Hello,
I wanted to test the range of long range bluetooth using two nRF52840 USB dongles with the blinky example firmware of the nordic SDK 15.3 combined with softdevice version 6.1.1.
All test were made outdoors at the same location with no physical obstructions.
I adapted the central part according this tutorial: https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/nordic/short-range-guides/b/getting-started/posts/nrf52840-dongle-programming-tutorial.
Using the examples with unchanged settings I archived an range of 100 meters which is comparable to my tests with other bluetooth devices (for example a smartphone with bluetooth 4.1) which was to be expected.
Using this range as a baseline I added the option to change the connection type in the peripheral part to coded phy using the sd_ble_gap_phy_update(m_conn_handle, &phys) with
ble_gap_phys_t phys = {
.tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_CODED,
.rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_CODED,
};
which is triggered by the dongle button. I tested both with setting 0 (auto) and 4 (coded phy) for NRF_BLE_SCAN_SCAN_PHY in the sdk_config.h of the central part.
To confirm that the connection type in peripheral is changed successfully I checked the return value for NRF_SUCCESS. When successful the advertising LED is set to on. Additionally I added a function call to the ble_evt_handler() in central changing the RGB LED color when a connection type change request was received and the type was changed successfully.
I tested changing the connection type to coded phy with the dongle button, which was successful according to the changed LED states on both dongles.
However when I tested the range I could not measure any improvements compared to my previous tests without coded phy.
Additionally I set the tx power to 8dbm with sd_ble_gap_tx_power_set(BLE_GAP_TX_POWER_ROLE_ADV, m_adv_handle, 8), again with no improvements.
Do you have any ideas what I am doing wrong here?
Thanks a lot
mort
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/**
* Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
* Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
* such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
* materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
/**
* Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
* Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
* such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
* materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
* software without specific prior written permission.
*
* 4. This software, with or without modification, must only be used with a
* Nordic Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit.
*
* 5. Any software provided in binary form under this license must not be reverse
* engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
* GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
*/
/**
* @brief BLE LED Button Service central and client application main file.
*
* This file contains the source code for a sample client application using the LED Button service.
*/
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "boards.h"
#include "bsp.h"
#include "bsp_btn_ble.h"
#include "ble.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "ble_db_discovery.h"
#include "ble_lbs_c.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_scan.h"
#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"
#define CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_0 /**< Scanning LED will be on when the device is scanning. */
#define CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_1 /**< Connected LED will be on when the device is connected. */
#define LEDBUTTON_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_2 /**< LED to indicate a change of state of the the Button characteristic on the peer. */
#define SCAN_INTERVAL 0x00A0 /**< Determines scan interval in units of 0.625 millisecond. */
#define SCAN_WINDOW 0x0050 /**< Determines scan window in units of 0.625 millisecond. */
#define SCAN_DURATION 0x0000 /**< Timout when scanning. 0x0000 disables timeout. */
#define MIN_CONNECTION_INTERVAL MSEC_TO_UNITS(7.5, UNIT_1_25_MS) /**< Determines minimum connection interval in milliseconds. */
#define MAX_CONNECTION_INTERVAL MSEC_TO_UNITS(30, UNIT_1_25_MS) /**< Determines maximum connection interval in milliseconds. */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY 0 /**< Determines slave latency in terms of connection events. */
#define SUPERVISION_TIMEOUT MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS) /**< Determines supervision time-out in units of 10 milliseconds. */
#define LEDBUTTON_BUTTON_PIN BSP_BUTTON_0 /**< Button that will write to the LED characteristic of the peer */
#define BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY APP_TIMER_TICKS(50) /**< Delay from a GPIOTE event until a button is reported as pushed (in number of timer ticks). */
#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG 1 /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */
#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO 3 /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */
NRF_BLE_SCAN_DEF(m_scan); /**< Scanning module instance. */
BLE_LBS_C_DEF(m_ble_lbs_c); /**< Main structure used by the LBS client module. */
NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt); /**< GATT module instance. */
BLE_DB_DISCOVERY_DEF(m_db_disc); /**< DB discovery module instance. */
static char const m_target_periph_name[] = "Nordic_Blinky"; /**< Name of the device we try to connect to. This name is searched in the scan report data*/
/**@brief Function to handle asserts in the SoftDevice.
