Merging LE Secure Connections Multirole Example and Ble App UART Example

[Anubhav]

Hi,

I am working on a project where I need to send and receive ASCII strings from my Central Device to the Peripheral Device. Before the communication starts there should be a bonding (paring) between the devices. The nRF52840 DK is used as a peripheral device and nRF Toolbox is used as a central device.  After the bond is established the text should be encrypted using the AES algorithm. Finally, the text sent should be displayed using UART.

the bonding and paring are done in example LE Secure Connections Multirole and the UART is done in the example Ble App UART so I wanted to merge both the files. Can anyone help me with this?

The tools and software used are listed here:

NRF52840 DK

SDK 15.2.0

Segger embedded studio for coding

nRF Toolbox version 2.0

[Simon]

You don't need to merge the two examples completely, I would instead recommend you to add the security related functionality to the BLE App UART example. In addition I don't think the nRF Toolbox supports bonding with the BLE UART example. You should use nRF Connect (for phone) instead.

I would recommend you to take a look at the Peer Manager, which is a library that can be used to manage BLE Security. If you take a look at the different Message Sequence Charts for LESC Pairing, you can see that pairing consist of a set of events and replies. The Peer Manager will handle most of this for you.  

In order to initialize the Peer Manager you have to execute the three steps explained in this link. Then, depending on the pairing method, you have to set the Security Parameters accordingly. 

Choose pairing method and set security parameters

The LE Secure Connections Multirole examples uses the pairing method Numeric Comparison, but you have other choices, such as Numeric comparison, Out of Band, Passkey Entry and Just works. Check out this link on how to set the security parameters for the different pairing methods.

Initialize the Peer manager

In order to initialize the Peer Manager you have to run the three steps, as explained here:

• "Call pm_init once to initialize the module"
• "Call pm_sec_params_set to set the security parameter"
• "Subscribe to the Peer Manager events by calling pm_register."

Include functionality depending on pairing method

Depending on the pairing method, different functionality must be implemented. E.g. if you want to use Numeric Comparison, you need a way of displaying the comparison numbers when receiving BLE_GAP_EVT_PASSKEY_DISPLAY, and also functionality to press a button and respond with sd_ble_gap_auth_key_reply(). This will make more sense of you look at the Message sequence chart for Numeric Comparison. The function nrf_ble_lesc_request_handler() should run regularly in the main loop (Take a look at the The LESC Multirole example on where to put it).

If you want me to go through any of the other pairing methods, please ask. 

Remove BLE event replies from the BLE App UART examples

The ble app uart example includes a ble_evt_handler(), which will receive and reply to BLE events, including some that will interfere with the Peer Manager and the pairing process. You should comment out the replies to these events: BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST and BLE_GATTS_EVT_SYS_ATTR_MISSING.

I may have forgotten something, but this should be a good start. Please ask if anything is unclear.

Best regards,

Simon

[Anubhav]

Thank You for explaining the initial steps.

I have included the peer manager function in my UART example with numeric comparison security features.
When I try to connect my nRF board with the new UART example( including security features) it shows connected initially but while bonding and pairing it throws an error stating:

ERROR: (0x16): GATT CONN TERMINATED LOCAL HOST.

The screenshort of the nRF Toolbox app UART logs is attached below:

As you told me previously that nRF toolbox doesn't support BONDING and PAIRING so I tried to connect using the nRF Connect App but still I am getting the same Error.

Am I missing anything If so please help me!

[Anubhav]

#include "sdk_common.h"
#include "ble_nus.h"
#include "nrf.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "app_uart.h"
#include "app_util_platform.h"
#include "sdk_config.h"
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "peer_manager.h"
#include "peer_manager_handler.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "bsp_btn_ble.h"
#include "ble.h"
#include "app_util.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "ble_db_discovery.h"
#include "ble_hrs.h"
#include "ble_hrs_c.h"
#include "ble_conn_state.h"
#include "fds.h"
#include "nrf_crypto.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_lesc.h"
#include "nrf_ble_qwr.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_scan.h"

#if defined (UART_PRESENT)
#include "nrf_uart.h"
#endif
#if defined (UARTE_PRESENT)
#include "nrf_uarte.h"
#endif

#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"


#define UART_TX_BUF_SIZE                256                                         /**< UART TX buffer size. */
#define UART_RX_BUF_SIZE                256                                         /**< UART RX buffer size. */
static uint16_t   m_conn_handle          = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;                 /**< Handle of the current connection. */
static uint16_t   m_ble_nus_max_data_len = BLE_GATT_ATT_MTU_DEFAULT - 3;            /**< Maximum length of data (in bytes) that can be transmitted to the peer by the Nordic UART service module. */

#define LESC_DEBUG_MODE                 0                                               /**< Set to 1 to use the LESC debug keys. The debug mode allows you to use a sniffer to inspect traffic. */
#define LESC_MITM_NC                    1                                               /**< Use MITM (Numeric Comparison). */

/** @brief The maximum number of peripheral and central links combined. */
#define NRF_BLE_LINK_COUNT              (NRF_SDH_BLE_PERIPHERAL_LINK_COUNT + NRF_SDH_BLE_CENTRAL_LINK_COUNT)

