Hi
Can I get some idea on which functions to make changes to in order to scan and report(for example on uart) the number of ble devices present in NRF52832 kit range.
I know ble central uart example does the scan, but I don't seem to forward with which functions to start off with.
I am using NRF52832 micro devkit with softdevice s132.
Hi,
The central discovers devices after scan_start() has been called. The callback function scan_evt_handler is called with ble_gap_evt_adv_report_t when a device is discovered during scanning. You can then append the discovered device in a list with its UUID. A device can be discovered multiple times, you should therefore only append it, if it's not already in the list. See this sequence diagram.
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/**
* @brief BLE LED Button Service central and client application main file.
*
* This file contains the source code for a sample client application using the LED Button service.
*/
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "boards.h"
#include "bsp.h"
#include "bsp_btn_ble.h"
#include "ble.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "ble_db_discovery.h"
#include "ble_lbs_c.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_scan.h"
#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"
#define CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_0 /**< Scanning LED will be on when the device is scanning. */
#define CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_1 /**< Connected LED will be on when the device is connected. */
#define LEDBUTTON_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_2 /**< LED to indicate a change of state of the the Button characteristic on the peer. */
#define SCAN_INTERVAL 0x00A0 /**< Determines scan interval in units of 0.625 millisecond. */
#define SCAN_WINDOW 0x0050 /**< Determines scan window in units of 0.625 millisecond. */
#define SCAN_DURATION 0x0000 /**< Timout when scanning. 0x0000 disables timeout. */
#define MIN_CONNECTION_INTERVAL MSEC_TO_UNITS(7.5, UNIT_1_25_MS) /**< Determines minimum connection interval in milliseconds. */
#define MAX_CONNECTION_INTERVAL MSEC_TO_UNITS(30, UNIT_1_25_MS) /**< Determines maximum connection interval in milliseconds. */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY 0 /**< Determines slave latency in terms of connection events. */
#define SUPERVISION_TIMEOUT MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS) /**< Determines supervision time-out in units of 10 milliseconds. */
#define LEDBUTTON_BUTTON_PIN BSP_BUTTON_0 /**< Button that will write to the LED characteristic of the peer */
#define BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY APP_TIMER_TICKS(50) /**< Delay from a GPIOTE event until a button is reported as pushed (in number of timer ticks). */
#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG 1 /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */
#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO 3 /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */
NRF_BLE_SCAN_DEF(m_scan); /**< Scanning module instance. */
BLE_LBS_C_DEF(m_ble_lbs_c); /**< Main structure used by the LBS client module. */
NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt); /**< GATT module instance. */
BLE_DB_DISCOVERY_DEF(m_db_disc); /**< DB discovery module instance. */
//static char const m_target_periph_name[] = "Nordic_Blinky"; /**< Name of the device we try to connect to. This name is searched in the scan report data*/
#define SCAN_LIST_REFRESH_INTERVAL 10000 // 10 sec
static uint32_t device_number;
#define FOUND_DEVICE_REFRESH_TIME APP_TIMER_TICKS(SCAN_LIST_REFRESH_INTERVAL) /**< Time after which the device list is clean and refreshed. */
#define DEVICE_NAME_MAX_SIZE 20
#define DEVICE_TO_FIND_MAX 50
typedef struct
{
bool is_not_empty; /**< Indicates that the structure is not empty. */
uint16_t size; /**< Size of manuf data. */
uint8_t addr[BLE_GAP_ADDR_LEN]; /**< Device address. */
char dev_name[DEVICE_NAME_MAX_SIZE]; /**< Device name. */
uint8_t manuf_buffer[BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_DATA_SIZE_MAX]; /**< Buffer for storing an manuf data. */
} scanned_device_t;
void device_list_print(scanned_device_t * p_device);
scanned_device_t m_device[DEVICE_TO_FIND_MAX]; /**< Stores device info from scan data. */
void scan_device_info_clear(void)
{
memset(m_device, 0, sizeof(m_device));
device_number = 0;
}
/**@brief Function for printing the devices.
*
*@details Function print list of devices.
*
*
* @param[in] device Pointer to the struct storing the scanned devices.