*
* @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
*
* @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. You need to analyze
* how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
* @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
*
* @param[in] line_num Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
* @param[in] p_file_name File name of the failing ASSERT call.
*/
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
app_error_handler(0xDEADBEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}
/**@brief Function for the LEDs initialization.
*
* @details Initializes all LEDs used by the application.
*/
static void leds_init(void)
{
bsp_board_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS);
}
/**@brief Function to start scanning.
*/
static void scan_start(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = nrf_ble_scan_start(&m_scan);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
bsp_board_led_off(CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED);
bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);
}
/**@brief Handles events coming from the LED Button central module.
*/
static void lbs_c_evt_handler(ble_lbs_c_t * p_lbs_c, ble_lbs_c_evt_t * p_lbs_c_evt)
{
switch (p_lbs_c_evt->evt_type)
{
case BLE_LBS_C_EVT_DISCOVERY_COMPLETE:
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = ble_lbs_c_handles_assign(&m_ble_lbs_c,
p_lbs_c_evt->conn_handle,
&p_lbs_c_evt->params.peer_db);
NRF_LOG_INFO("LED Button service discovered on conn_handle 0x%x.", p_lbs_c_evt->conn_handle);
err_code = app_button_enable();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// LED Button service discovered. Enable notification of Button.
err_code = ble_lbs_c_button_notif_enable(p_lbs_c);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break; // BLE_LBS_C_EVT_DISCOVERY_COMPLETE
case BLE_LBS_C_EVT_BUTTON_NOTIFICATION:
{
NRF_LOG_INFO("Button state changed on peer to 0x%x.", p_lbs_c_evt->params.button.button_state);
if (p_lbs_c_evt->params.button.button_state)
{
bsp_board_led_on(LEDBUTTON_LED);
}
else
{
bsp_board_led_off(LEDBUTTON_LED);
}
} break; // BLE_LBS_C_EVT_BUTTON_NOTIFICATION
default:
// No implementation needed.
break;
}
}
/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
*
* @param[in] p_ble_evt Bluetooth stack event.
* @param[in] p_context Unused.
*/
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
// For readability.
ble_gap_evt_t const * p_gap_evt = &p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt;
switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
{
// Upon connection, check which peripheral has connected (HR or RSC), initiate DB
// discovery, update LEDs status and resume scanning if necessary. */
case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
{
NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected.");
err_code = ble_lbs_c_handles_assign(&m_ble_lbs_c, p_gap_evt->conn_handle, NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
err_code = ble_db_discovery_start(&m_db_disc, p_gap_evt->conn_handle);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Update LEDs status, and check if we should be looking for more
// peripherals to connect to.
bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_CONNECTED_LED);
bsp_board_led_off(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);
} break;
// Upon disconnection, reset the connection handle of the peer which disconnected, update
// the LEDs status and start scanning again.
case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
{
NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected.");
scan_start();
} break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_TIMEOUT:
{
// We have not specified a timeout for scanning, so only connection attemps can timeout.
if (p_gap_evt->params.timeout.src == BLE_GAP_TIMEOUT_SRC_CONN)
{
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("Connection request timed out.");
}
} break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONN_PARAM_UPDATE_REQUEST:
{
// Accept parameters requested by peer.
err_code = sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update(p_gap_evt->conn_handle,
&p_gap_evt->params.conn_param_update_request.conn_params);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
{
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
{
.rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
.tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
};
err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
if(err_code == NRF_SUCCESS){
bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);
}
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
{
// Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Client Timeout.");
err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
{
// Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Server Timeout.");
err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
default:
// No implementation needed.
break;
}
}
/**@brief LED Button client initialization.