#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG            1                                               /**< Tag that identifies the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */
#define DEVICE_NAME                     "Anubhav Kumar"                               /**< Name of device. Will be included in the advertising data. */
#define NUS_SERVICE_UUID_TYPE           BLE_UUID_TYPE_VENDOR_BEGIN                  /**< UUID type for the Nordic UART Service (vendor specific). */
#define CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED            BSP_BOARD_LED_0
#define CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED           BSP_BOARD_LED_1
#define PERIPHERAL_ADVERTISING_LED      BSP_BOARD_LED_2
#define PERIPHERAL_CONNECTED_LED        BSP_BOARD_LED_3

#define SCAN_DURATION                   0x0000                                          /**< Duration of the scanning in units of 10 milliseconds. If set to 0x0000, scanning continues until it is explicitly disabled. */
#define APP_ADV_INTERVAL                64                                          /**< The advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms. This value corresponds to 40 ms). */
#define APP_ADV_DURATION                18000                                           /**< The advertising duration (180 seconds) in units of 10 milliseconds. */

#define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(20, UNIT_1_25_MS)             /**< Minimum acceptable connection interval (20 ms), Connection interval uses 1.25 ms units. */
#define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(75, UNIT_1_25_MS)             /**< Maximum acceptable connection interval (75 ms), Connection interval uses 1.25 ms units. */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY                   0                                           /**< Slave latency. */
#define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT                MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS)             /**< Connection supervisory timeout (4 seconds), Supervision Timeout uses 10 ms units. */
#define SEC_PARAMS_BOND                 1                                               /**< Perform bonding. */
#if LESC_MITM_NC
#define SEC_PARAMS_MITM                 1                                               /**< Man In The Middle protection required. */
#define SEC_PARAMS_IO_CAPABILITIES      BLE_GAP_IO_CAPS_DISPLAY_YESNO                   /**< Display Yes/No to force Numeric Comparison. */
#else
#define SEC_PARAMS_MITM                 0                                               /**< Man In The Middle protection required. */
#define SEC_PARAMS_IO_CAPABILITIES      BLE_GAP_IO_CAPS_NONE                            /**< No I/O caps. */
#endif
#define SEC_PARAMS_LESC                 1                                               /**< LE Secure Connections pairing required. */
#define SEC_PARAMS_KEYPRESS             0                                               /**< Keypress notifications not required. */
#define SEC_PARAMS_OOB                  0                                               /**< Out Of Band data not available. */
#define SEC_PARAMS_MIN_KEY_SIZE         7                                               /**< Minimum encryption key size in octets. */
#define SEC_PARAMS_MAX_KEY_SIZE         16                                              /**< Maximum encryption key size in octets. */

#define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY  APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000)                           /**< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (5 seconds). */
#define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY   APP_TIMER_TICKS(30000)                          /**< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (30 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT    3                                               /**< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation. */

/**@brief   Priority of the application BLE event handler.
 * @note    There is no need to modify this value.
 */
#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO           3


typedef struct
{
    bool           is_connected;
    ble_gap_addr_t address;
} conn_peer_t;

BLE_NUS_DEF(m_nus, NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT); 
BLE_HRS_DEF(m_hrs);                                                         /**< Heart Rate Service instance. */
BLE_HRS_C_DEF(m_hrs_c);                                                     /**< Structure used to identify the Heart Rate client module. */
NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt);                                                   /**< GATT module instance. */
NRF_BLE_QWRS_DEF(m_qwr, NRF_SDH_BLE_TOTAL_LINK_COUNT);                      /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/
BLE_ADVERTISING_DEF(m_advertising);                                         /**< Advertising module instance. */
BLE_DB_DISCOVERY_DEF(m_db_disc);                                            /**< Database discovery module instance. */
NRF_BLE_SCAN_DEF(m_scan);                                                   /**< Scanning Module instance. */

static uint16_t           m_conn_handle_hrs_c                = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;  /**< Connection handle for the HRS central application. */
static volatile uint16_t  m_conn_handle_num_comp_central     = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;  /**< Connection handle for the central that needs a numeric comparison button press. */
static volatile uint16_t  m_conn_handle_num_comp_peripheral  = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;  /**< Connection handle for the peripheral that needs a numeric comparison button press. */

static conn_peer_t        m_connected_peers[NRF_BLE_LINK_COUNT];                         /**< Array of connected peers. */

static char * roles_str[] =
{
    "INVALID_ROLE",
    "PERIPHERAL",
    "CENTRAL",
};

/**@brief Names that the central application scans for, and that are advertised by the peripherals.
 *  If these are set to empty strings, the UUIDs defined below are used.
 */
static const char m_target_periph_name[] = "";


/**@brief UUIDs that the central application scans for if the name above is set to an empty string,
 * and that are to be advertised by the peripherals.
 */
static ble_uuid_t m_adv_uuids[] = {//{BLE_UUID_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,         BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE},
                                   //{BLE_UUID_RUNNING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE,  BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE}
                                   {BLE_UUID_NUS_SERVICE, NUS_SERVICE_UUID_TYPE}};

