

   3. #define GPIOTE31             NRF_GPIO_PIN_MAP(0,31)
      	            
      const nrfx_gpiote_in_config_t in_config = NRFX_GPIOTE_CONFIG_IN_SENSE_HITOLO(true);
      nrfx_gpiote_in_init(GPIOTE31, &in_config, set_wakeup_detected);

Any help in configuring and setup to achieve best power saving would be appreciated. 

Thanks

[Susheel Nuguru]

I managed to reproduce this and I am not able to make SPIM2 or 4 to go to low power mode. 

I have to dive a bit deeper into the lib and driver for this and rule out if this is a firmware issue. But since i am able to reproduce this, it is possible find the root cause for this. I will keep you updated. Thanks for your patience so far.

[amar_d11]

struct pm_state_info sleep_state = {PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_RAM, 0, 0};
pm_state_force(0u, &sleep_state);

how did you get this working??

did you make any changes to 

pm_state_set(); ?

Susheel Nuguru 

[Susheel Nuguru]

This thread have somehow escaped my working queue and looking at the events it seems like I clicked some wrong button by mistake. I did not get this to work but since I did not hear from the author to remind me, I am guessing that they managed to make it work?

[amar_d11]

What can be done to create a simple scenario where an application has a gpio and an uart and the end goal is to put the system in sleep mode?

using

PM_STATE_SOFT_OFF

is not the solution for me .

how to use the other power down modes ?

[khelmutlord]

Looking at the code for the nRF5340's power management, you can see that the only supported power management state is PM_STATE_SOFT_OFF.

https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/blob/69d0dce978e11a17e6605a42067374ca56767483/soc/arm/nordic_nrf/nrf53/power.c#L10

Each driver (UART, for example) supports certain power management modes as well:

https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/blob/fd346e846f1474468cd2bd67e7208b9560edd60e/drivers/serial/uart_nrfx_uart.c#LL1070C12-L1070C31

i.e. PM_DEVICE_ACTION_SUSPEND and PM_DEVICE_ACTION_RESUME

If the default UART driver uses too much power, consider using the Nordic LPUART library. 

https://developer.nordicsemi.com/nRF_Connect_SDK/doc/latest/nrf/drivers/uart_nrf_sw_lpuart.html#uart-nrf-sw-lpuart

Thanks,

Helmut Lord

[Dker19]

Susheel Nuguru khelmutlord wifiuser 

I required the device should be run in low power mode when there is no work to do. so I gone through the state.h and found that there are different states. So I choose  PM_STATE_RUNTIME_IDLE or PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE so just curious like if I select one of them then on some event how to wakeup the device to a normal state.

Also is there any best state other than PM_STATE_SOFT_OFF which help my device to save more power without losing its context?

Do I just need to disable/suspend the resources that are taking more power, this will save the power consumption of the battery. CPU will automatically go into sleep mode?

Can you please enlighten why there are different modes and When to use them? like, PM_STATE_RUNTIME_IDLE, PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE, PM_STATE_STANDBY and 

PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_RAM.
Also how to use them?

[Dker19]

khelmutlord I am working on nrf5340 dk board, I just want to confirm power state supported by nrf5340. As per your pointer only supported power management state is PM_STATE_SOFT_OFF. So other states like 

1. PM_STATE_RUNTIME_IDLE
2. PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE
3. PM_STATE_STANDBY
4. PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_RAM
5. PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_DISK

are not supported by nrf5340? Can you please confirm? also, I required to lower the the power consumption so if I don't want to reset the board which will be reset if I use PM_STATE_SOFT_OFF. So what is the best way to do that. do I need to suspend the peripherals like uart,radio etc without using putting device in any power management state.

Thanks,

Dker19 

[Susheel Nuguru]

Dker19 said:

So other states like 

1. PM_STATE_RUNTIME_IDLE
2. PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE
3. PM_STATE_STANDBY
4. PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_RAM
5. PM_STATE_SUSPEND_TO_DISK

are not supported by nrf5340? Can you please confirm?

Yes, but you can add your own power handling that you think is suitable to your application. We seems to have only implemented the deep sleep power state in the power manager.

[amar_d11]

"Yes, but you can add your own power handling that you think is suitable to your application."

can you please provide an example of how to do it?

[Dker19]

Thanks Susheel Nuguru , So I can achieve this using lower down the peripherals like uart, radio etc. For other power handing I need to check, If you have some additional thoughts and some examples please share them here for power handling. help will be appreciated.