Undefined reference to pm_state_force on Windows, works fine on Linux

[Nicolas Goualard]

Hi devzone,

I am having a weird problem. I was guiding a new employee to set up their Windows computer to develop our application. Once everything was set up, we built a stable version of our application, but the build failed due to an undefined reference to pm_state_force. I have no issues building the same app on a Linux VM with, to the best of my knowledge, the same parameters (toolchain, etc ). I am reproducing the same issue when I try to build on my windows computer i.e. not in the VM.

Do you have any ideas where this might come from, and how to solve the issue ?

Thanks in advance for your help.

Best regards,

Nicolas Goualard

[Einar Thorsrud]

Hi Nicolas,

There should not be a difference from building on Windows and Linux. Could it be that you are not using the same SDK version, toolchain version, or something else?

If you still see this issue, can you elaborate on the issue sharing the error message, relevant code, and clarify which SDK and toolchain you are using on your Linux VM and Windows machine?

Br,

Einar

[Nicolas Goualard]

Hi Einar,

Thanks for your reply. I updated both version to ncs version 2.5.0 in the process, so as far as i know the versions are the same, however there is a difference between the two setups. On Windows, when I am in the ncs extension in VS code I have the following info:

On Linux, I am using toolchain v2.5.0, and after "Open west Manifest" it says 2.4.99. I don't know if that can cause the issue, and I didn't know how to update the manifest, so I could not verify that, but that might be it ?

I tried building this very simple app on both sides on the nrf52840dk_nrf52840 board:

#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
#include <soc.h>
#include <zephyr/pm/pm.h>
#include <zephyr/pm/device.h>
#include <zephyr/pm/policy.h>

int main(void)
{
        pm_state_force(0u, &(struct pm_state_info){PM_STATE_SOFT_OFF, 0, 0});
        return 0;
}

prj.conf:

# Copyright (c) 2021 Nordic Semiconductor ASA
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#
# This file contains selected Kconfig options for the application.

CONFIG_SENSOR=y

# Config for Immutable Secure Bootloader
CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT=n
CONFIG_B0_MIN_PARTITION_SIZE=n

# Config for Upgradable Bootloader
CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT=n
CONFIG_BUILD_S1_VARIANT=n

# enable logging
CONFIG_LOG=y
CONFIG_LOG_INFO_COLOR_GREEN=y
CONFIG_LOG_MODE_IMMEDIATE=y

# enable Hardware info
CONFIG_HWINFO=y
CONFIG_HWINFO_NRF=y

# enable ADC
CONFIG_ADC=y

# enable SPI
CONFIG_SPI=y
CONFIG_SPI_NOR=y

# enabling State Machine Framework and events
CONFIG_SMF=y
CONFIG_EVENTS=y
CONFIG_SMF_ANCESTOR_SUPPORT=y

# enabling Bluetooth
CONFIG_BT=y
CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL=y
CONFIG_BT_DEVICE_NAME="Zephyr"
CONFIG_BT_DEVICE_APPEARANCE=5184
# 5184 means Generic Outdoor Sports Activity. Complete list of appearance values can be found on the Bluetooth website under "assigned values" : https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/
CONFIG_BT_MAX_CONN=1
CONFIG_BT_MAX_PAIRED=1
CONFIG_BT_GATT_CLIENT=y
CONFIG_BT_L2CAP_TX_MTU=247
CONFIG_BT_BUF_ACL_RX_SIZE=251

# enabling bonding
CONFIG_BT_SETTINGS=y
CONFIG_FLASH=y
CONFIG_FLASH_PAGE_LAYOUT=y
CONFIG_FLASH_MAP=y
CONFIG_NVS=y
CONFIG_SETTINGS=y