*/
void device_list_print(scanned_device_t * p_device)
{
NRF_LOG_INFO("Devices found %d", device_number);
// We could now clear the list:
scan_device_info_clear();
}
scanned_device_t * scan_device_info_get(void)
{
return m_device;
}
typedef struct
{
uint8_t * p_data; /**< Pointer to data. */
uint16_t data_len; /**< Length of data. */
} data_t;
static void device_to_list_add(ble_gap_evt_adv_report_t const * p_adv_report)
{
uint8_t idx = 0;
uint16_t dev_name_offset = 0;
uint16_t field_len;
data_t adv_data;
// Initialize advertisement report for parsing
adv_data.p_data = (uint8_t *)p_adv_report->data.p_data;
adv_data.data_len = p_adv_report->data.len;
for ( idx = 0; idx < DEVICE_TO_FIND_MAX; idx++)
{
// If address is duplicated, then return.
if (memcmp(p_adv_report->peer_addr.addr,
m_device[idx].addr,
sizeof(p_adv_report->peer_addr.addr)) == 0)
{
return;
}
}
// Device is not in the list.
for (idx = 0; idx < DEVICE_TO_FIND_MAX; idx++)
{
if (!m_device[idx].is_not_empty) // We find an empty entry
{
device_number = device_number +1;
m_device[idx].is_not_empty = true; //validating the list record
memset(m_device[idx].addr,
0,
sizeof(p_adv_report->peer_addr.addr));
memcpy(m_device[idx].addr,
p_adv_report->peer_addr.addr,
sizeof(p_adv_report->peer_addr.addr));
return;
}
}
}
/**@brief Function to handle asserts in the SoftDevice.
*
* @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
*
* @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. You need to analyze
* how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
* @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
*
* @param[in] line_num Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
* @param[in] p_file_name File name of the failing ASSERT call.
*/
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
app_error_handler(0xDEADBEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}
/**@brief Function for the LEDs initialization.
*
* @details Initializes all LEDs used by the application.
*/
static void leds_init(void)
{
bsp_board_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS);
}
/**@brief Function to start scanning.
*/
static void scan_start(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = nrf_ble_scan_start(&m_scan);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
bsp_board_led_off(CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED);
bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);
}
/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
*
* @param[in] p_ble_evt Bluetooth stack event.
* @param[in] p_context Unused.
*/
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
// For readability.
ble_gap_evt_t const * p_gap_evt = &p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt;
switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
{
// Upon connection, check which peripheral has connected (HR or RSC), initiate DB
// discovery, update LEDs status and resume scanning if necessary. */
case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
{
NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected.");
// err_code = ble_lbs_c_handles_assign(&m_ble_lbs_c, p_gap_evt->conn_handle, NULL);
// APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
//
// err_code = ble_db_discovery_start(&m_db_disc, p_gap_evt->conn_handle);
// APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Update LEDs status, and check if we should be looking for more
// peripherals to connect to.
bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED);
bsp_board_led_off(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);
} break;
// Upon disconnection, reset the connection handle of the peer which disconnected, update
// the LEDs status and start scanning again.
case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
{
NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected.");
scan_start();
} break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_TIMEOUT:
{
// We have not specified a timeout for scanning, so only connection attemps can timeout.
if (p_gap_evt->params.timeout.src == BLE_GAP_TIMEOUT_SRC_CONN)
{
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Connection request timed out.");
}
} break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONN_PARAM_UPDATE_REQUEST:
{
// Accept parameters requested by peer.
err_code = sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update(p_gap_evt->conn_handle,
&p_gap_evt->params.conn_param_update_request.conn_params);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
{
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
{
.rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
.tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
};
err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
{
// Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Client Timeout.");
err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
{
// Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Server Timeout.");
err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
default:
// No implementation needed.
break;
}
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
*
* @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupts.
*/
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
// Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
uint32_t ram_start = 0;
err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Enable BLE stack.
err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Register a handler for BLE events.
NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}
/**@brief Function for handling events from the button handler module.
*
* @param[in] pin_no The pin that the event applies to.
* @param[in] button_action The button action (press/release).
*/
static void button_event_handler(uint8_t pin_no, uint8_t button_action)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
switch (pin_no)
{
case LEDBUTTON_BUTTON_PIN:
break;
default:
//APP_ERROR_HANDLER(pin_no);
break;
}
}
/**@brief Function for handling Scaning events.
