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Is it still possible to remove bond in CTS?

Hello,

I saw this statement about current time service on a previous ticket and trying to find out if it is true:
"IOS doesn't allow access to the characteristic unless the device is bonded"

https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic-q-a/38214/remove-bond-in-cts/165249#165249

I tried ble_app_cts_c in both 15.3 and 17.0 (extra code added in 17.0), with same results.
Using an iphone 7 with ios 13.5.1, I can get CTS without changes.
With changes:
Time is read from ios until line 724 is commented, at which point pressing button 1 yields no results.
// pm_handler_secure_on_connection(p_ble_evt);

(Setting, #define SEC_PARAM_BOND 0 , generates a fatal error while viewing in RTT so left at 1)

Made the following changes to 17.0 SES DK832,
1) line 126 set to 0
#define SEC_PARAM_BOND 0

2) comment line 724
// pm_handler_secure_on_connection(p_ble_evt);

3) add lines at 736
// Discover peer's services.
err_code = ble_db_discovery_start(&m_ble_db_discovery, m_cur_conn_handle);
APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

4) line 944 set to false
init.config.ble_adv_whitelist_enabled = false;


It seems to have been possible to remove the bond in CTS a couple of years ago.
Apart from above, can the bond actually be removed and obtain time from ios using the latest versions?


thank-you,

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/** @file
 *
 * @defgroup ble_sdk_app_cts_c_main main.c
 * @{
 * @ingroup ble_sdk_app_cts_c
 * @brief Current Time Profile sample application.
 *
 * This file contains the source code for a sample application that uses Current Time Service.
 * This is the client role of the profile, implemented on a peripheral device.
 * When a central device connects, the application will trigger a security procedure (if this is not done
 * by the central side first). Completion of the security procedure will trigger a service
 * discovery. When the Current Time Service and Characteristic have been discovered on the
 * server, pressing button 1 will trigger a read of the current time and print it on the UART.
 *

line 126 set to 0
#define SEC_PARAM_BOND                  0  

comment line 724
//    pm_handler_secure_on_connection(p_ble_evt);

add line 737
            // Discover peer's services.
            err_code  = ble_db_discovery_start(&m_ble_db_discovery, m_cur_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

line 944 set to false
    init.config.ble_adv_whitelist_enabled = false;

 */

#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "nrf.h"
#include "app_error.h"
#include "app_scheduler.h"
#include "app_timer.h"
#include "ble.h"
#include "ble_cts_c.h"
#include "ble_db_discovery.h"
#include "ble_hci.h"
#include "ble_srv_common.h"
#include "ble_advdata.h"
#include "ble_advertising.h"
#include "ble_conn_params.h"
#include "bsp_btn_ble.h"
#include "peer_manager.h"
#include "peer_manager_handler.h"
#include "nordic_common.h"
#include "nrf_sdh.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_soc.h"
#include "nrf_sdh_ble.h"
#include "fds.h"
#include "ble_conn_state.h"
#include "nrf_ble_gatt.h"
#include "nrf_ble_qwr.h"
#include "nrf_pwr_mgmt.h"

#include "nrf_log.h"
#include "nrf_log_ctrl.h"
#include "nrf_log_default_backends.h"


#define DEVICE_NAME                     "Nordic_CTS"                                /**< Name of the device. Will be included in the advertising data. */

#define APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO           3                                           /**< Application's BLE observer priority. You shouldn't need to modify this value. */
#define APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG            1                                           /**< A tag identifying the SoftDevice BLE configuration. */

#define APP_ADV_FAST_INTERVAL           0x0028                                      /**< Fast advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms). The default value corresponds to 25 ms. */
#define APP_ADV_SLOW_INTERVAL           0x0C80                                      /**< Slow advertising interval (in units of 0.625 ms). The default value corresponds to 2 seconds. */

#define APP_ADV_FAST_DURATION           3000                                        /**< The advertising duration of fast advertising in units of 10 milliseconds. */
#define APP_ADV_SLOW_DURATION           18000                                       /**< The advertising duration of slow advertising in units of 10 milliseconds. */