                                   
/**@brief Function for handling asserts in the SoftDevice
 *
 * @details This function is called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @warning This handler is an example only and is not meant for the final product. You need to analyze
 *          how your product is supposed to react in case of assert.
 * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
 *
 * @param[in] line_num     Line number of the failing assert call.
 * @param[in] p_file_name  File name of the failing assert call.
 */
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    app_error_handler(0xDEADBEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}


/**@brief Function for handling an event from the Connection Parameters Module.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all events in the Connection Parameters Module
 *          which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @note All this function does is to disconnect. This could have been done by simply setting
 *       the disconnect_on_fail config parameter, but instead we use the event handler
 *       mechanism to demonstrate its use.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Event received from the Connection Parameters Module.
 */
static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
    {
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling errors from the Connection Parameters module.
 *
 * @param[in] nrf_error  Error code that contains information about what went wrong.
 */
static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Scanning Module events.
*/
static void scan_evt_handler(scan_evt_t const * p_scan_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    switch(p_scan_evt->scan_evt_id)
    {
        case NRF_BLE_SCAN_EVT_CONNECTING_ERROR:
        {
            err_code = p_scan_evt->params.connecting_err.err_code;
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the scanning and setting the filters.
*/
static void scan_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t          err_code;
    ble_uuid_t          target_uuid = 
    {
        .uuid = BLE_UUID_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
        .type = BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE
    };
    nrf_ble_scan_init_t init_scan;

    memset(&init_scan, 0, sizeof(init_scan));

    init_scan.connect_if_match = true;
    init_scan.conn_cfg_tag     = APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG;

    err_code = nrf_ble_scan_init(&m_scan, &init_scan, scan_evt_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    if (strlen(m_target_periph_name) != 0)
    {
        err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filter_set(&m_scan, 
                                           SCAN_NAME_FILTER, 
                                           m_target_periph_name);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }

    err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filter_set(&m_scan, 
                                       SCAN_UUID_FILTER, 
                                       &target_uuid);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filters_enable(&m_scan, 
                                           NRF_BLE_SCAN_NAME_FILTER | NRF_BLE_SCAN_UUID_FILTER, 
                                           false);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the scanning.

static void scan_start(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_ble_scan_start(&m_scan);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Scanning");
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the advertising and the scanning.
 */
static void adv_scan_start(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    //scan_start();

    // Turn on the LED to signal scanning.
   // bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);

    // Start advertising.
    err_code = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Advertising");
}


/**@brief Function for handling Peer Manager events.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Peer Manager event.
 */
static void pm_evt_handler(pm_evt_t const * p_evt)
{
    pm_handler_on_pm_evt(p_evt);
    pm_handler_disconnect_on_sec_failure(p_evt);
    pm_handler_flash_clean(p_evt);

    switch (p_evt->evt_id)
    {
        case PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED:
            adv_scan_start();
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for changing filter settings after establishing the connection.
 */
static void filter_settings_change(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_ble_scan_all_filter_remove(&m_scan);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    if (strlen(m_target_periph_name) != 0)
    {
        err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filter_set(&m_scan, 
                                           SCAN_NAME_FILTER, 
                                           m_target_periph_name);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


/**@brief Handles events coming from the Heart Rate central module.

static void hrs_c_evt_handler(ble_hrs_c_t * p_hrs_c, ble_hrs_c_evt_t * p_hrs_c_evt)
{
    switch (p_hrs_c_evt->evt_type)
    {
        case BLE_HRS_C_EVT_DISCOVERY_COMPLETE:
        {
            if (m_conn_handle_hrs_c == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                ret_code_t err_code;

                m_conn_handle_hrs_c = p_hrs_c_evt->conn_handle;

                // We do not want to connect to two peripherals offering the same service, so when
                // a UUID is matched, we check whether we are not already connected to a peer which
                // offers the same service
                filter_settings_change();

                NRF_LOG_INFO("CENTRAL: HRS discovered on conn_handle 0x%x",
                             m_conn_handle_hrs_c);

                err_code = ble_hrs_c_handles_assign(p_hrs_c,
                                                    m_conn_handle_hrs_c,
                                                    &p_hrs_c_evt->params.peer_db);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

                // Heart rate service discovered. Enable notification of Heart Rate Measurement.
                err_code = ble_hrs_c_hrm_notif_enable(p_hrs_c);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
        } break; // BLE_HRS_C_EVT_DISCOVERY_COMPLETE

        case BLE_HRS_C_EVT_HRM_NOTIFICATION:
        {
            NRF_LOG_INFO("CENTRAL: Heart Rate = %d", p_hrs_c_evt->params.hrm.hr_value);
        } break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for checking whether a link already exists with a newly connected peer.
 *
 * @details This function checks whether the newly connected device is already connected.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_connected_evt Bluetooth connected event.
 * @return                      True if the peer's address is found in the list of connected peers,
 *                              false otherwise.
 */
static bool is_already_connected(ble_gap_addr_t const * p_connected_adr)
{
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < NRF_BLE_LINK_COUNT; i++)
    {
        if (m_connected_peers[i].is_connected)
        {
            if (m_connected_peers[i].address.addr_type == p_connected_adr->addr_type)
            {
                if (memcmp(m_connected_peers[i].address.addr,
                           p_connected_adr->addr,
                           sizeof(m_connected_peers[i].address.addr)) == 0)
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}


