Installation of NCS 2.3.0 under macOS

[paul.lander]

Hi,

I first installed the command line tools (nrfjprog + JLink ARM), followed by nRF Connect for Desktop v4.1.1. I then installed nRF Connect SDK v2.3.0 using Toolchain Manager v1.2.4 on two computers: 1. Apple x86, macOS 11.x and 2. Apple M1, macOS 13.x. I let Toolchain Manager install nRF Connect extension v2023.4.179 for VS Code (v1.78.2 Universal). On both computers I had some issues:

1. I manually installed the C/C++ extension v1.15.4 for Apple M1; this required deleting the extension folder for the non-universal version that had been installed by Toolchain Manager
2. From Toolchain Manager I had to run the option "Generate environment script" and run this in the macOS Terminal with the sh command from inside the workspace repo folder
3. I edited the include and browse paths in c_cpp_settings.json, explicitly adding the include path for NRFXLIB NRF_MODEM
4. I edited the include path in nrf connect extension (partly because it does not recognize all legal VS Code syntax from c_cpp_settings.json)
5. I added "NRF9160_XXAA" in the "defines" section of c_cpp_settings.json
6. I installed nrfjprog version 10.21.0 external for macOS 13.x & version 10.15.x for macOS 11
7. I installed JLinkARM.dll v7.88b (Universal) for all versions of macOS

I have some remaining issues:

1. The west command runs successfully after a build configuration, but west is not recognized in the macOS or VS Code terminals
2. newlib.h refers to picolibc.h, which is not included in NCS 2.3.0 - everything builds OK, but it causes distracting red squiggles in VS Code
3. Flashing larger merged hex files to the nRF9160 DK fails frequently with varying errors

I know of other users who have encountered similar issues with macOS. Does anyone have a template, or link(s) to documentation, showing the required settings ("defines", include & browse paths, nRF Connect extension, project workspace and macOS $PATH)? Thanks,

Paul

[Øyvind]

Hello Paul, 

Are you able to provide some logs for us? Can you please attach the output from nRF Connect: Generate Support Information (in VS Code)?

Kind regards,
Øyvind

[paul.lander]

Hi Øyvid,

nRF Connect Support Information and the $PATH variable are below. Running pip3 show -f west in the macOS Terminal gives a warning: Package not found. Also, I notice that nrfutil is "not found" (see below).

I added /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/bin to $PATH. west is now recognized in macOS Terminal from my home directory with west --version (not show), but west --version is not recognized in VS Code Terminal.

Building one of my samples in VS Code generates:

Building nhm_logic_app
/bin/sh -c west build --build-dir /Users/paul/nhm2_sensor_m1/nhm2-sensor/fw/samples/nhm_logic_app/build_dk /Users/paul/nhm2_sensor_m1/nhm2-sensor/fw/samples/nhm_logic_app --pristine --board [email protected] -- -DNCS_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION:STRING="NONE" -DBOARD_ROOT:STRING="/Users/paul/nhm2_sensor_m1/nhm2-sensor/fw;/Users/paul/nhm2_sensor_m1/nhm2-sensor" -DDTC_OVERLAY_FILE:STRING="/Users/paul/nhm2_sensor_m1/nhm2-sensor/fw/samples/nhm_logic_app/nrf9160dk_nrf9160_ns.overlay" -DCONFIG_DEBUG_OPTIMIZATIONS:STRING="y" -DCONFIG_DEBUG_THREAD_INFO:STRING="y"

Is "NONE" correct in the bold highlight above?

Thanks,

Paul

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/Users/paul/esp/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Users/paul/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/local/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/appleinternal/bin:/Applications/Visual Studio Code.app/Contents/Resources/app/bin

IMPORTANT: The data below could contain sensitive or confidential information about your environment.
If you do not wish this to be seen by others, please make sure to remove it before sharing.

For help and support, visit the Nordic DevZone at https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/.

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      "applications": [
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        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/nhm_wpn2s_app",
        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/wdt_app",
        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/timers_app",
        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/tasks_app",
        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/sampling_app",
        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/power_measure_app",
        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/nhm_logic_app",
        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/modem_app",
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        "${workspaceFolder}/fw/samples/gnss_app",
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      "ZEPHYR_BASE": "/opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/zephyr",
      "ZEPHYR_TOOLCHAIN_VARIANT": "zephyr",
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[Øyvind]

Hi Paul, I have reached out to our developers and forwarded your information. The responsible team is a little pre-occupied at the moment, but I will get back to you as soon as I have an answer.

Sorry for the inconvenience. 