#define MIN_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(500, UNIT_1_25_MS)            /**< Minimum acceptable connection interval (0.5 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_INTERVAL               MSEC_TO_UNITS(1000, UNIT_1_25_MS)           /**< Maximum acceptable connection interval (1 second). */
#define SLAVE_LATENCY                   0                                           /**< Slave latency. */
#define CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT                MSEC_TO_UNITS(4000, UNIT_10_MS)             /**< Connection supervisory time-out (4 seconds). */
#define FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY  APP_TIMER_TICKS(5000)                       /**< Time from initiating event (connect or start of notification) to first time sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update is called (5 seconds). */
#define NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY   APP_TIMER_TICKS(30000)                      /**< Time between each call to sd_ble_gap_conn_param_update after the first call (30 seconds). */
#define MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT    3                                           /**< Number of attempts before giving up the connection parameter negotiation. */

#define SEC_PARAM_TIMEOUT               30                                          /**< Time-out for pairing request or security request (in seconds). */
#define SEC_PARAM_BOND                  1                                           /**< Perform bonding. */
// Pairing, No Bonding
//#define SEC_PARAM_BOND                  0                                           /**< Perform bonding. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MITM                  0                                           /**< Man In The Middle protection requirement. */
#define SEC_PARAM_LESC                  0                                           /**< LE Secure Connections not enabled. */
#define SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS              0                                           /**< Keypress notifications not enabled. */
#define SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES       BLE_GAP_IO_CAPS_NONE                        /**< I/O capabilities. */
#define SEC_PARAM_OOB                   0                                           /**< Out Of Band data availability. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE          7                                           /**< Minimum encryption key size. */
#define SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE          16                                          /**< Maximum encryption key size. */



#define SCHED_MAX_EVENT_DATA_SIZE APP_TIMER_SCHED_EVENT_DATA_SIZE                   /**< Maximum size of scheduler events. Note that scheduler BLE stack events do not contain any data, as the events are being pulled from the stack in the event handler. */
#ifdef SVCALL_AS_NORMAL_FUNCTION
#define SCHED_QUEUE_SIZE                20                                          /**< Maximum number of events in the scheduler queue. More is needed in case of Serialization. */
#else
#define SCHED_QUEUE_SIZE                10                                          /**< Maximum number of events in the scheduler queue. */
#endif

#define DEAD_BEEF                       0xDEADBEEF                                  /**< Value used as error code on stack dump, can be used to identify stack location on stack unwind. */


BLE_CTS_C_DEF(m_cts_c);                                                             /**< Current Time service instance. */
NRF_BLE_GATT_DEF(m_gatt);                                                           /**< GATT module instance. */
NRF_BLE_QWR_DEF(m_qwr);                                                             /**< Context for the Queued Write module.*/
BLE_ADVERTISING_DEF(m_advertising);                                                 /**< Advertising module instance. */
BLE_DB_DISCOVERY_DEF(m_ble_db_discovery);                                           /**< DB discovery module instance. */
NRF_BLE_GQ_DEF(m_ble_gatt_queue,                                                    /**< BLE GATT Queue instance. */
               NRF_SDH_BLE_PERIPHERAL_LINK_COUNT,
               NRF_BLE_GQ_QUEUE_SIZE);

static pm_peer_id_t m_peer_id;                                                      /**< Device reference handle to the current bonded central. */
static uint16_t     m_cur_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;                    /**< Handle of the current connection. */

static pm_peer_id_t m_whitelist_peers[BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT];            /**< List of peers currently in the whitelist. */
static uint32_t     m_whitelist_peer_cnt;                                           /**< Number of peers currently in the whitelist. */

static ble_uuid_t m_adv_uuids[] = {{BLE_UUID_CURRENT_TIME_SERVICE, BLE_UUID_TYPE_BLE}};

static char const * day_of_week[] =
{
    "Unknown",
    "Monday",
    "Tuesday",
    "Wednesday",
    "Thursday",
    "Friday",
    "Saturday",
    "Sunday"
};

static char const * month_of_year[] =
{
    "Unknown",
    "January",
    "February",
    "March",
    "April",
    "May",
    "June",
    "July",
    "August",
    "September",
    "October",
    "November",
    "December"
};