/** @brief Function for handling a numeric comparison match request. */
static void on_match_request(uint16_t conn_handle, uint8_t role)
{
    // Mark the appropriate conn_handle as pending. The rest is handled on button press.
    NRF_LOG_INFO("Press Button 1 to confirm, Button 2 to reject");
    if (role == BLE_GAP_ROLE_CENTRAL)
    {
        m_conn_handle_num_comp_central = conn_handle;
    }
    else if (role == BLE_GAP_ROLE_PERIPH)
    {
        m_conn_handle_num_comp_peripheral = conn_handle;
    }
}





/**@brief Function for assigning new connection handle to the available instance of QWR module.
 *
 * @param[in] conn_handle New connection handle.
 */
static void multi_qwr_conn_handle_assign(uint16_t conn_handle)
{
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < NRF_BLE_LINK_COUNT; i++)
    {
        if (m_qwr[i].conn_handle == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
        {
            ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr[i], conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;
        }
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling BLE Stack events that are common to both the central and peripheral roles.
 * @param[in] conn_handle Connection Handle.
 * @param[in] p_ble_evt  Bluetooth stack event.
 */
static void on_ble_evt(uint16_t conn_handle, ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt)
{
    char        passkey[BLE_GAP_PASSKEY_LEN + 1];
    uint16_t    role = ble_conn_state_role(conn_handle);

    pm_handler_secure_on_connection(p_ble_evt);

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            m_connected_peers[conn_handle].is_connected = true;
            m_connected_peers[conn_handle].address = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.connected.peer_addr;
            multi_qwr_conn_handle_assign(conn_handle);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            memset(&m_connected_peers[conn_handle], 0x00, sizeof(m_connected_peers[0]));
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("%s: BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST", nrf_log_push(roles_str[role]));
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PASSKEY_DISPLAY:
            memcpy(passkey, p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.passkey_display.passkey, BLE_GAP_PASSKEY_LEN);
            passkey[BLE_GAP_PASSKEY_LEN] = 0x00;
            NRF_LOG_INFO("%s: BLE_GAP_EVT_PASSKEY_DISPLAY: passkey=%s match_req=%d",
                         nrf_log_push(roles_str[role]),
                         nrf_log_push(passkey),
                         p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.passkey_display.match_request);

            if (p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.passkey_display.match_request)
            {
                on_match_request(conn_handle, role);
            }
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_AUTH_KEY_REQUEST:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("%s: BLE_GAP_EVT_AUTH_KEY_REQUEST", nrf_log_push(roles_str[role]));
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_LESC_DHKEY_REQUEST:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("%s: BLE_GAP_EVT_LESC_DHKEY_REQUEST", nrf_log_push(roles_str[role]));
            break;

         case BLE_GAP_EVT_AUTH_STATUS:
             NRF_LOG_INFO("%s: BLE_GAP_EVT_AUTH_STATUS: status=0x%x bond=0x%x lv4: %d kdist_own:0x%x kdist_peer:0x%x",
                          nrf_log_push(roles_str[role]),
                          p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.auth_status.auth_status,
                          p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.auth_status.bonded,
                          p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.auth_status.sm1_levels.lv4,
                          *((uint8_t *)&p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.auth_status.kdist_own),
                          *((uint8_t *)&p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.auth_status.kdist_peer));
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
            ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
            {
                .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
            };
            ret_code_t err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling BLE Stack events that are related to central application.
 *
 * @details This function keeps the connection handles of central application up-to-date. It
 * parses scanning reports, initiates a connection attempt to peripherals when a target UUID
 * is found, and manages connection parameter update requests. Additionally, it updates the status
 * of LEDs used to report the central application's activity.
 *
 * @note        Since this function updates connection handles, @ref BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED events
 *              must be dispatched to the target application before invoking this function.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 
static void on_ble_central_evt(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt)
{
    ble_gap_evt_t const * p_gap_evt = &p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt;
    ret_code_t            err_code;

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        // Upon connection, check which peripheral is connected (HR or RSC), initiate DB
        //  discovery, update LEDs status, and resume scanning, if necessary.
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
        {
            NRF_LOG_INFO("CENTRAL: Connected, handle: %d.", p_gap_evt->conn_handle);
            // If no Heart Rate Sensor is currently connected, try to find them on this peripheral.
            if (m_conn_handle_hrs_c == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                NRF_LOG_INFO("CENTRAL: Searching for HRS on conn_handle 0x%x", p_gap_evt->conn_handle);

                err_code = ble_db_discovery_start(&m_db_disc, p_gap_evt->conn_handle);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            // Update status of LEDs.
            bsp_board_led_off(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);
            bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED);
        } break; // BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED

        // Upon disconnection, reset the connection handle of the peer that disconnected, update
        // the status of LEDs, and start scanning again.
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
        {
            NRF_LOG_INFO("CENTRAL: Disconnected, handle: %d, reason: 0x%x",
                         p_gap_evt->conn_handle,
                       p_gap_evt->params.disconnected.reason);