*/
static void lbs_c_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
ble_lbs_c_init_t lbs_c_init_obj;
lbs_c_init_obj.evt_handler = lbs_c_evt_handler;
err_code = ble_lbs_c_init(&m_ble_lbs_c, &lbs_c_init_obj);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
*
* @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupts.
*/
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
// Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
uint32_t ram_start = 0;
err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Enable BLE stack.
err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Register a handler for BLE events.
NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}
/**@brief Function for handling events from the button handler module.
*
* @param[in] pin_no The pin that the event applies to.
* @param[in] button_action The button action (press/release).
*/
static void button_event_handler(uint8_t pin_no, uint8_t button_action)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
switch (pin_no)
{
case LEDBUTTON_BUTTON_PIN:
err_code = ble_lbs_led_status_send(&m_ble_lbs_c, button_action);
if (err_code != NRF_SUCCESS &&
err_code != BLE_ERROR_INVALID_CONN_HANDLE &&
err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
{
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
if (err_code == NRF_SUCCESS)
{
NRF_LOG_INFO("LBS write LED state %d", button_action);
}
break;
default:
APP_ERROR_HANDLER(pin_no);
break;
}
}
/**@brief Function for handling Scaning events.
*
* @param[in] p_scan_evt Scanning event.
*/
static void scan_evt_handler(scan_evt_t const * p_scan_evt)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
switch(p_scan_evt->scan_evt_id)
{
case NRF_BLE_SCAN_EVT_CONNECTING_ERROR:
err_code = p_scan_evt->params.connecting_err.err_code;
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the button handler module.
*/
static void buttons_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
//The array must be static because a pointer to it will be saved in the button handler module.
static app_button_cfg_t buttons[] =
{
{LEDBUTTON_BUTTON_PIN, false, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler}
};
err_code = app_button_init(buttons, ARRAY_SIZE(buttons),
BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for handling database discovery events.
*
* @details This function is callback function to handle events from the database discovery module.
* Depending on the UUIDs that are discovered, this function should forward the events
* to their respective services.
*
* @param[in] p_event Pointer to the database discovery event.
*/
static void db_disc_handler(ble_db_discovery_evt_t * p_evt)
{
ble_lbs_on_db_disc_evt(&m_ble_lbs_c, p_evt);
}
/**@brief Database discovery initialization.
*/
static void db_discovery_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = ble_db_discovery_init(db_disc_handler);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the log.
*/
static void log_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the timer.
*/
static void timer_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = app_timer_init();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the Power manager. */
static void power_management_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
static void scan_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
nrf_ble_scan_init_t init_scan;
memset(&init_scan, 0, sizeof(init_scan));
init_scan.connect_if_match = true;
init_scan.conn_cfg_tag = APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG;
err_code = nrf_ble_scan_init(&m_scan, &init_scan, scan_evt_handler);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Setting filters for scanning.
err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filters_enable(&m_scan, NRF_BLE_SCAN_NAME_FILTER, false);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
err_code = nrf_ble_scan_filter_set(&m_scan, SCAN_NAME_FILTER, m_target_periph_name);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT module.
*/
static void gatt_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
*
* @details Handle any pending log operation(s), then sleep until the next event occurs.
*/
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
NRF_LOG_FLUSH();
nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
}
int main(void)
{
// Initialize.
log_init();
timer_init();
leds_init();
buttons_init();
power_management_init();
ble_stack_init();
scan_init();
gatt_init();
db_discovery_init();
lbs_c_init();
// Start execution.
NRF_LOG_INFO("Blinky CENTRAL example started.");
scan_start();
// Turn on the LED to signal scanning.
bsp_board_led_on(CENTRAL_SCANNING_LED);
// Enter main loop.
for (;;)
{
idle_state_handle();
}
}
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/**
* Copyright (c) 2015 - 2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
* Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
* such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
* materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
/**
* Copyright (c) 2015 - 2019, Nordic Semiconductor ASA
*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form, except as embedded into a Nordic
* Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit in a product or a software update for
* such product, must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
* materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. Neither the name of Nordic Semiconductor ASA nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
* software without specific prior written permission.