/**@brief Callback function for asserts in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @details This function will be called in case of an assert in the SoftDevice.
 *
 * @warning This handler is an example only and does not fit a final product. You need to analyze
 *          how your product is supposed to react in case of Assert.
 * @warning On assert from the SoftDevice, the system can only recover on reset.
 *
 * @param[in] line_num  Line number of the failing ASSERT call.
 * @param[in] file_name File name of the failing ASSERT call.
 */
void assert_nrf_callback(uint16_t line_num, const uint8_t * p_file_name)
{
    app_error_handler(DEAD_BEEF, line_num, p_file_name);
}


/**@brief Fetch the list of peer manager peer IDs.
 *
 * @param[inout] p_peers   The buffer where to store the list of peer IDs.
 * @param[inout] p_size    In: The size of the @p p_peers buffer.
 *                         Out: The number of peers copied in the buffer.
 */
static void peer_list_get(pm_peer_id_t * p_peers, uint32_t * p_size)
{
    pm_peer_id_t peer_id;
    uint32_t     peers_to_copy;

    peers_to_copy = (*p_size < BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT) ?
                     *p_size : BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT;

    peer_id = pm_next_peer_id_get(PM_PEER_ID_INVALID);
    *p_size = 0;

    while ((peer_id != PM_PEER_ID_INVALID) && (peers_to_copy--))
    {
        p_peers[(*p_size)++] = peer_id;
        peer_id = pm_next_peer_id_get(peer_id);
    }
}


/**@brief Clear bond information from persistent storage.
 */
static void delete_bonds(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    NRF_LOG_INFO("Erase bonds!");

    err_code = pm_peers_delete();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for starting advertising.
 */
static void advertising_start(bool erase_bonds)
{
    if (erase_bonds == true)
    {
        delete_bonds();
        // Advertising is started by PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED event.
    }
    else
    {
        ret_code_t ret;

        memset(m_whitelist_peers, PM_PEER_ID_INVALID, sizeof(m_whitelist_peers));
        m_whitelist_peer_cnt = (sizeof(m_whitelist_peers) / sizeof(pm_peer_id_t));

        peer_list_get(m_whitelist_peers, &m_whitelist_peer_cnt);

        ret = pm_whitelist_set(m_whitelist_peers, m_whitelist_peer_cnt);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);

        // Setup the device identies list.
        // Some SoftDevices do not support this feature.
        ret = pm_device_identities_list_set(m_whitelist_peers, m_whitelist_peer_cnt);
        if (ret != NRF_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)
        {
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);
        }

        ret = ble_advertising_start(&m_advertising, BLE_ADV_MODE_FAST);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling Peer Manager events.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Peer Manager event.
 */
static void pm_evt_handler(pm_evt_t const * p_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    pm_handler_on_pm_evt(p_evt);
    pm_handler_flash_clean(p_evt);

    switch (p_evt->evt_id)
    {
        case PM_EVT_CONN_SEC_SUCCEEDED:
        {
            m_peer_id = p_evt->peer_id;

            // Discover peer's services.
            err_code  = ble_db_discovery_start(&m_ble_db_discovery, p_evt->conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        case PM_EVT_PEERS_DELETE_SUCCEEDED:
        {
            advertising_start(false);
        } break;

        case PM_EVT_PEER_DATA_UPDATE_SUCCEEDED:
        {
            // Note: You should check on what kind of white list policy your application should use.
            if (     p_evt->params.peer_data_update_succeeded.flash_changed
                 && (p_evt->params.peer_data_update_succeeded.data_id == PM_PEER_DATA_ID_BONDING))
            {
                NRF_LOG_DEBUG("New Bond, add the peer to the whitelist if possible");
                NRF_LOG_DEBUG("\tm_whitelist_peer_cnt %d, MAX_PEERS_WLIST %d",
                               m_whitelist_peer_cnt + 1,
                               BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT);

                if (m_whitelist_peer_cnt < BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT)
                {
                    // Bonded to a new peer, add it to the whitelist.
                    m_whitelist_peers[m_whitelist_peer_cnt++] = m_peer_id;

                    // The whitelist has been modified, update it in the Peer Manager.
                    err_code = pm_device_identities_list_set(m_whitelist_peers, m_whitelist_peer_cnt);
                    if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)
                    {
                        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                    }

                    err_code = pm_whitelist_set(m_whitelist_peers, m_whitelist_peer_cnt);
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            }
        } break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling the Current Time Service errors.
 *
 * @param[in]  nrf_error  Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void current_time_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the Current Time Service errors.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Event received from the Current Time Service client.
 */
static void current_time_print(ble_cts_c_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\r\nCurrent Time:");
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\r\nDate:");