            // Update the status of LEDs.
            bsp_board_led_off(CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED);
            bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);

            if (p_gap_evt->conn_handle == m_conn_handle_hrs_c)
            {
                ble_uuid_t target_uuid = {.uuid = BLE_UUID_HEART_RATE_SERVICE, .type = BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE};
                m_conn_handle_hrs_c    = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;

                err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filter_set(&m_scan, 
                                                   SCAN_UUID_FILTER, 
                                                   &target_uuid);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            
            scan_start();
        } break; // BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_TIMEOUT:
        {
            // Timeout for scanning is not specified, so only connection attemps can time out.
            if (p_gap_evt->params.timeout.src == BLE_GAP_TIMEOUT_SRC_CONN)
            {
                NRF_LOG_DEBUG("CENTRAL: Connection Request timed out.");
            }
        } break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONN_PARAM_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
            // Accept parameters requested by peer.
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update(p_gap_evt->conn_handle,
                                        &p_gap_evt->params.conn_param_update_request.conn_params);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("CENTRAL: GATT Client Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("CENTRAL: GATT Server Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling BLE Stack events that involves peripheral applications. Manages the
 * LEDs used to report the status of the peripheral applications.
 *
 * @param[in] p_ble_evt  Bluetooth stack event.
 */
static void on_ble_peripheral_evt(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("PERIPHERAL: Connected, handle %d.", p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle);
            bsp_board_led_off(PERIPHERAL_ADVERTISING_LED);
            bsp_board_led_on(PERIPHERAL_CONNECTED_LED);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("PERIPHERAL: Disconnected, handle %d, reason 0x%x.",
                         p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle,
                         p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.disconnected.reason);
            // LED indication will be changed when advertising starts.
        break;

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PERIPHERAL: GATT Client Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PERIPHERAL: GATT Server Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling advertising events.
 *
 * @param[in] ble_adv_evt  Advertising event.
 */
static void on_adv_evt(ble_adv_evt_t ble_adv_evt)
{
    switch (ble_adv_evt)
    {
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST:
            bsp_board_led_on(PERIPHERAL_ADVERTISING_LED);
            bsp_board_led_off(PERIPHERAL_CONNECTED_LED);
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_IDLE:
        {
            ret_code_t err_code = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}

/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.

static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_CONNECTED);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            m_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected");
            // LED indication will be changed when advertising starts.
            m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
            ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
            {
                .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
            };
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST:
            // Pairing not supported
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_sec_params_reply(m_conn_handle, BLE_GAP_SEC_STATUS_PAIRING_NOT_SUPP, NULL, NULL);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_SYS_ATTR_MISSING:
            // No system attributes have been stored.
            err_code = sd_ble_gatts_sys_attr_set(m_conn_handle, NULL, 0, 0);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}

/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.
*/ 
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
    uint16_t conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
    uint16_t role        = ble_conn_state_role(conn_handle);

    if (    (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id == BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED)
        &&  (is_already_connected(&p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.params.connected.peer_addr)))
    {
        NRF_LOG_INFO("%s: Already connected to this device as %s (handle: %d), disconnecting.",
                     (role == BLE_GAP_ROLE_PERIPH) ? "PERIPHERAL" : "CENTRAL",
                     (role == BLE_GAP_ROLE_PERIPH) ? "CENTRAL"    : "PERIPHERAL",
                     conn_handle);

        (void)sd_ble_gap_disconnect(conn_handle, BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);

        // Do not process the event further.
        return;
    }

    on_ble_evt(conn_handle, p_ble_evt);

    if (role == BLE_GAP_ROLE_PERIPH)
    {
        // Manages peripheral LEDs.
        on_ble_peripheral_evt(p_ble_evt);
    }
/*    else if ((role == BLE_GAP_ROLE_CENTRAL) || (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id == BLE_GAP_EVT_ADV_REPORT))
    {
        on_ble_central_evt(p_ble_evt);
    }
*/
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Heart Rate Service client.
static void hrs_c_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t       err_code;
    ble_hrs_c_init_t hrs_c_init_obj;

    hrs_c_init_obj.evt_handler = hrs_c_evt_handler;

    err_code = ble_hrs_c_init(&m_hrs_c, &hrs_c_init_obj);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
 *
 * @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupts.
 */
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

     // Configure the BLE stack by using the default settings.
    // Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
    uint32_t ram_start = 0;
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Enable BLE stack.
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Register a handler for BLE events.
    NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Peer Manager. */
static void peer_manager_init(void)
{
    ble_gap_sec_params_t sec_params;
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = pm_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&sec_params, 0, sizeof(ble_gap_sec_params_t));