*
* 4. This software, with or without modification, must only be used with a
* Nordic Semiconductor ASA integrated circuit.
*
* 5. Any software provided in binary form under this license must not be reverse
* engineered, decompiled, modified and/or disassembled.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR ASA OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
* GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
*/
/**
* @brief Blinky Sample Application main file.
*
* This file contains the source code for a sample server application using the LED Button service.
*/
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "ble_gap.h"
#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf.h"
#include "app_error.h"
#include "ble.h"
#include "ble_err.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_srv_common.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "boards.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "app_button.h"
#include "ble_lbs.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_qwr.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"
#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"
#define ADVERTISING_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_0 /**< Is on when device is advertising. */
#define CONNECTED_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_1 /**< Is on when device has connected. */
#define LEDBUTTON_LED BSP_BOARD_LED_2 /**< LED to be toggled with the help of the LED Button Service. */
#define LEDBUTTON_BUTTON BSP_BUTTON_0 /**< Button that will trigger the notification event with the LED Button Service */
#define DEVICE_NAME "Nordic_Blinky" /**< Name of device. Will be included in the advertising data. */
#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO 3 /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */
#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG 1 /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */
#define APP_ADV_INTERVAL 64 /**< The advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms; this value corresponds to 40 ms). */
#define APP_ADV_DURATION BLE_GAP_ADV_TIMEOUT_GENERAL_UNLIMITED /**< The advertising time-out (in units of seconds). When set to 0, we will never time out. */
#define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL MSEC_TO_UNITS(100, UNIT_1_25_MS) /**< Minimum acceptable connection interval (0.5 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL MSEC_TO_UNITS(200, UNIT_1_25_MS) /**< Maximum acceptable connection interval (1 second). */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY 0 /**< Slave latency. */
#define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS) /**< Connection supervisory time-out (4 seconds). */
#define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY APP_TIMER_TICKS(20000) /**< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (15 seconds). */
#define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000) /**< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (5 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT 3 /**< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation. */
#define BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY APP_TIMER_TICKS(50) /**< Delay from a GPIOTE event until a button is reported as pushed (in number of timer ticks). */
#define DEAD_BEEF 0xDEADBEEF /**< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind. */
BLE_LBS_DEF(m_lbs); /**< LED Button Service instance. */
NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt); /**< GATT module instance. */
NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr); /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/
static uint16_t m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID; /**< Handle of the current connection. */
static uint8_t m_adv_handle = BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_HANDLE_NOT_SET; /**< Advertising handle used to identify an advertising set. */
static uint8_t m_enc_advdata[BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_DATA_SIZE_MAX]; /**< Buffer for storing an encoded advertising set. */
static uint8_t m_enc_scan_response_data[BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_DATA_SIZE_MAX]; /**< Buffer for storing an encoded scan data. */
/**@brief Struct that contains pointers to the encoded advertising data. */
static ble_gap_adv_data_t m_adv_data =
{
.adv_data =
{
.p_data = m_enc_advdata,
.len = BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_DATA_SIZE_MAX
},
.scan_rsp_data =
{
.p_data = m_enc_scan_response_data,
.len = BLE_GAP_ADV_SET_DATA_SIZE_MAX
}
};
/**@brief Function for assert macro callback.
*
* @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
*
* @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. You need to analyze
* how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
* @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
*
* @param[in] line_num Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
* @param[in] p_file_name File name of the failing ASSERT call.
*/
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}
/**@brief Function for the LEDs initialization.
*
* @details Initializes all LEDs used by the application.
*/
static void leds_init(void)
{
bsp_board_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS);
}
/**@brief Function for the Timer initialization.
*
* @details Initializes the timer module.