# This example requires more workqueue stack
CONFIG_SYSTEM_WORKQUEUE_STACK_SIZE=4096

CONFIG_ASSERT=y

# Enable the UART driver (for the BG77 UART?)
CONFIG_UART_ASYNC_API=n
CONFIG_SERIAL=y
CONFIG_UART_INTERRUPT_DRIVEN=y
CONFIG_NRFX_UARTE0=y

# Enbale Ring Buffer
CONFIG_RING_BUFFER=y

# Config for enabling newlib C
CONFIG_NEWLIB_LIBC=y
CONFIG_NEWLIB_LIBC_FLOAT_PRINTF=y

# Enabling FPU
CONFIG_FPU=y


CONFIG_MAIN_STACK_SIZE=4096
CONFIG_BT_RX_STACK_SIZE=4096
CONFIG_BT_HCI_TX_STACK_SIZE_WITH_PROMPT=y
CONFIG_BT_HCI_TX_STACK_SIZE=4096
#CONFIG_THREAD_ANALYZER=y
#CONFIG_THREAD_ANALYZER_AUTO=y
#CONFIG_THREAD_ANALYZER_USE_LOG=y
#CONFIG_THREAD_NAME=y

with the same results, it passes on Linux, but fails on Windows. Here is the build output :

---

Building app
C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /d /s /c "west build --build-dir c:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/build_1 c:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app --pristine --board nrf52840dk_nrf52840 --no-sysbuild -- -DNCS_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION:STRING="NONE" -DBOARD_ROOT:STRING="c:/users/lpc-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git" -DCONF_FILE:STRING="c:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/prj.conf""

-- west build: generating a build system
Loading Zephyr default modules (Zephyr base).
-- Application: C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app
-- CMake version: 3.20.5
-- Found Python3: C:/Users/LPC-008/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/bin/python.exe (found suitable version "3.8.2", minimum required is "3.8") found components: Interpreter
-- Cache files will be written to: C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/zephyr/.cache
-- Zephyr version: 3.4.99 (C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/zephyr)
-- Found west (found suitable version "1.1.0", minimum required is "0.14.0")
-- Board: nrf52840dk_nrf52840
-- Found host-tools: zephyr 0.16.1 (C:/Users/LPC-008/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk)
-- Found toolchain: zephyr 0.16.1 (C:/Users/LPC-008/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk)
-- Found Dtc: C:/Users/LPC-008/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/bin/dtc.exe (found suitable version "1.4.7", minimum required is "1.4.6")
-- Found BOARD.dts: C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/zephyr/boards/arm/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/nrf52840dk_nrf52840.dts
-- Generated zephyr.dts: C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/build_1/zephyr/zephyr.dts
-- Generated devicetree_generated.h: C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/build_1/zephyr/include/generated/devicetree_generated.h
-- Including generated dts.cmake file: C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/build_1/zephyr/dts.cmake

warning: SPI_NOR (defined at drivers/flash/Kconfig.nor:4) was assigned the value 'y' but got the
value 'n'. Check these unsatisfied dependencies: DT_HAS_JEDEC_SPI_NOR_ENABLED (=n). See
docs.zephyrproject.org/.../kconfig.html and/or look up SPI_NOR in the
menuconfig/guiconfig interface. The Application Development Primer, Setting Configuration Values,
and Kconfig - Tips and Best Practices sections of the manual might be helpful too.

Parsing C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/Kconfig
Loaded configuration 'C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/zephyr/boards/arm/nrf52840dk_nrf52840/nrf52840dk_nrf52840_defconfig'
Merged configuration 'c:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/prj.conf'
Configuration saved to 'C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/build_1/zephyr/.config'
Kconfig header saved to 'C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/build_1/zephyr/include/generated/autoconf.h'
-- Found GnuLd: c:/users/lpc-008/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd.exe (found version "2.38")
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
-- Found assembler: C:/Users/LPC-008/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/arm-zephyr-eabi-gcc.exe
CMake Warning at C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/zephyr/CMakeLists.txt:1958 (message):
__ASSERT() statements are globally ENABLED