    // Security parameters to be used for all security procedures.
    sec_params.bond           = SEC_PARAMS_BOND;
    sec_params.mitm           = SEC_PARAMS_MITM;
    sec_params.lesc           = SEC_PARAMS_LESC;
    sec_params.keypress       = SEC_PARAMS_KEYPRESS;
    sec_params.io_caps        = SEC_PARAMS_IO_CAPABILITIES;
    sec_params.oob            = SEC_PARAMS_OOB;
    sec_params.min_key_size   = SEC_PARAMS_MIN_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_params.max_key_size   = SEC_PARAMS_MAX_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_params.kdist_own.enc  = 1;
    sec_params.kdist_own.id   = 1;
    sec_params.kdist_peer.enc = 1;
    sec_params.kdist_peer.id  = 1;

    err_code = pm_sec_params_set(&sec_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = pm_register(pm_evt_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/** @brief Delete all data stored for all peers. */
static void delete_bonds(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Erase bonds!");

    err_code = pm_peers_delete();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/** @brief Function for accepting or rejecting a numeric comparison. */
static void num_comp_reply(uint16_t conn_handle, bool accept)
{
    uint8_t    key_type;
    ret_code_t err_code;

    if (accept)
    {
        NRF_LOG_INFO("Numeric Match. Conn handle: %d", conn_handle);
        key_type = BLE_GAP_AUTH_KEY_TYPE_PASSKEY;
    }
    else
    {
        NRF_LOG_INFO("Numeric REJECT. Conn handle: %d", conn_handle);
        key_type = BLE_GAP_AUTH_KEY_TYPE_NONE;
    }

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_auth_key_reply(conn_handle,
                                         key_type,
                                         NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/** @brief Function for handling button presses for numeric comparison match requests. */
static void on_num_comp_button_press(bool accept)
{
    // Check whether any links have pending match requests, and if so, send a reply.
    if (m_conn_handle_num_comp_central != BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
    {
        num_comp_reply(m_conn_handle_num_comp_central, accept);
        m_conn_handle_num_comp_central = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
    }
    else if (m_conn_handle_num_comp_peripheral != BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
    {
        num_comp_reply(m_conn_handle_num_comp_peripheral, accept);
        m_conn_handle_num_comp_peripheral = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from the BSP module.
 *
 * @param[in]   event   Event generated by button press.
 */
static void bsp_event_handler(bsp_event_t event)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    switch (event)
    {
        case BSP_EVENT_KEY_0:
            /*err_code = ble_hrs_heart_rate_measurement_send(&m_hrs, 87);
            if ((err_code != NRF_SUCCESS) &&
                (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE) &&
                (err_code != NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES) &&
                (err_code != NRF_ERROR_BUSY) &&
                (err_code != BLE_ERROR_GATTS_SYS_ATTR_MISSING)
                )
            {
                APP_ERROR_HANDLER(err_code);
            }*/

            on_num_comp_button_press(true);
            break;

      case BSP_EVENT_KEY_1:
            on_num_comp_button_press(false);
            break;

      case BSP_EVENT_DISCONNECT:
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
            {
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            break;

      case BSP_EVENT_WHITELIST_OFF:
            if (m_conn_handle == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                err_code = ble_advertising_restart_without_whitelist(&m_advertising);
                if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
                {
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing buttons and LEDs.
 *
 * @param[out] p_erase_bonds  True if the clear bonding button is pressed to
 *                            wake the application up. False otherwise.
 */
static void buttons_leds_init(bool * p_erase_bonds)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    bsp_event_t startup_event;

    err_code = bsp_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS | BSP_INIT_BUTTONS, bsp_event_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_init(NULL, &startup_event);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    *p_erase_bonds = (startup_event == BSP_EVENT_CLEAR_BONDING_DATA);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the GAP.
 *
 * @details This function sets up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of the
 *          device, including the device name, appearance, and the preferred connection parameters.
 */
static void gap_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t              err_code;
    ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
    ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                          (const uint8_t *)DEVICE_NAME,
                                          strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));

    gap_conn_params = m_scan.conn_params;

    gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
    gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@brief Function for handling events from the GATT library. */
void gatt_evt_handler(nrf_ble_gatt_t * p_gatt, nrf_ble_gatt_evt_t const * p_evt)
{
    if ((m_conn_handle == p_evt->conn_handle) && (p_evt->evt_id == NRF_BLE_GATT_EVT_ATT_MTU_UPDATED))
    {
        m_ble_nus_max_data_len = p_evt->params.att_mtu_effective - OPCODE_LENGTH - HANDLE_LENGTH;
        NRF_LOG_INFO("Data len is set to 0x%X(%d)", m_ble_nus_max_data_len, m_ble_nus_max_data_len);
    }
    NRF_LOG_DEBUG("ATT MTU exchange completed. central 0x%x peripheral 0x%x",
                  p_gatt->att_mtu_desired_central,
                  p_gatt->att_mtu_desired_periph);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT library. */
void gatt_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, gatt_evt_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_att_mtu_periph_set(&m_gatt, NRF_SDH_BLE_GATT_MAX_MTU_SIZE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
 *
 * @details A pointer to this function is passed to each service that may need to inform the
 *          application about an error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Queued Write instances.
 */
static void qwr_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t         err_code;
    nrf_ble_qwr_init_t qwr_init_obj = {0};

    qwr_init_obj.error_handler = nrf_qwr_error_handler;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < NRF_BLE_LINK_COUNT; i++)
    {
        err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr[i], &qwr_init_obj);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module. */
static void conn_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t             err_code;
    ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;

    memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));