*/
static void timers_init(void)
{
// Initialize timer module, making it use the scheduler
ret_code_t err_code = app_timer_init();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
*
* @details This function sets up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of the
* device including the device name, appearance, and the preferred connection parameters.
*/
static void gap_params_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
ble_gap_conn_params_t gap_conn_params;
ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;
BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);
err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
(const uint8_t *)DEVICE_NAME,
strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));
gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
gap_conn_params.slave_latency = SLAVE_LATENCY;
gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;
sd_ble_gap_tx_power_set(BLE_GAP_TX_POWER_ROLE_ADV, m_adv_handle, 8);
err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT module.
*/
static void gatt_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the Advertising functionality.
*
* @details Encodes the required advertising data and passes it to the stack.
* Also builds a structure to be passed to the stack when starting advertising.
*/
static void advertising_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
ble_advdata_t advdata;
ble_advdata_t srdata;
ble_uuid_t adv_uuids[] = {{LBS_UUID_SERVICE, m_lbs.uuid_type}};
// Build and set advertising data.
memset(&advdata, 0, sizeof(advdata));
advdata.name_type = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
advdata.include_appearance = true;
advdata.flags = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_GENERAL_DISC_MODE;
memset(&srdata, 0, sizeof(srdata));
srdata.uuids_complete.uuid_cnt = sizeof(adv_uuids) / sizeof(adv_uuids[0]);
srdata.uuids_complete.p_uuids = adv_uuids;
err_code = ble_advdata_encode(&advdata, m_adv_data.adv_data.p_data, &m_adv_data.adv_data.len);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
err_code = ble_advdata_encode(&srdata, m_adv_data.scan_rsp_data.p_data, &m_adv_data.scan_rsp_data.len);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
ble_gap_adv_params_t adv_params;
// Set advertising parameters.
memset(&adv_params, 0, sizeof(adv_params));
adv_params.primary_phy = BLE_GAP_PHY_1MBPS;
adv_params.duration = APP_ADV_DURATION;
adv_params.properties.type = BLE_GAP_ADV_TYPE_CONNECTABLE_SCANNABLE_UNDIRECTED;
adv_params.p_peer_addr = NULL;
adv_params.filter_policy = BLE_GAP_ADV_FP_ANY;
adv_params.interval = APP_ADV_INTERVAL;
err_code = sd_ble_gap_adv_set_configure(&m_adv_handle, &m_adv_data, &adv_params);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
*
* @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
* application about an error.
*
* @param[in] nrf_error Error code containing information about what went wrong.
*/
static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}
/**@brief Function for handling write events to the LED characteristic.
*
* @param[in] p_lbs Instance of LED Button Service to which the write applies.
* @param[in] led_state Written/desired state of the LED.
*/
static void led_write_handler(uint16_t conn_handle, ble_lbs_t * p_lbs, uint8_t led_state)
{
if (led_state)
{
bsp_board_led_on(LEDBUTTON_LED);
NRF_LOG_INFO("Received LED ON!");
}
else
{
bsp_board_led_off(LEDBUTTON_LED);
NRF_LOG_INFO("Received LED OFF!");
}
}
/**@brief Function for initializing services that will be used by the application.
*/
static void services_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
ble_lbs_init_t init = {0};
nrf_ble_qwr_init_t qwr_init = {0};
// Initialize Queued Write Module.
qwr_init.error_handler = nrf_qwr_error_handler;
err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Initialize LBS.
init.led_write_handler = led_write_handler;
err_code = ble_lbs_init(&m_lbs, &init);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for handling the Connection Parameters Module.
*
* @details This function will be called for all events in the Connection Parameters Module that
* are passed to the application.
*
* @note All this function does is to disconnect. This could have been done by simply
* setting the disconnect_on_fail config parameter, but instead we use the event
* handler mechanism to demonstrate its use.
*
* @param[in] p_evt Event received from the Connection Parameters Module.
*/
static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
{
err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
}
/**@brief Function for handling a Connection Parameters error.