Kind regards,
Øyvind

[paul.lander]

Hi Øyvind,

Thanks for the reply. I can understand the developers are stretched, supporting 3 platforms with variations. For example, I found another issue with Apple M1: the nR9160 HTTP FOTA update samples do not build because Python 3.9.6 does not have ARM64 builds of the Rust cryptography binaries.

A general question: is the 'ideal' build environment for nRF Connect SDK a Windows 10 PC? What do you and the developers use every day? Thanks,

Paul

[Øyvind]

Hi Paul, our developers are not sure what to answer.

I manually installed the C/C++ extension v1.15.4 for Apple M1; this required deleting the extension folder for the non-universal version that had been installed by Toolchain Manager

What is the reason for installing C/C++ extension, and adding settings to c_cpp_settings.json? 

paul.lander said:

does not have ARM64 builds of the Rust cryptography binaries

I'm not aware of any official support for Rust. Do you have any links to point me to?

paul.lander said:

A general question: is the 'ideal' build environment for nRF Connect SDK a Windows 10 PC? What do you and the developers use every day? Thanks,

I work on a Windows 10 PC and use the Toolchain Manager and VS Code extension out of the box. The same goes for my Apple M2 and Linux machine. Our developers are mainly working on Linux machines, with the NCS environment installed as described under Installing Manually

Kind regards,
Øyvind

[paul.lander]

Hi Øyvind,

Manual installation of C/C++ extension: VS Code complained that the version of the C/C++ extension that I had was not the universal version. It directed me to delete the extension folder, re-install and retry if it didn't work properly the first time. I tried twice before it worked. It's probably a VS Code issue, there have been pull requests.

Adding settings to c_cpp_settings.json: I found that I had to: 1. add more include & browse paths, and 2. add some "defines" to get VS Code's intellisense to find SDK files.

Cryptography binaries: Python 3.9.6 is unable to use the file, ~Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so. I created a build configuration for the nRF9160 HTTP application update sample and it runs a Python script to generate zephyr/autogen-pubkey.c. Strange, becauseI thought this issue had been fixed in Python 3.9.1. The build error output is below.

Perhaps, from your Apple M2 machine, you could share the support log for nRF Connect extension and snippets of the c_cpp_settings.json and a workspace settings JSON? My machine has a lot of development environments and it only takes one little thing for an installation script like Toolchain Manager to go wrong silently. Otherwise I think we can close the ticket. To save time I'll buy a clean Windows 10 Pro PC since it has Tier 1 support and install from scratch.

Thanks,

Paul

FAILED: zephyr/autogen-pubkey.c 
cd /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/nrf/samples/nrf9160/http_update/application_update/build_dk/mcuboot && /opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/bin/python3.9 /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/bootloader/mcuboot/scripts/imgtool.py getpub -k /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/bootloader/mcuboot/root-ec-p256.pem > /opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/nrf/samples/nrf9160/http_update/application_update/build_dk/mcuboot/zephyr/autogen-pubkey.c
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/bootloader/mcuboot/scripts/imgtool.py", line 19, in <module>
    from imgtool import main
  File "/opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/bootloader/mcuboot/scripts/imgtool/main.py", line 23, in <module>
    import imgtool.keys as keys
  File "/opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/bootloader/mcuboot/scripts/imgtool/keys/__init__.py", line 22, in <module>
    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
  File "/Users/paul/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/serialization/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives._serialization import (
  File "/Users/paul/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/_serialization.py", line 11, in <module>
    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hashes import HashAlgorithm
  File "/Users/paul/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/hashes.py", line 10, in <module>
    from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import openssl as rust_openssl
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/paul/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so, 0x0002): tried: '/Users/paul/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'x86_64', need 'arm64')), '/System/Volumes/Preboot/Cryptexes/OS/Users/paul/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so' (no such file), '/Users/paul/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_rust.abi3.so' (mach-o file, but is an incompatible architecture (have 'x86_64', need 'arm64'))

[paul.lander]

Hi Øyvind,

Would it be possible to share the support log for nRF Connect extension and snippets of the c_cpp_settings.json and a workspace settings JSON from your Apple M2 machine?

Thanks,

Paul

[Øyvind]

Hi Paul, sorry the late reply.

Here is the support log from my Macbook Air M2

IMPORTANT: The data below could contain sensitive or confidential information about your environment.
If you do not wish this to be seen by others, please make sure to remove it before sharing.

For help and support, visit the Nordic DevZone at https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/.