    cp_init.p_conn_params                  = NULL;
    cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay  = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count   = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
    cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle    = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID; // Start upon connection.
    cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = false;//true
    cp_init.evt_handler                    = on_conn_params_evt;//NULL;  // Ignore events.
    cp_init.error_handler                  = conn_params_error_handler;

    err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling database discovery events.
 *
 * @details This function is a callback function to handle events from the database discovery module.
 *          Depending on the UUIDs that are discovered, this function forwards the events
 *          to their respective services.
 *
 * @param[in] p_event  Pointer to the database discovery event.
*/
static void db_disc_handler(ble_db_discovery_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    ble_hrs_on_db_disc_evt(&m_hrs_c, p_evt);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the database discovery module. */
static void db_discovery_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = ble_db_discovery_init(db_disc_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Heart Rate service. 
static void hrs_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t     err_code;
    ble_hrs_init_t hrs_init_params;
    uint8_t        body_sensor_location;

    // Initialize the Heart Rate Service.
    body_sensor_location = BLE_HRS_BODY_SENSOR_LOCATION_FINGER;

    memset(&hrs_init_params, 0, sizeof(hrs_init_params));

    hrs_init_params.evt_handler                 = NULL;
    hrs_init_params.is_sensor_contact_supported = true;
    hrs_init_params.p_body_sensor_location      = &body_sensor_location;

    // Require LESC with MITM (Numeric Comparison).
    hrs_init_params.hrm_cccd_wr_sec = SEC_MITM;
    hrs_init_params.bsl_rd_sec      = SEC_MITM;

    err_code = ble_hrs_init(&m_hrs, &hrs_init_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

/**@snippet [Handling the data received over BLE] */

/**@brief Function for handling the data from the Nordic UART Service.
 *
 * @details This function will process the data received from the Nordic UART BLE Service and send
 *          it to the UART module.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt       Nordic UART Service event.
 */
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over BLE] */


static void nus_data_handler(ble_nus_evt_t * p_evt)
{

    if (p_evt->type == BLE_NUS_EVT_RX_DATA)
    {
        uint32_t err_code;

        NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Received data from BLE NUS. Writing data on UART.");
        NRF_LOG_HEXDUMP_DEBUG(p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data, p_evt->params.rx_data.length);

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_evt->params.rx_data.length; i++)
        {
            do
            {
                err_code = app_uart_put(p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data[i]);
                if ((err_code != NRF_SUCCESS) && (err_code != NRF_ERROR_BUSY))
                {
                    NRF_LOG_ERROR("Failed receiving NUS message. Error 0x%x. ", err_code);
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            } while (err_code == NRF_ERROR_BUSY);
        }
        if (p_evt->params.rx_data.p_data[p_evt->params.rx_data.length - 1] == '\r')
        {
            while (app_uart_put('\n') == NRF_ERROR_BUSY);
        }
    }

}
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over BLE] */


/**@brief Function for initializing services that will be used by the application.
 */
static void services_init(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code;
    ble_nus_init_t     nus_init;

    // Initialize NUS.
    memset(&nus_init, 0, sizeof(nus_init));

    nus_init.data_handler = nus_data_handler;

    err_code = ble_nus_init(&m_nus, &nus_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief   Function for handling app_uart events.
 *
 * @details This function will receive a single character from the app_uart module and append it to
 *          a string. The string will be be sent over BLE when the last character received was a
 *          'new line' '\n' (hex 0x0A) or if the string has reached the maximum data length.
 */
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over UART] */
void uart_event_handle(app_uart_evt_t * p_event)
{
    static uint8_t data_array[BLE_NUS_MAX_DATA_LEN];
    static uint8_t index = 0;
    uint32_t       err_code;

    switch (p_event->evt_type)
    {
        case APP_UART_DATA_READY:
            UNUSED_VARIABLE(app_uart_get(&data_array[index]));
            index++;

            if ((data_array[index - 1] == '\n') ||
                (data_array[index - 1] == '\r') ||
                (index >= m_ble_nus_max_data_len))
            {
                if (index > 1)
                {
                    NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Ready to send data over BLE NUS");
                    NRF_LOG_HEXDUMP_DEBUG(data_array, index);

                    do
                    {
                        uint16_t length = (uint16_t)index;
                        err_code = ble_nus_data_send(&m_nus, data_array, &length, m_conn_handle);
                        if ((err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE) &&
                            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES) &&
                            (err_code != NRF_ERROR_NOT_FOUND))
                        {
                            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                        }
                    } while (err_code == NRF_ERROR_RESOURCES);
                }

                index = 0;
            }
            break;

        case APP_UART_COMMUNICATION_ERROR:
            APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_communication);
            break;

        case APP_UART_FIFO_ERROR:
            APP_ERROR_HANDLER(p_event->data.error_code);
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}
/**@snippet [Handling the data received over UART] */


/**@brief  Function for initializing the UART module.
 */
/**@snippet [UART Initialization] */
static void uart_init(void)
{
    uint32_t                     err_code;
    app_uart_comm_params_t const comm_params =
    {
        .rx_pin_no    = RX_PIN_NUMBER,
        .tx_pin_no    = TX_PIN_NUMBER,
        .rts_pin_no   = RTS_PIN_NUMBER,
        .cts_pin_no   = CTS_PIN_NUMBER,
        .flow_control = APP_UART_FLOW_CONTROL_DISABLED,
        .use_parity   = false,
#if defined (UART_PRESENT)
        .baud_rate    = NRF_UART_BAUDRATE_115200
#else
        .baud_rate    = NRF_UARTE_BAUDRATE_115200
#endif
    };