    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tDay of week   %s", (uint32_t)day_of_week[p_evt->
                                                         params.
                                                         current_time.
                                                         exact_time_256.
                                                         day_date_time.
                                                         day_of_week]);

    if (p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.day_date_time.date_time.day == 0)
    {
        NRF_LOG_INFO("\tDay of month  Unknown");
    }
    else
    {
        NRF_LOG_INFO("\tDay of month  %i",
                       p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.day_date_time.date_time.day);
    }

    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tMonth of year %s",
    (uint32_t)month_of_year[p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.day_date_time.date_time.month]);
    if (p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.day_date_time.date_time.year == 0)
    {
        NRF_LOG_INFO("\tYear          Unknown");
    }
    else
    {
        NRF_LOG_INFO("\tYear          %i",
                       p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.day_date_time.date_time.year);
    }
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\r\nTime:");
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tHours     %i",
                   p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.day_date_time.date_time.hours);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tMinutes   %i",
                   p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.day_date_time.date_time.minutes);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tSeconds   %i",
                   p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.day_date_time.date_time.seconds);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tFractions %i/256 of a second",
                   p_evt->params.current_time.exact_time_256.fractions256);

    NRF_LOG_INFO("\r\nAdjust reason:\r");
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tDaylight savings %x",
                   p_evt->params.current_time.adjust_reason.change_of_daylight_savings_time);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tTime zone        %x",
                   p_evt->params.current_time.adjust_reason.change_of_time_zone);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tExternal update  %x",
                   p_evt->params.current_time.adjust_reason.external_reference_time_update);
    NRF_LOG_INFO("\tManual update    %x",
                   p_evt->params.current_time.adjust_reason.manual_time_update);
}


/**@brief Function for the timer initialization.
 *
 * @details Initializes the timer module.
 */
static void timers_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = app_timer_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the Current Time Service client events.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all events in the Current Time Service client that
 *          are passed to the application.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt Event received from the Current Time Service client.
 */
static void on_cts_c_evt(ble_cts_c_t * p_cts, ble_cts_c_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    switch (p_evt->evt_type)
    {
        case BLE_CTS_C_EVT_DISCOVERY_COMPLETE:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Current Time Service discovered on server.");
            err_code = ble_cts_c_handles_assign(&m_cts_c,
                                                p_evt->conn_handle,
                                                &p_evt->params.char_handles);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_CTS_C_EVT_DISCOVERY_FAILED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Current Time Service not found on server. ");
            // CTS not found in this case we just disconnect. There is no reason to stay
            // in the connection for this simple app since it all wants is to interact with CT
            if (p_evt->conn_handle != BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_evt->conn_handle,
                                                 BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            break;

        case BLE_CTS_C_EVT_DISCONN_COMPLETE:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnect Complete.");
            break;

        case BLE_CTS_C_EVT_CURRENT_TIME:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Current Time received.");
            current_time_print(p_evt);
            break;

        case BLE_CTS_C_EVT_INVALID_TIME:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Invalid Time received.");
            break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for the GAP initialization.
 *
 * @details This function sets up all the necessary GAP (Generic Access Profile) parameters of the
 *          device including the device name, appearance, and the preferred connection parameters.
 */
static void gap_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t              err_code;
    ble_gap_conn_params_t   gap_conn_params;
    ble_gap_conn_sec_mode_t sec_mode;

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&sec_mode);

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_device_name_set(&sec_mode,
                                          (const uint8_t *)DEVICE_NAME,
                                          strlen(DEVICE_NAME));
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&gap_conn_params, 0, sizeof(gap_conn_params));

    gap_conn_params.min_conn_interval = MIN_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.max_conn_interval = MAX_CONN_INTERVAL;
    gap_conn_params.slave_latency     = SLAVE_LATENCY;
    gap_conn_params.conn_sup_timeout  = CONN_SUP_TIMEOUT;

    err_code = sd_ble_gap_ppcp_set(&gap_conn_params);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the GATT module.
 */
static void gatt_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = nrf_ble_gatt_init(&m_gatt, NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Queued Write Module errors.
 *
 * @details A pointer to this function will be passed to each service which may need to inform the
 *          application about an error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void nrf_qwr_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing services that will be used by the application.
 */
static void services_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t         err_code;
    ble_cts_c_init_t   cts_init = {0};
    nrf_ble_qwr_init_t qwr_init = {0};