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    "vscode": "1.78.2",
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    "date": "2023-06-16T08:28:03.627Z",
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    "vscodeUptime": "00:01:03",
    "osUptime": "880:13:42",
    "cpu": {
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      "version": "2.1.2",
      "path": "/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.1.2"
    },
    {
      "version": "2.2.0",
      "path": "/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.2.0"
    },
    {
      "version": "2.3.0",
      "path": "/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0"
    }
  ],
  "connectedDevices": [],
  "deviceProvider": "nrfutil",
  "config": {
    "nordic-semiconductor.nrf-connect": {
      "topdir": "${nrf-connect.sdk:2.3.0}",
      "toolchain": {
        "path": "${nrf-connect.toolchain:2.3.0}"
      },
      "ozonePath": "",
      "applications": [],
      "applicationOptions": {},
      "kconfig": {
        "interface": "kconfig",
        "executeInDefaultShell": false
      },
      "welcome": {
        "showOnStartup": true
      },
      "west": {
        "env": {
          "$base": "terminal"
        }
      },
      "boardRoots": [
        "Support/298989/Q3Iot_NCS220_230105/boards"
      ],
      "enableTelemetry": true,
      "taskBindings": {},
      "debugging": {
        "backend": "nRF Debug",
        "flash": true,
        "bindings": {}
      },
      "activeAppFollowActiveEditor": false,
      "deviceProvider": "nrfutil"
    },
    "nordic-semiconductor.nrf-terminal": {
      "terminalMode": "character"
    },
    "marus25.cortex-debug": {
      "variableUseNaturalFormat": true,
      "liveWatchRefreshRate": "300",
      "armToolchainPath": null,
      "armToolchainPrefix": "arm-none-eabi",
      "gdbPath": null,
      "objdumpPath": null,
      "JLinkGDBServerPath": null,
      "openocdPath": null,
      "pyocdPath": null,
      "PEGDBServerPath": null,
      "stutilPath": null,
      "stlinkPath": null,
      "stm32cubeprogrammer": null,
      "enableTelemetry": true,
      "dbgServerLogfile": null
    }
  },
  "environment": {
    "westExe": "west",
    "westEnv": {
      "ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE": "1",
      "GIT_EXEC_PATH": "/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/Cellar/git/2.37.3/libexec/git-core",
      "HOME": "/Users/oysa",
      "PATH": "/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/bin:/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/opt/bin:/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin:/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin:/opt/homebrew/sbin:/opt/homebrew/bin:/usr/local/bin:/System/Cryptexes/App/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/X11/bin:/Applications/Wireshark.app/Contents/MacOS:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/local/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/appleinternal/bin",
      "ZEPHYR_BASE": "/opt/nordic/ncs/v2.3.0/zephyr",
      "ZEPHYR_TOOLCHAIN_VARIANT": "zephyr",
      "ZEPHYR_SDK_INSTALL_DIR": "/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/opt/zephyr-sdk",
      "USER": "oysa"
    },
    "inherited": {
      "ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE": "1",
      "HOME": "/Users/oysa",
      "PATH": "/opt/homebrew/sbin:/opt/homebrew/bin:/usr/local/bin:/System/Cryptexes/App/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/X11/bin:/Applications/Wireshark.app/Contents/MacOS:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/local/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/bin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/usr/appleinternal/bin",
      "USER": "oysa"
    },
    "toolchainPath": "/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0",
    "toolchainBinPath": "/opt/nordic/ncs/toolchains/v2.3.0/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin",
    "toolchainVersion": "2.3.0"
  },
  "terminal": {
    "shell": null,
    "defaultProfile": null
  }
}

paul.lander said:

snippets of the c_cpp_settings.json

The closest on my side is modules/lib/loramac-node/.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "ARM",
            "compileCommands": "${workspaceRoot}/build/compile_commands.json",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "browse": {
                "path": [
                    "${workspaceFolder}"
                ]
            },
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17",
            "configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

paul.lander said:

a workspace settings JSON

~/Library/Application Support/Code/User/settings.json

{
    "nrf-connect.welcome.showOnStartup": true,
    "nrf-connect.enableTelemetry": true,
    "nrf-connect.topdir": "${nrf-connect.sdk:2.3.0}",
    "nrf-connect.toolchain.path": "${nrf-connect.toolchain:2.3.0}",
    "nrf-connect.activeAppFollowActiveEditor": false,
    "nrf-connect.boardRoots": [
        "Support/<removed>/boards"
    ]
}

Let me know what more you would like me to provide

[paul.lander]

Hi Øyvind,

That's very helpful, thanks. It's nice how you can type "nrf-.." in the workspace settings file and VS Code will prompt for options - very useful. There are only 3 significant differences between our setups. My c_cpp_settings.json has:

1. "configurations": configurationProvider: "nrf-connect"
2. "intelliSenseMode": "macos-clang-arm64
3. "defines": [ "NRF9160_XXAA" ]

I have VS Code 1.79 (you have 1.78), and that's where on Apple M1/M2 it started to complain about clang-x64, which necessitated deleting the C/C++ extension folder and installing the ARM version. "NRF9160_XXAA" seemed to be necessary to resolve NRF driver include paths. I asked ChatGPT, "What does configurationProvider in visual studio code's configurations in c_cpp_settings.json do?" The answer is interesting.