*
* @param[in] p_scan_evt Scanning event.
*/
static void scan_evt_handler(scan_evt_t const * p_scan_evt)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
switch(p_scan_evt->scan_evt_id)
{
case NRF_BLE_SCAN_EVT_CONNECTING_ERROR:
err_code = p_scan_evt->params.connecting_err.err_code;
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
break;
case NRF_BLE_SCAN_EVT_NOT_FOUND:
device_to_list_add(p_scan_evt->params.p_not_found);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the button handler module.
*/
static void buttons_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
//The array must be static because a pointer to it will be saved in the button handler module.
static app_button_cfg_t buttons[] =
{
{LEDBUTTON_BUTTON_PIN, false, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler}
};
err_code = app_button_init(buttons, ARRAY_SIZE(buttons),
BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the log.
*/
static void log_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}
/**@brief Function for handling the list_timer event,
*/
static void adv_list_timer_handle(void * p_context)
{
// Print devices
scanned_device_t * p_device_list = scan_device_info_get();
device_list_print(p_device_list);
//scan_device_info_clear();
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the timer.
*/
static void timer_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = app_timer_init();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Timer for refreshing scanned devices data.
APP_TIMER_DEF(adv_list_timer);
err_code = app_timer_create(&adv_list_timer, APP_TIMER_MODE_REPEATED, adv_list_timer_handle);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
err_code = app_timer_start(adv_list_timer, FOUND_DEVICE_REFRESH_TIME, NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the Power manager. */
static void power_management_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
static void scan_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
nrf_ble_scan_init_t init_scan;
memset(&init_scan, 0, sizeof(init_scan));
init_scan.connect_if_match = false;
init_scan.conn_cfg_tag = APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG;
err_code = nrf_ble_scan_init(&m_scan, &init_scan, scan_evt_handler);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// // Setting filters for scanning.
// err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filters_enable(&m_scan, NRF_BLE_SCAN_NAME_FILTER, false);
// APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
//
// err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filter_set(&m_scan, SCAN_NAME_FILTER, m_target_periph_name);
// APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT module.
*/
static void gatt_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
*
* @details Handle any pending log operation(s), then sleep until the next event occurs.
*/
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
NRF_LOG_FLUSH();
nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
}
int main(void)
{
// Initialize.
log_init();
timer_init();
leds_init();
buttons_init();
power_management_init();
ble_stack_init();
scan_init();
gatt_init();
// Start execution.
NRF_LOG_INFO("BLE scanner example started, will print the number of devices found after %d seconds",SCAN_LIST_REFRESH_INTERVAL/1000);
scan_start();
// Turn on the LED to signal scanning.
bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);
// Enter main loop.
for (;;)
{
idle_state_handle();
}
}
Best regards
Jared.
Hi,
thanks a lot for this answer, it helped me a lot because I was looking for the same thing. I have one question though:
Where the device name is located? is it supposed to be sent within an adv packet? According to the "ble_gap_evt_adv_report_t" struct, its field "data" of type "ble_data_t" is the received adv or scan response data (ble_gap.h file). The struct "ble_data_t" contains a uint8_t pointer and a uint16_t length. Is the device name located in there? I'm doing this inside the function "device_to_list_add()", when a device is not in the list:
uint8_t * aux = p_adv_report->data.p_data;
uint16_t aux_len = p_adv_report->data.len;
uint8_t aux_array[100] = {};
memcpy(aux_array,aux,aux_len);
printf("Adv Data %x\r\n",aux_array);
Thanks a lot for your help
Hi,
thanks a lot for this answer, it helped me a lot because I was looking for the same thing. I have one question though:
Where the device name is located? is it supposed to be sent within an adv packet? According to the "ble_gap_evt_adv_report_t" struct, its field "data" of type "ble_data_t" is the received adv or scan response data (ble_gap.h file). The struct "ble_data_t" contains a uint8_t pointer and a uint16_t length. Is the device name located in there? I'm doing this inside the function "device_to_list_add()", when a device is not in the list:
uint8_t * aux = p_adv_report->data.p_data;
uint16_t aux_len = p_adv_report->data.len;
uint8_t aux_array[100] = {};
memcpy(aux_array,aux,aux_len);
printf("Adv Data %x\r\n",aux_array);
Thanks a lot for your help