-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git/app/build_1
-- west build: building application
[1/235] Generating ../../zephyr/include/generated/ncs_version.h
[2/235] Generating include/generated/version.h
-- Zephyr version: 3.4.99 (C:/Users/LPC-008/my-workspace/zephyr), build: v3.4.99-ncs1-33-gff85910bf8ed
[3/235] Generating misc/generated/syscalls.json, misc/generated/struct_tags.json
[4/235] Generating include/generated/syscall_dispatch.c, include/generated/syscall_list.h
[5/235] Generating include/generated/kobj-types-enum.h, include/generated/otype-to-str.h, include/generated/otype-to-size.h
[6/235] Generating include/generated/driver-validation.h
[7/235] Building C object zephyr/CMakeFiles/offsets.dir/arch/arm/core/offsets/offsets.c.obj
[8/235] Generating include/generated/offsets.h
[9/235] Building C object zephyr/CMakeFiles/zephyr.dir/lib/crc/crc32c_sw.c.obj
[10/235] Building C object zephyr/CMakeFiles/zephyr.dir/lib/crc/crc32_sw.c.obj
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../src/main.c: In function 'main':
c:\Users\LPC-008\my-workspace\eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git\app\src\main.c:9:9: warning: implicit declaration of function 'pm_state_force' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
9 | pm_state_force(0u, &(struct pm_state_info){PM_STATE_SOFT_OFF, 0, 0});
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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FAILED: zephyr/zephyr_pre0.elf zephyr/zephyr_pre0.map
cmd.exe /C "cd . && C:\Users\LPC-008\ncs\toolchains\c57af46cb7\opt\zephyr-sdk\arm-zephyr-eabi\bin\arm-zephyr-eabi-gcc.exe -gdwarf-4 @CMakeFiles\zephyr_pre0.rsp -o zephyr\zephyr_pre0.elf && cmd.exe /C "cd /D C:\Users\LPC-008\my-workspace\eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git\app\build_1\zephyr && C:\Users\LPC-008\ncs\toolchains\c57af46cb7\opt\bin\cmake.exe -E true""
c:/users/lpc-008/ncs/toolchains/c57af46cb7/opt/zephyr-sdk/arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-zephyr-eabi/12.2.0/../../../../arm-zephyr-eabi/bin/ld.bfd.exe: app/libapp.a(main.c.obj): in function `main':
C:\Users\LPC-008\my-workspace\eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git\app\src\main.c:9: undefined reference to `pm_state_force'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
FATAL ERROR: command exited with status 1: 'C:\Users\LPC-008\ncs\toolchains\c57af46cb7\opt\bin\cmake.EXE' --build 'c:\Users\LPC-008\my-workspace\eqs-motion-s-zephyr.git\app\build_1'

---

[IvanR]

no, just installed it.

I had 2.3 up to now and chose to do a fresh install. uninstalled 2.3, installed 2.5

Everything worked in 2.3, nothing changed. 

[Nicolas Goualard]

In my case I changed from pm_state_force to sys_poweroff with SDK version 2.5.0 as I used it to make the device go in low power mode.

[IvanR]

thx, will try 

[Jason]

It really bothes me that every time I upgrade NCS to the latest I run into a series of compile errors and there's no guide from Nordic to hold my hand through the upgrade. I have to google each error in turn and guess what the right fix is.

Surely when the Nordic developers go through the process they must be able to make a wiki or a document that gives a few links or steps to ensure this is less of a waste of our time. 

[Einar Thorsrud]

Hi,

Thank you for the feedback. We have received similar feedback in the past, and have now started making migration guides also for minor version updates (like between 2.4 and 2.5). You can find the migration guides here. These will not cover all changes though, as many changes are in other projects that are included in the SDK distribution, but should cover the most important and Nordic specific changes.

[Jason]

oh wow, this is great. I will take a look. I suggest the tool chain manager directs the user to these guides

Thank you!