    APP_UART_FIFO_INIT(&comm_params,
                       UART_RX_BUF_SIZE,
                       UART_TX_BUF_SIZE,
                       uart_event_handle,
                       APP_IRQ_PRIORITY_LOWEST,
                       err_code);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@snippet [UART Initialization] */


/**@brief Function for initializing the advertising functionality. */
static void advertising_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t             err_code;
    ble_advertising_init_t init;

    memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));

    init.advdata.name_type               = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
    init.advdata.include_appearance      = false;// true
    init.advdata.flags                   = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_GENERAL_DISC_MODE;
    init.advdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
    init.advdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids  = m_adv_uuids;

    init.config.ble_adv_fast_enabled  = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_interval = APP_ADV_INTERVAL;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_timeout  = APP_ADV_DURATION;

    init.evt_handler = on_adv_evt;

    err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing logging. */
static void log_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the timer. */
static void timer_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = app_timer_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing power management.
 */
static void power_management_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
 *
 * @details Handles any pending log or key operations, or both, then sleeps until the next event occurs.
 */
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    
    err_code = nrf_ble_lesc_request_handler();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    
    if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
    {
        nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
    }
}


int main(void)
{
    bool erase_bonds;

    // Initialize.
    uart_init();
    log_init();
    timer_init();
    buttons_leds_init(&erase_bonds);
    power_management_init();
    ble_stack_init();
    scan_init();
    gap_params_init();
    gatt_init();
    services_init();
    advertising_init();
    conn_params_init();
    db_discovery_init();
    qwr_init();//
    //hrs_init();
    //hrs_c_init();
    peer_manager_init();//
    

    // Start execution.
    NRF_LOG_INFO("LE Secure Connections example started.");

    if (erase_bonds == true)
    {
        delete_bonds();
        // Scanning and advertising is started by PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCEEDED.
    }
    else
    {
        adv_scan_start();
    }

    // Enter main loop.
    for (;;)
    {
        idle_state_handle();
    }
}

This is the main.c file

[Anubhav]

This the ble_multirole_lesc example with UART facility integrated.

<info> app: LE Secure Connections example started.
<info> app: Advertising
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: Connected, handle 1.
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: BLE_GAP_EVT_AUTH_STATUS: status=0x1 bond=0x0 lv4: 0 kdist_own:0x0 kdist_peer:0x0
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: Disconnected, handle 1, reason 0x13.
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: Connected, handle 1.
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: BLE_GAP_EVT_AUTH_STATUS: status=0x1 bond=0x0 lv4: 0 kdist_own:0x0 kdist_peer:0x0
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: Disconnected, handle 1, reason 0x13.

This is the log from the chip.

[Anubhav]

Can you please help me with this problem?

[Simon]

I will take a look at it today/tomorrow.

[Anubhav]

Could you get time to look at the issue ??

[Simon]

I am looking at it right now

[Simon]

I was able to make it work. I didn't do any changes to your main file, I only modified sdk_config.h and added some .c and .h files to the project. Here is the result:

nRF Toolbox

<info> app: LE Secure Connections example started.
<info> app: Advertising
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: Connected, handle 1.
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: BLE_GAP_EVT_PASSKEY_DISPLAY: passkey=982962 match_req=0
<info> peer_manager_handler: Connection secured: role: Peripheral, conn_handle: 1, procedure: Bonding
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: BLE_GAP_EVT_AUTH_STATUS: status=0x0 bond=0x1 lv4: 0 kdist_own:0x3 kdist_peer:0x3

nRF Connect

<info> app: LE Secure Connections example started.
<info> app: Advertising
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: Connected, handle 1.
<info> peer_manager_handler: Connection security failed: role: Peripheral, conn_handle: 0x1, procedure: Encryption, error: 4102
<warning> peer_manager_handler: Disconnecting conn_handle 1.
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: Disconnected, handle 1, reason 0x16.
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: Connected, handle 1.
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: BLE_GAP_EVT_PASSKEY_DISPLAY: passkey=757912 match_req=0
<info> peer_manager_handler: Connection secured: role: Peripheral, conn_handle: 1, procedure: Bonding
<info> app: PERIPHERAL: BLE_GAP_EVT_AUTH_STATUS: status=0x0 bond=0x1 lv4: 0 kdist_own:0x3 kdist_peer:0x3

When I am using nRF Connect, I have to connect two times before it works, I am not sure why but can look into it.

I am not sure why your application fails, but could you test out the exact same project as me, and see if you get the same results? I have attached the project in zipped format.

ble_app_multirole_lesc_uart.zip

Best regards,

Simon

[Anubhav]

Thank You. I will try to run the file and let you know.

[Anubhav]

So, nRF Toolbox also supports bonding and pairing?

[Simon]

Yes it seems like it, I was wrong.

Did my project work?