    // Initialize Queued Write Module.
    qwr_init.error_handler = nrf_qwr_error_handler;

    err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_init(&m_qwr, &qwr_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Initialize CTS.
    cts_init.evt_handler   = on_cts_c_evt;
    cts_init.error_handler = current_time_error_handler;
    cts_init.p_gatt_queue  = &m_ble_gatt_queue;
    err_code               = ble_cts_c_init(&m_cts_c, &cts_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the Connection Parameters module.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for all events in the Connection Parameters module that
 *          are passed to the application.
 *          @note All this function does is to disconnect. This could have been done by simply
 *                setting the disconnect_on_fail config parameter, but instead we use the event
 *                handler mechanism to demonstrate its use.
 *
 * @param[in] p_evt  Event received from the Connection Parameters module.
 */
static void on_conn_params_evt(ble_conn_params_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    if (p_evt->evt_type == BLE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT_FAILED)
    {
        err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_cur_conn_handle, BLE_HCI_CONN_INTERVAL_UNACCEPTABLE);
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling a Connection Parameters error.
 *
 * @param[in]   nrf_error   Error code containing information about what went wrong.
 */
static void conn_params_error_handler(uint32_t nrf_error)
{
    APP_ERROR_HANDLER(nrf_error);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the Connection Parameters module.
 */
static void conn_params_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t             err_code;
    ble_conn_params_init_t cp_init;

    memset(&cp_init, 0, sizeof(cp_init));

    cp_init.p_conn_params                  = NULL;
    cp_init.first_conn_params_update_delay = FIRST_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.next_conn_params_update_delay  = NEXT_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_DELAY;
    cp_init.max_conn_params_update_count   = MAX_CONN_PARAMS_UPDATE_COUNT;
    cp_init.start_on_notify_cccd_handle    = BLE_GATT_HANDLE_INVALID;
    cp_init.disconnect_on_fail             = false;
    cp_init.evt_handler                    = on_conn_params_evt;
    cp_init.error_handler                  = conn_params_error_handler;

    err_code = ble_conn_params_init(&cp_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling Database Discovery events.
 *
 * @details This function is a callback function to handle events from the database discovery module.
 *          Depending on the UUIDs that are discovered, this function should forward the events
 *          to their respective service instances.
 *
 * @param[in] p_event  Pointer to the database discovery event.
 */
static void db_disc_handler(ble_db_discovery_evt_t * p_evt)
{
    ble_cts_c_on_db_disc_evt(&m_cts_c, p_evt);
}


/**@brief Function for putting the chip into sleep mode.
 *
 * @note This function will not return.
 */
static void sleep_mode_enter(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_IDLE);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Prepare wakeup buttons.
    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_sleep_mode_prepare();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Go to system-off mode (this function will not return; wakeup will cause a reset).
    err_code = sd_power_system_off();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling advertising events.
 *
 * @details This function will be called for advertising events which are passed to the application.
 *
 * @param[in] ble_adv_evt  Advertising event.
 */
static void on_adv_evt(ble_adv_evt_t ble_adv_evt)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    switch (ble_adv_evt)
    {
        case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Fast advertising");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_SLOW:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Slow advertising");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING_SLOW);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_FAST_WHITELIST:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Fast advertising with WhiteList");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING_WHITELIST);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_SLOW_WHITELIST:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Slow advertising with WhiteList");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_ADVERTISING_WHITELIST);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            err_code = ble_advertising_restart_without_whitelist(&m_advertising);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_IDLE:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;

        case BLE_ADV_EVT_WHITELIST_REQUEST:
        {
            ble_gap_addr_t whitelist_addrs[BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT];
            ble_gap_irk_t  whitelist_irks[BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT];
            uint32_t       addr_cnt = BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT;
            uint32_t       irk_cnt  = BLE_GAP_WHITELIST_ADDR_MAX_COUNT;

            err_code = pm_whitelist_get(whitelist_addrs, &addr_cnt,
                                        whitelist_irks,  &irk_cnt);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("pm_whitelist_get returns %d addr in whitelist and %d irk whitelist",
                           addr_cnt,
                           irk_cnt);