*
* @param[in] nrf_error Error code containing information about what went wrong.
*/
static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module.
*/
static void conn_params_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;
memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));
cp_init.p_conn_params = NULL;
cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID;
cp_init.disconnect_on_fail = false;
cp_init.evt_handler = on_conn_params_evt;
cp_init.error_handler = conn_params_error_handler;
err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for starting advertising.
*/
static void advertising_start(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = sd_ble_gap_adv_start(m_adv_handle, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
bsp_board_led_on(ADVERTISING_LED);
}
/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
*
* @param[in] p_ble_evt Bluetooth stack event.
* @param[in] p_context Unused.
*/
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
{
case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected");
bsp_board_led_on(CONNECTED_LED);
bsp_board_led_off(ADVERTISING_LED);
m_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_conn_handle);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
err_code = app_button_enable();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected");
bsp_board_led_off(CONNECTED_LED);
m_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
err_code = app_button_disable();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
advertising_start();
break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_SEC_PARAMS_REQUEST:
// Pairing not supported
err_code = sd_ble_gap_sec_params_reply(m_conn_handle,
BLE_GAP_SEC_STATUS_PAIRING_NOT_SUPP,
NULL,
NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
break;
case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
{
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
{
.rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
.tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
};
err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
} break;
case BLE_GATTS_EVT_SYS_ATTR_MISSING:
// No system attributes have been stored.
err_code = sd_ble_gatts_sys_attr_set(m_conn_handle, NULL, 0, 0);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
break;
case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
// Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Client Timeout.");
err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
break;
case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
// Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Server Timeout.");
err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
break;
default:
// No implementation needed.
break;
}
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
*
* @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupt.
*/
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
// Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
uint32_t ram_start = 0;
err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Enable BLE stack.
err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
// Register a handler for BLE events.
NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}
/**@brief Function for handling events from the button handler module.
*
* @param[in] pin_no The pin that the event applies to.
* @param[in] button_action The button action (press/release).
*/
static void button_event_handler(uint8_t pin_no, uint8_t button_action)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
switch (pin_no)
{
case LEDBUTTON_BUTTON: ;
ble_gap_phys_t phys = {
.tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_CODED,
.rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_CODED,
};
err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(m_conn_handle, &phys);
if(err_code == NRF_SUCCESS){
bsp_board_led_on(ADVERTISING_LED);
}
NRF_LOG_INFO("Send button state change.");
err_code = ble_lbs_on_button_change(m_conn_handle, &m_lbs, button_action);
if (err_code != NRF_SUCCESS &&
err_code != BLE_ERROR_INVALID_CONN_HANDLE &&
err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE &&
err_code != BLE_ERROR_GATTS_SYS_ATTR_MISSING)
{
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
break;
default:
bsp_board_led_off(ADVERTISING_LED);
APP_ERROR_HANDLER(pin_no);
break;
}
}
/**@brief Function for initializing the button handler module.
*/
static void buttons_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
//The array must be static because a pointer to it will be saved in the button handler module.
static app_button_cfg_t buttons[] =
{
{LEDBUTTON_BUTTON, false, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler}
};
err_code = app_button_init(buttons, ARRAY_SIZE(buttons),
BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
static void log_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}
/**@brief Function for initializing power management.
*/
static void power_management_init(void)
{
ret_code_t err_code;
err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}
/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
*
* @details If there is no pending log operation, then sleep until next the next event occurs.
*/
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
{
nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
}
}
/**@brief Function for application main entry.
*/
int main(void)
{
// Initialize.
log_init();
leds_init();
timers_init();
buttons_init();
power_management_init();
ble_stack_init();
gap_params_init();
gatt_init();
services_init();
advertising_init();
conn_params_init();
// Start execution.
NRF_LOG_INFO("Blinky example started.");
advertising_start();
// Enter main loop.
for (;;)
{
idle_state_handle();
}
}
/**
* @}
*/