There's a lot going on under the hood. I appreciate that you guys are trying to keep up with 3 platforms and hide the details in Toolchain Manager. My "3 remianing issues", detailed in the original post, are still present, but I can work around them.

Thanks again for your help,

Paul

[Øyvind]

Paul, even with v1.79.2 I'm not able to reproduce your issue I'm afraid. 

I hope you have been able to work around the other issues. Let me know if there is anything else I can help with. 

Kind regards,
Øyvind

[paul.lander]

Hi Øyind,

I'm still working through NCS issues and I wanted to share some new observations. I decided to buy a macbook air M2 to use as an NCS 'clean machine' (don't laugh!) I manually installed NCS 2.2.0, which I needed because I'm certifying with Verizon and as of August 2023 MCUBoot is not working with NCS 2.3.0. I still had issues on the 'clean machine':

1. Flashing is problematic. Using NRF Command Line tools 10.23.0, I get nrfjprog DLL error 102 and an intermittent write failure with the nRF9160 DK, JLink Base (v7.88 universal) or my custom PCB. Flashing sometimes works after resetting the board in the Connected Devices pane of nRF Connect Extension. It usually works after power-cycling. Errors and log output are below. I've created a manufacturing shell script to write to UICR, program modem firmware, program the modem shell app, create and upload an nRF Cloud certificate, load a test app and interact with a custom programming rig. The last programming step works only every second time in the macOS Terminal.

Question 1: What can I do to get rid of this DLL error write=33, general log=102?

2. Debugging did not work initially in nRF Connect Extension. I got "spawn unknown system error -86". I created a launch.json and reviewed settings.json and the nRF Connect Extension settings. Nothing seemd to work, including using F5. So I installed Segger Ozone, followed the User Guide for nRF Connect Extension, supplying the path as a directory. Ozone was recognized in the Actions pane, but failed to start with the error "it's a directory". A path to the executable was unrecognized. Ozone runs OK standalone. Finally, I tried to run the nRF debugger again: it now worked - who knows? There may be a sticky setting somewhere that running Ozone un-stuck?

3. I would like to upgrade to Python 3.11 so I edited the Python path in nRF Connect Extension, but samples still build with the Frameworks link to python3.9 in NCS. However, the good news is that the homebrew manual installation of Python does install ARM64 (aarch64) and not  X86 (x86_64) Rust binaries for packages like Cryptography (the Toolchain Manager was always installing X86).

Question 2: How can I get NCS to use a different version of Python (the way this is customarily done, for example, in JetBrains Pycharm, is to create VENV virtual environments for projects, which is convenient).

------------------------------------------

nrfjprog/west output and log file:

-- west flash: using runner nrfjprog
-- runners.nrfjprog: Flashing file: /Users/paullander/nhm2-sensor/fw/samples/sdf_app/build_dk/zephyr/merged.hex
[ #################### ]   3.277s | Erase file - Done erasing                                                          
[error] [ Client] - Encountered error -102: Command program_file executed for 172 milliseconds with result -102        
[error] [  nRF91] - The write access failed, but no cause could be determined.                                         
[error] [  nRF91] - It may be due to an unaligned access, accessing a nonexistent memory, or a communication issue.
[error] [  nRF91] - Failed while performing 'Write' operation on target address 0x00000000. 
-102: An unknown error.
[error] [  nRF91] - Failed while reading device information.
[error] [ Worker] - An unknown error.
ERROR: JLinkARM DLL reported an error. Try again. If error condition
ERROR: persists, run the same command again with argument --log, contact Nordic
ERROR: Semiconductor and provide the generated log.log file to them.
NOTE: For additional output, try running again with logging enabled (--log).
NOTE: Any generated log error messages will be displayed.
FATAL ERROR: command exited with status 33: nrfjprog --program /Users/paullander/nhm2-sensor/fw/samples/sdf_app/build_dk/zephyr/merged.hex --sectorerase --verify -f NRF91 --snr 960028613

 *  The terminal process terminated with exit code: 33.

[2023-Aug-14 14:00:42] [debug] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[2023-Aug-14 14:00:42] [debug] nrfjprog --program /opt/nordic/ncs/nrf/samples/nrf9160/http_update/application_update/build/zephyr/merged.hex...Code