            // Apply the whitelist.
            err_code = ble_advertising_whitelist_reply(&m_advertising,
                                                       whitelist_addrs,
                                                       addr_cnt,
                                                       whitelist_irks,
                                                       irk_cnt);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        }
        break;

        default:
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling BLE events.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_ble_evt   Bluetooth stack event.
 * @param[in]   p_context   Unused.
 */
static void ble_evt_handler(ble_evt_t const * p_ble_evt, void * p_context)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

//    pm_handler_secure_on_connection(p_ble_evt);

    switch (p_ble_evt->header.evt_id)
    {
        case BLE_GAP_EVT_CONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Connected.");
            err_code = bsp_indication_set(BSP_INDICATE_CONNECTED);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            m_cur_conn_handle = p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle;
            err_code = nrf_ble_qwr_conn_handle_assign(&m_qwr, m_cur_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

            // Discover peer's services.
            err_code  = ble_db_discovery_start(&m_ble_db_discovery, m_cur_conn_handle);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

            break;

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED:
            NRF_LOG_INFO("Disconnected.");
            m_cur_conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
            if (p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle == m_cts_c.conn_handle)
            {
                m_cts_c.conn_handle = BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID;
            }
            break; // BLE_GAP_EVT_DISCONNECTED

        case BLE_GAP_EVT_PHY_UPDATE_REQUEST:
        {
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("PHY update request.");
            ble_gap_phys_t const phys =
            {
                .rx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
                .tx_phys = BLE_GAP_PHY_AUTO,
            };
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_phy_update(p_ble_evt->evt.gap_evt.conn_handle, &phys);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
        } break;

        case BLE_GATTC_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Client timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Client Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gattc_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        case BLE_GATTS_EVT_TIMEOUT:
            // Disconnect on GATT Server timeout event.
            NRF_LOG_DEBUG("GATT Server Timeout.");
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(p_ble_evt->evt.gatts_evt.conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for handling events from the BSP module.
 *
 * @param[in]   event   Event generated by button press.
 */
void bsp_event_handler(bsp_event_t event)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    switch (event)
    {
        case BSP_EVENT_SLEEP:
            sleep_mode_enter();
            break;

        case BSP_EVENT_DISCONNECT:
            err_code = sd_ble_gap_disconnect(m_cur_conn_handle,
                                             BLE_HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION);
            if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
            {
                APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
            }
            break;

        case BSP_EVENT_WHITELIST_OFF:
            if (m_cts_c.conn_handle == BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                err_code = ble_advertising_restart_without_whitelist(&m_advertising);
                if (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
                {
                    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
                }
            }
            break;

        case BSP_EVENT_KEY_0:
            if (m_cts_c.conn_handle != BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID)
            {
                err_code = ble_cts_c_current_time_read(&m_cts_c);
                if (err_code == NRF_ERROR_NOT_FOUND)
                {
                    NRF_LOG_INFO("Current Time Service is not discovered.");
                }
            }
            break;

        default:
            // No implementation needed.
            break;
    }
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the BLE stack.
 *
 * @details Initializes the SoftDevice and the BLE event interrupt.
 */
static void ble_stack_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;

    err_code = nrf_sdh_enable_request();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Configure the BLE stack using the default settings.
    // Fetch the start address of the application RAM.
    uint32_t ram_start = 0;
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_default_cfg_set(APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG, &ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Enable BLE stack.
    err_code = nrf_sdh_ble_enable(&ram_start);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Register a handler for BLE events.
    NRF_SDH_BLE_OBSERVER(m_ble_observer, APP_BLE_OBSERVER_PRIO, ble_evt_handler, NULL);
}


/**@brief Function for the Event Scheduler initialization.
 */
static void scheduler_init(void)
{
    APP_SCHED_INIT(SCHED_MAX_EVENT_DATA_SIZE, SCHED_QUEUE_SIZE);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing buttons and leds.
 *
 * @param[out] p_erase_bonds  Will be true if the clear bonding button was pressed to wake the application up.
 */
static void buttons_leds_init(bool * p_erase_bonds)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    bsp_event_t startup_event;

    err_code = bsp_init(BSP_INIT_LEDS | BSP_INIT_BUTTONS, bsp_event_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = bsp_btn_ble_init(NULL, &startup_event);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    *p_erase_bonds = (startup_event == BSP_EVENT_CLEAR_BONDING_DATA);
}


/**@brief Function for the Peer Manager initialization.
 */
static void peer_manager_init(void)
{
    ble_gap_sec_params_t sec_param;
    ret_code_t           err_code;

    err_code = pm_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    memset(&sec_param, 0, sizeof(ble_gap_sec_params_t));

    // Security parameters to be used for all security procedures.
    sec_param.bond           = SEC_PARAM_BOND;
    sec_param.mitm           = SEC_PARAM_MITM;
    sec_param.lesc           = SEC_PARAM_LESC;
    sec_param.keypress       = SEC_PARAM_KEYPRESS;
    sec_param.io_caps        = SEC_PARAM_IO_CAPABILITIES;
    sec_param.oob            = SEC_PARAM_OOB;
    sec_param.min_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MIN_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_param.max_key_size   = SEC_PARAM_MAX_KEY_SIZE;
    sec_param.kdist_own.enc  = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_own.id   = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_peer.enc = 1;
    sec_param.kdist_peer.id  = 1;

    err_code = pm_sec_params_set(&sec_param);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = pm_register(pm_evt_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the advertising functionality.
 *
 * @details Encodes the required advertising data and passes it to the stack.
 *          Also builds a structure to be passed to the stack when starting advertising.
 */
static void advertising_init()
{
    ret_code_t             err_code;
    ble_advertising_init_t init;

    memset(&init, 0, sizeof(init));

    init.advdata.name_type                = BLE_ADVDATA_FULL_NAME;
    init.advdata.include_appearance       = true;
    init.advdata.flags                    = BLE_GAP_ADV_FLAGS_LE_ONLY_LIMITED_DISC_MODE;
    init.advdata.uuids_solicited.uuid_cnt = sizeof(m_adv_uuids) / sizeof(m_adv_uuids[0]);
    init.advdata.uuids_solicited.p_uuids  = m_adv_uuids;

//    init.config.ble_adv_whitelist_enabled = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_whitelist_enabled = false;

    init.config.ble_adv_fast_enabled      = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_interval     = APP_ADV_FAST_INTERVAL;
    init.config.ble_adv_fast_timeout      = APP_ADV_FAST_DURATION;
    init.config.ble_adv_slow_enabled      = true;
    init.config.ble_adv_slow_interval     = APP_ADV_SLOW_INTERVAL;
    init.config.ble_adv_slow_timeout      = APP_ADV_SLOW_DURATION;

    init.evt_handler = on_adv_evt;

    err_code = ble_advertising_init(&m_advertising, &init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    ble_advertising_conn_cfg_tag_set(&m_advertising, APP_BLE_CONN_CFG_TAG);
}


/**
 * @brief Database discovery collector initialization.
 */
static void db_discovery_init(void)
{
    ble_db_discovery_init_t db_init;

    memset(&db_init, 0, sizeof(ble_db_discovery_init_t));

    db_init.evt_handler  = db_disc_handler;
    db_init.p_gatt_queue = &m_ble_gatt_queue;

    ret_code_t err_code = ble_db_discovery_init(&db_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for initializing the nrf log module.
 */
static void log_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code = NRF_LOG_INIT(NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    NRF_LOG_DEFAULT_BACKENDS_INIT();
}


/**@brief Function for initializing power management.
 */
static void power_management_init(void)
{
    ret_code_t err_code;
    err_code = nrf_pwr_mgmt_init();
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}


/**@brief Function for handling the idle state (main loop).
 *
 * @details If there is no pending log operation, then sleep until next the next event occurs.
 */
static void idle_state_handle(void)
{
    app_sched_execute();
    if (NRF_LOG_PROCESS() == false)
    {
        nrf_pwr_mgmt_run();
    }
}


/**@brief Function for application main entry.
 */
int main(void)
{
    bool erase_bonds;

    // Initialize.
    log_init();
    timers_init();
    buttons_leds_init(&erase_bonds);
    scheduler_init();
    power_management_init();
    ble_stack_init();
    gap_params_init();
    gatt_init();
    db_discovery_init();
    advertising_init();
    peer_manager_init();
    services_init();
    conn_params_init();

    // Start execution.
    NRF_LOG_INFO("Current Time service client started.");

    advertising_start(erase_bonds);

    // Enter main loop.
    for (;;)
    {
        idle_state_handle();
    }
}


/**
 * @}
 */

Parents
  • Hello,

    I have not seen anywhere that you don't need bonding to access the current time service. Where is that information coming from?

    I tried to access this in nRF Connect without success, due to insufficient authentication:

    I don't understand how to read it from the bluetooth web pages anymore (they changed the layout), but perhaps you can point me to where it says, if you know where to find this information.

    Remember that even though it is not mandatory to protect a service with security, they may still do it as an addon.

    best regards,

    Edvin

  • luckxiaoer asked "how to remove the bonding procedure completely?",
    Sigurd replied "Try this",
    luckxiaoer answered back "It solved my problem".
    https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic-q-a/38214/remove-bond-in-cts/165249

    Now after a couple of years it seems by looking at your nRF Connect test,
    that it is now no longer possible to access CTS without bonding.

    I was looking for a double check to be certain.

    thank-you,

    (p.s. the reply was posted 2 days ago, but I only received notification today)

  • Hello,

     

    Simon said:
    (p.s. the reply seems to have been posted 2 days ago, but I only received notification today)

     I'll forward this internally. Thank you for reporting.

    The description from Sigurd is correct. That is how you remove the bonding in an example. And it may be correct that pairing (short term bonding) is not required by the Current Time Service by the BLE specification, since I can't find that requirement on Bluetooth's webpage. 

    However, when I test with my iPhone, I am not able to read the CTS without encrypting (pairing or bonding) the connection (as you can see in the screenshot in my previous reply). This is something they can add themselves. So perhaps the user in Sigurds ticket, which you linked to, was not testing against an iPhone, but something else that doesn't put the encryption requirement on the service. He/she doesn't mention what the central in the connection is, as far as I can tell.

    Now, I am not sure whether you got that far that you actually tried to read the CTS characteristic or not, or if you stopped at the SEC_PARAM_BOND 0, since it threw an error. If you define DEBUG in your preprocessor definitions. Then the log should point to the APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code) that caught the error. 

    I guess the pm_sec_params_set() returns != 0 (NRF_SUCCESS). Try debugging into it with SEC_PARAM_BOND set to 0.

    You should be able to disable bonding, but please be aware that at least on my iphone, I wasn't able to read the CTS without at least pairing.

    If you are not sure about the difference between bonding and pairing, please check out Einar's answer in this ticket

    Best regards,

    Edvin

  • I'm looking at trying to reproduce INSUF_AUTHENTICATION.
    Just toggling SEC_PARAM_BOND 0 in the cts example is giving me trouble,

    00> <info> app_timer: RTC: initialized.
    00>
    00> <error> app: ERROR 7 [NRF_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM] at .....\nRF5_SDK_17.0.0\examples\ble_peripheral\ble_app_cts_c-2\main.c:894
    00>
    00> PC at: 0x0002BB7F
    00>
    00> <error> app: End of error report
    00>

    which is this spot,
    pm_sec_params_set() returns != 0 (NRF_SUCCESS)

    Is some other setting needed to change for SEC_PARAM_BOND 0 to work in the 17.0 example?
    That is the only setting I'm changing in the example.

    thank-you,

Reply
  • I'm looking at trying to reproduce INSUF_AUTHENTICATION.
    Just toggling SEC_PARAM_BOND 0 in the cts example is giving me trouble,

    00> <info> app_timer: RTC: initialized.
    00>
    00> <error> app: ERROR 7 [NRF_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM] at .....\nRF5_SDK_17.0.0\examples\ble_peripheral\ble_app_cts_c-2\main.c:894
    00>
    00> PC at: 0x0002BB7F
    00>
    00> <error> app: End of error report
    00>

    which is this spot,
    pm_sec_params_set() returns != 0 (NRF_SUCCESS)

    Is some other setting needed to change for SEC_PARAM_BOND 0 to work in the 17.0 example?
    That is the only setting I'm changing in the example.

    thank-you,

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